[10-Q] INTUITIVE SURGICAL INC Quarterly Earnings Report
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
| QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2026
OR
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 000-30713
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)
| (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(408 ) 523-2100
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| x | Accelerated filer | ¨ | ||||||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | ¨ | Smaller reporting company | ||||||||||||
| Emerging growth company | ||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x
The Registrant had 353,278,038 shares of Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding as of July 16, 2026.
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page No. | ||||||||
| PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION | ||||||||
Item 1. | Financial Statements (unaudited): | |||||||
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 | 3 | |||||||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 | 4 | |||||||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 | 5 | |||||||
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 6 | |||||||
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 25 | ||||||
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 45 | ||||||
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 45 | ||||||
| PART II. OTHER INFORMATION | ||||||||
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 46 | ||||||
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 46 | ||||||
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 46 | ||||||
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 46 | ||||||
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 47 | ||||||
Item 5. | Other Information | 47 | ||||||
Item 6. | Exhibits | 48 | ||||||
Signature | 49 | |||||||
2
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(UNAUDITED)
| in millions (except par values) | June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Short-term investments | |||||||||||
Accounts receivable, net | |||||||||||
| Inventory | |||||||||||
| Prepaids and other current assets | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | |||||||||||
| Property, plant, and equipment, net | |||||||||||
| Long-term investments | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | |||||||||||
| Intangible and other assets, net | |||||||||||
| Goodwill | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accrued compensation and employee benefits | |||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | |||||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
Contingencies (Note 8) | |||||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | |||||||||||
Preferred stock, | |||||||||||
Common stock, | |||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | |||||||||||
| Retained earnings | |||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | |||||||||||
| Total Intuitive Surgical, Inc. stockholders’ equity | |||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interest in joint venture | |||||||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
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INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(UNAUDITED)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(UNAUDITED)
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| in millions (except per share amounts) | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Service | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total cost of revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Selling, general, and administrative | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other income, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in joint venture | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Intuitive Surgical, Inc. | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income per share attributable to Intuitive Surgical, Inc.: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Shares used in computing net income per share attributable to Intuitive Surgical, Inc.: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains (losses) on hedge instruments | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation gains (losses) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Employee benefit plan adjustments | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income attributable to Intuitive Surgical, Inc. | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
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INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
| Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||
| in millions | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||
| Operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and loss on disposal of property, plant, and equipment | |||||||||||
Amortization of intangible and other assets | |||||||||||
Accretion of discounts, amortization of premiums, and (gains) losses on investments, net | ( | ( | |||||||||
Gain on sale of business and assets | ( | ||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | ( | ||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | |||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions: | |||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Inventory | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Prepaids and other assets | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Accounts payable | |||||||||||
| Accrued compensation and employee benefits | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue | |||||||||||
| Other liabilities | ( | ||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | |||||||||||
| Investing activities: | |||||||||||
| Purchase of investments | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of investments | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from maturities of investments | |||||||||||
Proceeds from sale of assets | |||||||||||
| Purchase of property, plant, and equipment | ( | ( | |||||||||
Acquisition of business, net of cash, and intellectual property and other investing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | ( | ||||||||||
| Financing activities: | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock relating to employee stock plans | |||||||||||
| Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Repurchase of common stock | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Other financing activities | ( | ||||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | ( | ||||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | ( | ||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period | |||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
Supplemental and non-cash disclosures: | |||||||||||
| Equipment transfers, including operating lease assets, from inventory to property, plant, and equipment | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Acquisition of property, plant, and equipment in accounts payable and accrued liabilities | |||||||||||
Unsettled common stock repurchases in accrued liabilities | |||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
5
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
In this report, “Intuitive,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Intuitive Surgical, Inc. and its wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries.
NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS
Intuitive develops, manufactures, and markets da Vinci® surgical systems and the Ion® endoluminal system. The Company’s products and related services enable physicians and healthcare providers to improve the quality of and access to minimally invasive care. The da Vinci surgical system is designed to enable surgeons to perform a wide range of surgical procedures within our targeted general surgery, urologic, gynecologic, cardiothoracic, and head and neck specialties and consists of a surgeon console or consoles, a patient-side cart, and a high-performance vision system. The Ion endoluminal system is a flexible, robotic-assisted, catheter-based platform for which the first cleared indication is minimally invasive biopsies in the lung and consists of a system cart, a controller, a catheter, and a vision probe. Both systems use software, instruments, and accessories.
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements (“Financial Statements”) and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial reporting. In the opinion of management, the accompanying Financial Statements of Intuitive Surgical, Inc. and its wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries have been prepared on a consistent basis with the audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, and include all adjustments, consisting of normal, recurring adjustments, necessary to fairly state the information set forth herein. All intercompany transactions and account balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Certain information and footnote disclosures typically included in the annual consolidated financial statements have been condensed or omitted. Accordingly, these Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, which was filed with the SEC on February 3, 2026. The results of operations for the first six months of 2026 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire fiscal year or any future periods.
The Financial Statements include the results and balances of the Company’s majority-owned joint ventures, Intuitive Surgical-Fosun Medical Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Intuitive Surgical-Fosun (HongKong) Co., Ltd. (collectively, the “Joint Venture”), with Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical (Group) Co., Ltd. (“Fosun Pharma”). The Company holds a controlling financial interest in the Joint Venture, and the noncontrolling interest is reflected as a separate component of the condensed consolidated stockholders’ equity. The noncontrolling interest’s share of the earnings in the Joint Venture is presented separately in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.
Risks and Uncertainties
The Company’s future results of operations and liquidity could be materially adversely affected by uncertainties surrounding macroeconomic and geopolitical factors in both the U.S. and globally. These uncertainties include any introduction or modification of tariffs or trade barriers, inflationary pressures, elevated interest rates, disruptions in commodity markets stemming from conflicts, such as those between Russia and Ukraine and conflicts in the Middle East, including those with Iran, and supply chain challenges, including constraints on supplier capacity and availability of critical materials and components.
Recent tariff changes imposed by the U.S. and other countries have created increased risks and uncertainties surrounding the Company’s future results of operations. The U.S. import tariffs, along with any reciprocal measures by other countries, may increase the Company’s cost of raw materials and finished goods imported from outside of the U.S. Additionally, the Company anticipates that some of its suppliers will incur incremental tariff-related costs, which may be passed on to the Company. The ultimate impact of changes to tariffs or trade barriers will depend on various factors, including the timing, amount, scope, and nature of any tariffs or trade barriers that are implemented.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In July 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2025-05, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets (“ASU 2025-05”), which provides a practical expedient and an accounting policy election related to the estimation of expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets. The Company adopted ASU 2025-05 effective January 1, 2026, on a prospective basis. In connection with this adoption, the Company elected to apply the practical expedient
6
permitted by the standard, which assumes that current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change for the remaining life of the assets. The adoption of ASU 2025-05 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”), which requires disclosure about the types of costs and expenses included in certain expense captions presented on the income statement. The new disclosure requirements are effective for the Company’s annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of this pronouncement on its related disclosures.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software (“ASU 2025-06”), which modernizes the accounting for internal-use software costs. ASU 2025-06 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted as of the beginning of an annual period. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of this pronouncement on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
No other recently adopted or issued accounting pronouncements had, or are expected to have, a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 3. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Investments
The following tables summarize the Company’s cash and available-for-sale debt securities’ amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses, allowance for credit loss, and fair value by significant investment category reported as cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, or long-term investments (in millions):
| As of June 30, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reported as: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Allowance for Credit Loss | Fair Value | Cash and Cash Equivalents | Short- term Investments | Long- term Investments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | $ | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. treasuries | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Level 2(1): | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government agencies | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets measured at fair value | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
7
| As of December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reported as: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Allowance for Credit Loss | Fair Value | Cash and Cash Equivalents | Short- term Investments | Long- term Investments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | $ | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. treasuries | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Level 2(1): | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government agencies | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets measured at fair value | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) When sufficient quoted pricing for identical securities is not available, the Company uses market pricing and other observable inputs for similar securities from various third-party data providers. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table summarizes the contractual maturities of the Company’s cash equivalents and available-for-sale debt securities, excluding money market funds (in millions):
| As of June 30, 2026 | |||||||||||
| Amortized Cost | Fair Value | ||||||||||
| Mature in less than one year | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Mature in one to five years | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||
Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities, because certain borrowers have the right to call or prepay certain obligations. Gross realized gains and losses recognized on the sale of investments were immaterial
The following tables present the breakdown of the available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses (in millions):
| As of June 30, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized losses less than 12 months | Unrealized losses 12 months or greater | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. treasuries | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government agencies | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized losses less than 12 months | Unrealized losses 12 months or greater | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. treasuries | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government agencies | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8
The Company regularly reviews the securities in an unrealized loss position and evaluates the current expected credit loss by considering factors such as historical experience, market data, financial condition and near-term prospects of the investee, the extent of the loss related to the credit of the issuer, and the expected cash flows from the security. The Company segments its portfolio based on the underlying risk profiles of the securities and has a zero-loss expectation for U.S. treasury and U.S. government agency securities. The basis for this assumption is that these securities have consistently high credit ratings by rating agencies, have a long history with no credit losses, are explicitly guaranteed by a sovereign entity, which can print its own currency, and are denominated in a currency that is routinely held by central banks, used in international commerce, and commonly viewed as a reserve currency. Additionally, all of the Company’s investments in corporate debt securities are in securities with high-quality credit ratings, which have historically experienced low rates of default.
The current unrealized losses on the Company’s available-for-sale debt securities were caused by interest rate increases. The contractual terms of those investments do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than the amortized cost basis of the investments. As of June 30, 2026, the Company does not intend to sell the investments in unrealized loss positions, and it is not more-likely-than-not that the Company will be required to sell any of the investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity. Therefore, the Company does not expect to realize any losses on these available-for-sale debt securities. Additional factors considered in determining the treatment of unrealized losses include the financial condition and near-term prospects of the investee, the extent of the loss related to the credit of the issuer, and the expected cash flows from the security.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities were not material.
Equity Investments
The Company’s equity investments may, at any time, consist of equity investments with and without readily determinable fair values. The Company generally recognizes equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer.
The following table is a summary of the activity related to equity investments (in millions):
| Reported as: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2025 Carrying Value | Changes in Fair Value (1) | Purchases / Sales / Other (2) | June 30, 2026 Carrying Value | Prepaids and other current assets | Intangible and other assets, net | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity investments without readily determinable fair value | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Recorded in interest and other income, net. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(2) Other includes foreign currency translation gains/(losses). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
During the six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company did not hold any equity investments with readily determinable fair values (Level 1).
Foreign Currency Derivatives
The objective of the Company’s hedging program is to mitigate the impact of changes in currency exchange rates on net cash flow from foreign currency-denominated sales, expenses, intercompany balances, and other monetary assets or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar (“USD”). The terms of the Company’s derivative contracts are generally thirteen months or shorter. The derivative assets and liabilities are measured using Level 2 fair value inputs.
Cash Flow Hedges
The Company enters into currency forward contracts as cash flow hedges to hedge certain forecasted revenue transactions denominated in currencies other than the USD, primarily the Euro (“EUR”), the Japanese Yen (“JPY”), the Korean Won (“KRW”), the British Pound (“GBP”), the New Taiwan Dollar (“TWD”), the Indian Rupee (“INR”), and the Canadian Dollar (“CAD”). The Company also enters into currency forward contracts as cash flow hedges to hedge certain forecasted expense transactions denominated in the Swiss Franc (“CHF”) and in EUR.
For these derivatives, the Company reports the unrealized after-tax gain or loss from the hedge as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity and reclassifies the amount into earnings in the same period in which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The amounts reclassified to revenue and expenses related to the hedged transactions and the ineffective portions of cash flow hedges were not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025.
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Other Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Other derivatives not designated as hedging instruments consist primarily of forward contracts that the Company uses to hedge intercompany balances and other monetary assets or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the USD, primarily the EUR, JPY, KRW, INR, TWD, GBP, CHF, the Chinese Yuan (“CNY”), and the Mexican Peso (“MXN”).
These derivative instruments are used to hedge against balance sheet foreign currency exposures. The related gains and losses were as follows (in millions):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Recognized gains (losses) in interest and other income, net | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange gains (losses) related to balance sheet re-measurement | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||
The notional amounts for derivative instruments provide one measure of the transaction volume. Total gross notional amounts (in USD) for outstanding derivatives and the aggregate gross fair value at the end of each period were as follows (in millions):
| Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments | Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Notional amounts: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forward contracts | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gross fair value recorded in: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prepaids and other current assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
NOTE 4. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENT DETAILS
Balance Sheet Details
The following tables provide details of selected Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet line items (in millions):
| As of | |||||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||
| Trade accounts receivable, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Unbilled accounts receivable and other | |||||||||||
| Sales returns and allowances | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total accounts receivable, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
| As of | |||||||||||
| Inventory | June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||
| Raw materials | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Work-in-process | |||||||||||
| Finished goods | |||||||||||
| Total inventory | $ | $ | |||||||||
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| As of | |||||||||||
| Prepaids and other current assets | June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||
| Net investment in sales-type leases – short-term | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Prepaid taxes | |||||||||||
| Other prepaids and other current assets | |||||||||||
| Total prepaids and other current assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| As of | |||||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities – short-term | June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||
| Income and other taxes payable | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accrued construction-related capital expenditures | |||||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total other accrued liabilities – short-term | $ | $ | |||||||||
| As of | |||||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||
Income taxes payable – long-term | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue – long-term | |||||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total other long-term liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
Restricted Cash
Amounts included in restricted cash primarily relate to the Company’s insurance programs and certain employee-related benefits. The following table provides details of total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as of the periods presented (in millions):
| As of | |||||||||||
| June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
Restricted cash within other current assets | |||||||||||
Restricted cash within other assets | |||||||||||
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | $ | $ | |||||||||
11
NOTE 5. REVENUE
Revenue from external customers is attributed to individual countries based on customer location. The following table presents revenue disaggregated by geography and type (in millions):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Instruments and accessories | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Systems | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total U.S. revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Outside of the U.S. (“OUS”) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Instruments and accessories | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Systems | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total OUS revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Instruments and accessories | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Systems | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Remaining Performance Obligations
The transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations relates to amounts allocated to products and services for which revenue has not yet been recognized. A significant portion of these performance obligations relate to service obligations in the Company’s system sale and lease arrangements that will be satisfied and recognized as revenue in future periods. The transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations was $3.4 billion as of June 30, 2026. The remaining performance obligations are expected to be satisfied over the term of the system sale, lease, and service arrangements. Approximately half of the remaining performance obligations are expected to be recognized in the next 12 months, with the remainder recognized thereafter over the term of the system sale, lease, and service arrangements, which are generally up to 5 years.
Contract Assets and Liabilities
The following information summarizes the Company’s contract assets and liabilities (in millions):
| As of | |||||||||||
| June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||
| Contract assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
Deferred revenue (1) | $ | $ | |||||||||
(1) On March 1, 2026, in connection with the acquisition of a business, the Company acquired deferred revenue of $ | |||||||||||
Contract assets for the periods presented primarily represent the difference between the revenue that was recognized based on the relative standalone selling price of the related performance obligations satisfied and the contractual billing terms in the arrangements. The Company did not have significant impairment losses on its contract assets for any of the periods presented.
The Company invoices its customers based on the billing schedules in its sales arrangements. Payments are generally due 30 to 60 days from the date of invoice.
Deferred revenue for the periods presented primarily relates to service contracts where the service fees are billed upfront, generally quarterly or annually, prior to those services having been performed. The associated deferred revenue is generally recognized over the term of the service period.
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During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company recognized $147 million and $381 million of revenue, respectively, that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2025. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recognized $126 million and $324 million of revenue, respectively, that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2024.
Intuitive System Leasing
The following table presents product revenue from Intuitive System Leasing arrangements (in millions):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales-type lease revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease revenue* | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| *Variable lease revenue included within operating lease revenue, primarily related to usage-based arrangements | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Trade Accounts Receivable
The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on the Company’s assessment of the collectibility of customer accounts. The Company regularly reviews the allowance by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, age of the accounts receivable balances, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, bad debt expense was not material.
The Company’s exposure to credit losses may increase if its customers are adversely affected by changes in healthcare laws, procedure coverage and reimbursement, economic pressures or uncertainty associated with local or global economic recessions, or other customer-specific factors. Although the Company has historically not experienced significant credit losses, it is possible that there could be a material adverse impact from potential adjustments of the carrying amount of lease and trade receivables as hospital cash flows are impacted by macroeconomic factors, including inflation, tariffs, high interest rates, and staffing shortages.
NOTE 6. LEASES
Lessor Information related to Intuitive System Leasing
Sales-type Leases. Lease receivables relating to sales-type lease arrangements are presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows (in millions):
| As of | |||||||||||
| June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||
| Gross lease receivables | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Unearned income | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Subtotal | |||||||||||
| Allowance for credit loss | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net investment in sales-type leases | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Reported as: | |||||||||||
| Prepaids and other current assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Intangible and other assets, net | |||||||||||
Net investment in sales-type leases (1) | $ | $ | |||||||||
(1) On March 1, 2026, in connection with the acquisition of a business, the Company acquired a total of $ | |||||||||||
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Contractual maturities of gross lease receivables as of June 30, 2026, are as follows (in millions):
| Fiscal Year | Amount | ||||
Remainder of 2026 | $ | ||||
| 2027 | |||||
| 2028 | |||||
| 2029 | |||||
| 2030 | |||||
| 2031 and thereafter | |||||
| Total | $ | ||||
The Company enters into sales-type leases with certain qualified customers to purchase its systems. Sales-type leases have terms that generally range from 24 to 84 months and are usually collateralized by a security interest in the underlying assets. The allowance for loan loss is based on the Company’s assessment of the current expected lifetime loss on lease receivables. The Company regularly reviews the allowance by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, age of the lease receivable balances, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. Lease receivables are considered past due 90 days after invoice due date.
The Company manages the credit risk of the net investment in sales-type leases using a number of factors relating to its customers, including, but not limited to, the following: size of operations; profitability, liquidity, and debt ratios; payment history; and past due amounts. The Company also uses credit scores obtained from external providers as a key indicator for the purposes of determining credit quality. The following table summarizes the amortized cost basis by year of origination and by credit quality for the net investment in sales-type leases as of June 30, 2026 (in millions):
| 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | Prior | Net Investment | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit Rating: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| High | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Moderate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Low | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, credit losses related to the net investment in sales-type leases were not material.
NOTE 7. BUSINESS COMBINATION, GOODWILL, AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Business Combination
Acquisition of ab medica, Abex, Excelencia Robótica, and their Affiliates
On March 1, 2026, Intuitive acquired the da Vinci and Ion distribution businesses previously operated by ab medica, Abex, Excelencia Robótica, and their affiliates for approximately $533.1 million in cash, net of the effective settlement of existing receivables of $32.6 million. No gain or loss was recognized upon settlement, as amounts were stated at fair value. As a result of the acquisition, Intuitive assumed direct distribution responsibilities for Italy, Spain, Portugal, Malta, San Marino, and associated territories.
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The preliminary purchase consideration allocation has been updated for measurement period adjustments identified as of June 30, 2026. The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were as follows (in millions):
Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accounts receivable, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other acquired current assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Property, plant, and equipment, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Intangible and other assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets acquired | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and other current liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred tax liabilities – long-term | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other long-term liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities assumed | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The purchase consideration was allocated to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date, with the excess recorded to goodwill. The fair value of certain assets acquired and liabilities assumed are subject to change over the measurement period as additional information is received. During the three months ended June 30, 2026, the Company recorded an immaterial receivable related to a preliminary adjustment to the purchase consideration. The Company expects to finalize the allocation of purchase consideration as soon as practicable and no later than one year from the acquisition date.
The following table summarizes the components of the intangible assets acquired and their estimated weighted-average useful lives (in millions, except years):
| Estimated Fair Values | Weighted-Average Useful Lives (in Years) | |||||||
| Customer relationships | $ | |||||||
Reacquired distribution rights | ||||||||
| Non-compete agreements | ||||||||
| Total acquisition-related intangible assets | $ | |||||||
The goodwill recognized is primarily attributable to the assembled workforce acquired, expected operational synergies, and the strategic benefits of establishing a direct commercial presence in the applicable geographic market. The goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes.
The pro forma financial information assuming the acquisition had occurred as of the beginning of the calendar year prior to the year of acquisition, as well as the revenue and earnings generated during the current year, were not significant for disclosure purposes.
Goodwill
The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the period presented (in millions):
| Amount | |||||
Balance as of December 31, 2025 | $ | ||||
| Acquisition activity | |||||
| Foreign currency translation and other activity | ( | ||||
Balance as of June 30, 2026 | $ | ||||
15
Intangible Assets
The following table summarizes the components of gross intangible assets, accumulated amortization, and net intangible assets balances (in millions):
| As of June 30, 2026 | As of December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net Carrying Amount | Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net Carrying Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Patents and developed technology | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer relationships | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distribution rights and others | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total definite-lived intangible assets | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In-process research and development | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total intangible assets | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $24.0 million and $3.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, respectively. Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $31.1 million and $6.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, respectively.
The estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets as of June 30, 2026, is as follows (in millions):
| Fiscal Year | Amount | ||||
Remainder of 2026 | $ | ||||
| 2027 | |||||
| 2028 | |||||
| 2029 | |||||
| 2030 | |||||
| 2031 and thereafter | |||||
| Total | $ | ||||
The preceding expected amortization expense is an estimate. Actual amounts of amortization expense may differ from estimated amounts due to additional intangible asset acquisitions, measurement-period adjustments to intangible assets, changes in foreign currency exchange rates, impairments of intangible assets, accelerated amortization of intangible assets, and other events.
NOTE 8. CONTINGENCIES
From time to time, the Company is involved in a variety of claims, lawsuits, investigations, and proceedings relating to securities laws, product liability, intellectual property, commercial, insurance, contract disputes, employment, and other matters. Certain of these lawsuits and claims are described in further detail below. It is not possible to predict what the outcome of these matters will be, and the Company cannot guarantee that any resolution will be reached on commercially reasonable terms, if at all.
A liability and related charge to earnings are recorded in the Financial Statements for legal contingencies when the loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. The assessment is re-evaluated each accounting period and is based on all available information, including the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other information and events pertaining to each case. Nevertheless, it is possible that additional future legal costs (including settlements, judgments, legal fees, and other related defense costs) could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, or future results of operations.
Product Liability Litigation
The Company is currently named as a defendant in a number of individual product liability lawsuits filed in various state and federal courts. The plaintiffs generally allege that they or a family member underwent surgical procedures that utilized the da Vinci surgical system and sustained a variety of personal injuries and, in some cases, death as a result of such surgery.
The cases raise a variety of allegations including, to varying degrees, that plaintiffs’ injuries resulted from purported defects in the da Vinci surgical system and/or failure on the Company’s part to provide adequate training resources to the healthcare professionals who performed plaintiffs’ surgeries. The cases further allege that the Company failed to adequately
16
disclose and/or misrepresented the potential risks and/or benefits of the da Vinci surgical system. Plaintiffs also assert a variety of causes of action, including, for example, strict liability based on purported design defects, negligence, fraud, breach of express and implied warranties, unjust enrichment, and loss of consortium. Plaintiffs seek recovery for alleged personal injuries and, in many cases, punitive damages. The Company disputes these allegations and is defending against these claims.
The Company’s estimate of the anticipated cost of resolving the pending cases is based on negotiations with attorneys for the claimants. The final outcome of the pending lawsuits and claims, and others that might arise, is dependent on many variables that are difficult to predict, and the ultimate cost associated with these product liability lawsuits and claims may be materially different than the amount of the current estimate and accruals and could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, or future results of operations. Although there is a reasonable possibility that a loss in excess of the amount recognized exists, the Company is unable to estimate the possible loss or range of loss in excess of the amount recognized at this time.
Commercial Litigation
On May 10, 2021, Surgical Instrument Service Company, Inc. (“SIS”) filed a complaint in the Northern District of California Court alleging antitrust claims against the Company relating to EndoWrist service, maintenance, and repair processes. The Court granted in part and denied in part the Company’s Motion to Dismiss, and discovery has commenced. The Company filed an answer denying the antitrust allegations and filed counterclaims against SIS. The counterclaims allege that SIS violated the Federal Lanham Act, California’s Unfair Competition Law, and California’s False Advertising Law and that SIS is also liable to the Company for Unfair Competition and Tortious Interference with Contract. The parties filed summary judgment motions, and the Court held a hearing on these motions on September 7, 2023.
On March 31, 2024, the Court granted-in-part and denied-in-part both Intuitive’s and plaintiff’s motions for summary judgment. Trial in this matter commenced on January 6, 2025. On January 28, 2025, after the close of both plaintiff’s and Intuitive’s cases in chief, the Court found in Intuitive’s favor on all of SIS’s antitrust claims and stayed Intuitive’s counterclaims. On February 27, 2025, SIS filed a Notice of Appeal to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. SIS filed its brief on July 23, 2025. The Company filed its response brief on October 29, 2025. SIS filed its reply brief on December 26, 2025. Oral argument took place on June 25, 2026. Based on currently available information, the Company is unable to make a reasonable estimate of loss or range of losses, if any, arising from this matter.
With regard to this class action case, on September 7, 2023, the Court heard argument on the parties’ respective motions for summary judgment and motions related to expert testimony. On March 31, 2024, the Court granted-in-part and denied-in-part plaintiffs’ motion for summary judgment on certain market definition issues and denied Intuitive’s motion on the antitrust claims. In denying Intuitive’s motion, the Court declined to decide whether third-party companies were required to obtain 510(k) clearance for their services with respect to EndoWrist instruments, and in the absence of a formal ruling from the FDA on that question denied Intuitive’s motion for summary judgment challenging plaintiffs’ standing on that ground. There were additional rulings on the expert witness issues as well. In the summary judgment order, the Court ruled with plaintiffs that the da Vinci robot and EndoWrist instruments occupy separate product markets for antitrust purposes. The Court also ruled that there is an antitrust aftermarket for the repair and replacement of EndoWrist instruments, and that Intuitive holds monopoly power in that aftermarket. The Court denied summary judgment for plaintiffs on the issue of whether soft-tissue surgical robots constitute a relevant antitrust market or are part of a larger market that includes laparoscopic and open surgery for antitrust purposes. On July 30, 2024, the Court granted Intuitive’s motion for reconsideration, vacating those portions of the Court’s March 31, 2024, Order granting summary judgment as to the definition of a U.S. market for EndoWrist instrument repair and replacement and Intuitive’s market power in such a market. On March 31, 2025, the Court granted plaintiff’s motion for class certification. The Court entered a scheduling order setting trial for September 14, 2027. Based on currently available information, the Company is unable to make a reasonable estimate of loss or range of losses, if any, arising from this matter.
On September 18, 2024, Restore Robotics Repairs (“Restore”) filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida alleging antitrust claims against the Company relating to the service and replacement of X/Xi EndoWrist instruments for use with the da Vinci X and Xi surgical systems. On December 9, 2024, Intuitive filed a motion to dismiss to which plaintiff responded by amending its complaint. Intuitive filed a motion to dismiss the first amended complaint
17
on January 31, 2025. Plaintiff filed an opposition to Intuitive’s motion to dismiss on February 14, 2025, and Intuitive filed a reply on March 26, 2025. On November 7, 2025, the Court entered an Order granting Intuitive’s motion to dismiss. Plaintiff filed its notice of appeal to the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals on November 29, 2025. Restore’s initial brief was filed on February 11, 2026. Intuitive’s response was filed on May 13, 2026. Restore’s reply brief was filed on July 6, 2026. Based on currently available information, the Company is unable to make a reasonable estimate of loss or range of losses, if any, arising from this matter.
NOTE 9. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Stockholders’ Equity
The following tables present the changes in stockholders’ equity (in millions):
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Total Intuitive Surgical, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity | Noncontrolling Interest in Joint Venture | Total Stockholders’ Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock through employee stock plans | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares withheld related to net share settlement of equity awards | — | ( | ( | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense related to employee stock plans | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase and retirement of common stock | ( | — | ( | ( | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Intuitive Surgical, Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in joint venture | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Total Intuitive Surgical, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity | Noncontrolling Interest in Joint Venture | Total Stockholders’ Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Beginning balance | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock through employee stock plans | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares withheld related to net share settlement of equity awards | ( | — | ( | ( | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense related to employee stock plans | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase and retirement of common stock | ( | — | ( | ( | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Intuitive Surgical, Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in joint venture | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ending balance | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18
| Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Total Intuitive Surgical, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity | Noncontrolling Interest in Joint Venture | Total Stockholders’ Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Beginning balance | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock through employee stock plans | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares withheld related to net share settlement of equity awards | ( | — | ( | ( | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense related to employee stock plans | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase and retirement of common stock | ( | — | ( | ( | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Intuitive Surgical, Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in joint venture | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ending balance | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Total Intuitive Surgical, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity | Noncontrolling Interest in Joint Venture | Total Stockholders’ Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Beginning balance | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock through employee stock plans | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares withheld related to net share settlement of equity awards | ( | — | ( | ( | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense related to employee stock plans | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase and retirement of common stock | ( | — | ( | ( | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Intuitive Surgical, Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in joint venture | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ending balance | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock Repurchase Program
Through June 30, 2026, the Board of Directors (the “Board”) has authorized an aggregate of $17.4 billion of funding for the Company’s common stock repurchase program (the “Repurchase Program”) since its establishment in March 2009. The most recent authorization occurred in April 2026, when the Board increased the authorized amount available under the Repurchase Program to $5.0 billion, including amounts remaining under previous authorizations. As of June 30, 2026, the remaining amount of share repurchases authorized by the Board under the Repurchase Program was approximately $4.7 billion.
The following table summarizes stock repurchase activities (in millions, except per share amounts):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares repurchased | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average price per share | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Value of shares repurchased | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
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The Company is subject to an excise tax on corporate stock repurchases, which is assessed as one percent of the fair market value of net stock repurchases. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, accrued excise taxes related to share repurchases were not material.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Attributable to Intuitive Surgical, Inc.
The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, attributable to Intuitive Surgical, Inc. are as follows (in millions):
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gains on Hedge Instruments | Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities | Foreign Currency Translation Gains | Employee Benefit Plans | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gains (Losses) on Hedge Instruments | Unrealized Gains on Available-for-Sale Securities | Foreign Currency Translation Gains (Losses) | Employee Benefit Plans | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gains on Hedge Instruments | Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities | Foreign Currency Translation Gains | Employee Benefit Plans | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gains (Losses) on Hedge Instruments | Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities | Foreign Currency Translation Gains (Losses) | Employee Benefit Plans | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
The tax impacts for amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications and reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income relating to hedge instruments, available-for-sale securities, foreign currency translation gains (losses), and employee benefit plans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, were not material to the Company’s Financial Statements.
NOTE 10. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
In April 2026, the Company’s shareholders approved an amended and restated 2010 Incentive Award Plan to provide for an increase in the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance thereunder from 120,350,000 to 125,350,000 . As of June 30, 2026, approximately 23.2 million shares were reserved for future issuance under the Company’s stock plans, and a maximum of approximately 10.1 million of these shares can be awarded as restricted stock units (“RSUs”).
Restricted Stock Units
RSU activity under all stock plans for the six months ended June 30, 2026, was as follows (in millions, except per share amounts):
| Shares | Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value | ||||||||||
Unvested balance as of December 31, 2025 | $ | ||||||||||
| RSUs granted | $ | ||||||||||
| RSUs vested | ( | $ | |||||||||
| RSUs forfeited | ( | $ | |||||||||
Unvested balance as of June 30, 2026 | $ | ||||||||||
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Stock Options
Stock option activity under all stock plans for the six months ended June 30, 2026, was as follows (in millions, except per share amounts):
Stock Options Outstanding | Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share | |||||||||||||
Outstanding balance as of December 31, 2025 | $ | |||||||||||||
| Options granted | $ | |||||||||||||
| Options exercised | ( | $ | ||||||||||||
Options forfeited or expired | $ | |||||||||||||
Outstanding balance as of June 30, 2026 | $ | |||||||||||||
As of June 30, 2026, options to purchase an aggregate of 4.5 million shares of common stock were exercisable at a weighted-average price of $212.79 per share.
Performance Stock Units
The Company grants performance stock units (“PSUs”) to officers and other key employees subject to three-year cliff vesting and pre-established, quantitative goals. Whether any PSUs vest, and the amount that do vest, is tied to completion of service over three years and the achievement of three equally-weighted, quantitative goals that directly align with or help drive the Company’s strategy and long-term total shareholder return.
For the six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company had four types of PSU awards: the 2023 PSU awards, the 2024 PSU awards, the 2025 PSU awards, and the 2026 PSU awards. The 2023 PSU grant metrics were focused on relative total shareholder return (“TSR”), da Vinci and Ion procedure growth in 2024 compared to 2022, and da Vinci and Ion procedure growth in 2025 compared to 2022. The 2023 PSU awards vested in the first quarter of 2026. The 2024 PSU grant metrics are focused on relative TSR, da Vinci and Ion procedure growth in 2025 compared to 2023, and da Vinci and Ion procedure growth in 2026 compared to 2023. The 2025 PSU grant metrics are focused on relative adjusted operating margin as compared to selected peers, da Vinci and Ion procedure growth in 2026 compared to 2024, and da Vinci and Ion procedure growth in 2027 compared to 2024. The 2026 PSU grant metrics are focused on relative adjusted operating margin as compared to selected peers, total procedure growth in 2027 compared to 2025, and total procedure growth in 2028 compared to 2025.
The TSR metric used in the 2023 and 2024 PSU awards is considered a market condition, and the expense is determined at the grant date. The procedure growth and relative adjusted operating margin metrics are considered performance conditions, and the expense is recorded based on the forecasted performance, which is reassessed each reporting period based on the probability of achieving the performance conditions. The number of shares earned at the end of the three-year period will vary, based on actual performance, from 0 % to 125 % of the target number of PSUs granted. PSUs are subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to the vesting date. PSUs are not considered issued or outstanding shares of the Company.
The Company calculates the fair value for each component of the PSUs individually. The fair value for the component with the TSR metric was determined using Monte Carlo simulation. The fair value per share for the components with the procedure growth metrics is equal to the closing stock price on the grant date.
PSU activity for the six months ended June 30, 2026, was as follows (in millions, except per share amounts):
Shares | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share | |||||||||||||
| Unvested balance as of December 31, 2025 | $ | |||||||||||||
| Granted | $ | |||||||||||||
| Vested | ( | $ | ||||||||||||
| Performance change | $ | |||||||||||||
| Forfeited | $ | |||||||||||||
| Unvested balance as of June 30, 2026 | $ | |||||||||||||
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Under the Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), employees purchased approximately 0.2 million shares for $83.2 million and approximately 0.2 million shares for $75.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, respectively.
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Share-Based Compensation Expense
The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense (in millions):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue – product | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue – service | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total cost of revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general, and administrative | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense before income taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax benefit | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense after income taxes | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense capitalized to the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets during the three months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025 was $32.9 million and $31.3 million, respectively. Share-based compensation expense capitalized to our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets during the six months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025 was $67.8 million and $59.8 million, respectively.
The fair value of each right to acquire stock granted under the ESPP was estimated using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ESPP | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected term (in years) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected volatility | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value at grant date | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
NOTE 11. INCOME TAXES
Income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2026, was $231.4 million, or 21.9 % of income before taxes, compared to $167.9 million, or 20.2 % of income before taxes, for the three months ended June 30, 2025. Income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2026, was $345.8 million, or 17.3 % of income before taxes, compared to $132.7 million, or 8.8 % of income before taxes, for the six months ended June 30, 2025.
The effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2026, differed from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to state income taxes and taxes on foreign earnings, partially offset by excess tax benefits associated with employee equity plans and the federal research and development credit benefit.
The Company’s provision for income taxes for the three months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, included excess tax benefits associated with employee equity plans of $17.3 million and $32.9 million, respectively, which reduced the Company’s effective tax rate by 1.6 and 4.0 percentage points, respectively. The provision for income taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, included excess tax benefits associated with employee equity plans of $90.6 million and $178.3 million, respectively, which reduced the Company’s effective tax rate by 4.5 and 11.9 percentage points, respectively.
The Company files federal, state, and foreign income tax returns in many jurisdictions in the U.S. and OUS. Years before 2020 are considered closed for significant jurisdictions. Certain of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits could change due to activities of various tax authorities, including evolving interpretations of existing tax laws in the jurisdictions in which the Company operates, potential assessment of additional tax, possible settlement of audits, or through normal expiration of various statutes of limitations, which could affect the Company’s effective tax rate in the period in which they change.
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The Company is subject to the examination of its income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities. The outcome of these audits cannot be predicted with certainty. The Company’s management regularly assesses the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of the Company’s provision for income taxes. If any issues addressed in the Company’s tax audits are resolved in a manner not consistent with management’s expectations, the Company could be required to adjust its provision for income taxes in the period such resolution occurs.
NOTE 12. NET INCOME PER SHARE
The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted net income per share attributable to Intuitive Surgical, Inc. (in millions, except per share amounts):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Numerator: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Intuitive Surgical, Inc. | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Denominator: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average shares outstanding used in basic calculation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Add: dilutive effect of potential common shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average shares outstanding used in diluted calculation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income per share attributable to Intuitive Surgical, Inc.: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation awards of approximately 3.0 million and 1.5 million shares for the three months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, respectively, and approximately 1.6 million and 1.1 million shares for the six months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, respectively, were outstanding but were not included in the computation of diluted net income per share attributable to Intuitive Surgical, Inc. common stockholders, because the effect of including such shares would have been anti-dilutive in the periods presented.
NOTE 13. SEGMENT INFORMATION
Intuitive is committed to advancing minimally invasive care through a comprehensive ecosystem of products and services. This connected ecosystem includes systems, instruments and accessories, learning, and services connected by a digital portfolio that enables actionable digital insights across the care continuum. The systems, as well as the instruments and accessories, are primarily developed and manufactured by the Company. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, domestic revenue accounted for 67 % and 66 %, respectively, while revenue from the Company’s OUS markets accounted for 33 % and 34 % of total revenue, respectively. For both the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, domestic revenue accounted for 67 % of total revenue, while revenue from the Company’s OUS markets accounted for 33 % of total revenue. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, no individual country other than the U.S. accounted for 10% or more of total revenue. The Company manages the business activities on a consolidated basis and operates in one
The Company’s Chief Executive Officer is the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”). The CODM utilizes the Company’s long-range plan, which includes product development roadmaps and long-range financial models, as a key input to resource allocation. The CODM makes decisions on resource allocation, assesses performance of the business, and monitors budget versus actual results using income from operations. Net income is also a measure that is considered in monitoring budget versus actual results.
Significant expenses within income from operations, as well as within net income, include cost of revenue, research and development, and selling, general, and administrative expenses, which are each separately presented on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Other segment items within net income include interest and other income, net, and income tax expense.
The Company’s long-lived assets consist primarily of property, plant, and equipment, net. As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, 80 % of long-lived assets were in the U.S. As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, no individual country other than the U.S. accounted for 10% or more of these assets.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following management’s discussion and analysis is provided in addition to the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto. Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition as of June 30, 2026, and results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, should be read in conjunction with management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.
We refer to the years ending December 31, 2026, 2025, and 2024 as “2026,” “2025,” and “2024,” respectively.
Period-over-period changes are calculated based upon the respective underlying non-rounded data. Unless the context requires otherwise, we are referring to Intuitive Surgical, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries when we use the terms “Intuitive,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us.”
Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements relate to expectations concerning matters that are not historical facts. Statements using words such as “estimates,” “projects,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “commit,” “would,” “seek,” “potential,” “targeted,” and similar words and expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to the following: statements related to future results of operations; future financial condition; the goals we share with our customers, including improving patient outcomes; our financing plans and future capital requirements; our potential tax assets or liabilities; statements based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, projections, and assumptions about the economies and geographic markets in which we operate; our beliefs and assumptions regarding these economies and markets; expectations regarding future procedure volumes and adoption rates; anticipated future depreciation, amortization, and research and development expenses; expectations regarding future system placements, including the factors that may impact such placements; statements regarding competition and competitive dynamics; expectations regarding the timing and receipt of regulatory clearances, approvals, and certifications; expectations regarding the integration of acquisitions, including the transition to a direct sales model in certain markets; statements regarding the expansion of our product offerings and commercialization of new products; expectations regarding future lease buyout activity; and expectations regarding our liquidity and capital expenditures. These forward-looking statements are necessarily estimates reflecting the judgment of our management and involve a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements should be considered in light of various important factors, including, but not limited to, the following: the overall macroeconomic environment, which may impact customer spending and our costs, including tariffs, the levels of inflation, and interest rates; the conflict in Ukraine; conflicts in the Middle East, including Israel and Iran; disruption to our supply chain, including increased difficulties in obtaining a sufficient supply of materials; curtailed or delayed capital spending by hospitals; the impact of global and regional economic and credit market conditions on healthcare spending; delays in obtaining new product approvals, clearances, or certifications from the United States (“U.S.”) Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), comparable regulatory authorities, or notified bodies; the risk of our inability to comply with complex FDA and other regulations, which may result in significant enforcement actions; regulatory approvals, clearances, certifications, and restrictions or any dispute that may occur with any regulatory body; healthcare reform legislation in the U.S. and its impact on hospital spending, reimbursement, and fees levied on certain medical device revenues; changes in hospital admissions and actions by payers to limit or manage surgical procedures; the timing and success of product development and customer acceptance of developed products; the results of any collaborations, in-licensing arrangements, joint ventures, strategic alliances, or partnerships, including the joint venture with Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical (Group) Co., Ltd.; our completion of and ability to successfully integrate acquisitions, including the recently completed acquisition of the da Vinci and Ion distribution businesses in Italy, Spain, and Portugal and the transition from a distributor to a direct sales model in those markets; intellectual property positions and litigation; competition from companies offering alternative surgical approaches or robotic-assisted surgical systems, including domestic competitors in certain geographic markets, such as China; risks associated with our operations and any expansion outside of the U.S.; unanticipated manufacturing disruptions or the inability to meet demand for products; our reliance on sole- and single-sourced suppliers; the results of legal proceedings to which we are or may become a party; adverse publicity regarding us and the safety of our products and adequacy of training; the impact of changes to tax legislation, guidance, and interpretations; changes in tariffs, trade barriers, and regulatory requirements (including changes to tariffs imposed by the U.S. on imports from various countries, including Mexico, where we currently manufacture a significant majority of our instruments and accessories, Germany, where we currently manufacture a majority of our endoscopes, and China, where we currently import certain materials); hospital staffing constraints and labor availability; cybersecurity risks, including risks to our supply chain; and other risks and uncertainties, including those listed under the caption “Risk Factors.” Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report and which are based on current
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expectations and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict, including those risk factors described throughout this filing and identified under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, as updated by our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Our actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statement, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update or release any revisions to these forward-looking statements, except as required by law.
Trademarks
Product and brand names and logos, including Intuitive, da Vinci, and Ion, are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intuitive Surgical, Inc. or one of its subsidiaries or of their respective owners. Additional information about our trademarks can be found on our website at www.intuitive.com/trademarks. Although we reference our trademarks located on our website, this list of trademarks and any other materials on our corporate website are not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-Q or any of our other filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act.
Overview
As part of our mission, we believe that minimally invasive care is life-enhancing care. Since our founding over 30 years ago, we have been delivering on this mission by combining innovative technology with clinical expertise to advance minimally invasive care. We do so by providing a comprehensive ecosystem that includes robotic-assisted systems, instruments and accessories, customer learning, and support services all connected by a digital portfolio that enables actionable insights across the care continuum.
To ensure continued alignment with the patients and healthcare communities we serve, we have adopted the Quintuple Aim as our “north star.” Starting foremost with a focus on patients, we seek to demonstrate that our products can deliver better outcomes that are validated by rigorous peer-reviewed evidence. Second, we aim to work with clinicians and care teams to create better patient experiences that enable patients to more quickly get back to what matters most in their lives, with fewer complications, less pain and discomfort, and greater predictability. Third, we aim to enable the care teams who use our platforms and technology-enabled ecosystem to have better experiences that augment their skills while reducing fatigue and increasing efficiency and reliability. Fourth, we aim to help lower the total cost of care per patient episode when compared with existing treatment alternatives, providing a return on investment for hospitals and healthcare systems and value for payers. Lastly, we aim to expand access to high-quality minimally invasive care by partnering with hospitals, healthcare systems, and patient advocacy groups to address barriers to care.
Open surgery remains a prevalent form of surgery and is used in almost every area of the body. However, the large incisions required for open surgery create trauma to patients, typically resulting in longer hospitalization and recovery times, increased hospitalization costs, and additional pain and suffering relative to minimally invasive surgery (“MIS”), where MIS is available. For over four decades, MIS has reduced trauma to patients by allowing selected surgeries to be performed through small ports rather than large incisions. MIS has been widely adopted for certain surgical procedures.
Da Vinci surgical systems enable surgeons to extend the benefits of MIS to many patients who would otherwise undergo a more invasive surgery. Our da Vinci surgical systems are designed to address certain limitations of traditional open surgical or conventional MIS approaches through enhancements in visualization, precision, and ergonomics. Our da Vinci products fall into five broad categories: da Vinci surgical systems, da Vinci instruments and accessories, da Vinci stapling, da Vinci energy, and da Vinci vision. We provide a comprehensive suite of systems, learning, and services offerings that are digitally enabled and aim to reduce variability by providing dependable, consistent functionality and an integrated user experience. We have a global network of field service engineers and distributors through which we deliver a suite of services, including installation, repair, maintenance, around-the-clock technical support, and system monitoring. We also offer customized analytics and consultation to hospitals for program optimization.
We have commercialized the following da Vinci surgical systems: the da Vinci standard surgical system in 1999, the da Vinci S surgical system in 2006, the da Vinci Si surgical system in 2009, the fourth-generation da Vinci Xi surgical system in 2014, and the fifth-generation da Vinci 5 surgical system in 2024. We extended our fourth-generation platform by adding the da Vinci X surgical system, commercialized in 2017 and targeted at more cost-sensitive geographic markets.
In March 2024, we obtained FDA clearance for our da Vinci 5 surgical system, our next-generation multi-port system, for use in all surgical specialties and procedures indicated for da Vinci Xi, except for cardiac and pediatric indications as well as one contraindication related to the use of force feedback in hysterectomy and myomectomy surgical procedures. In October 2024, we obtained regulatory clearance in South Korea for the da Vinci 5 surgical system for use in urologic, general, gynecologic, thoracoscopic, thoracoscopically-assisted cardiotomy, and transoral otolaryngology surgical procedures. In June 2025, we obtained regulatory clearance in Japan for the da Vinci 5 surgical system for use in all surgical specialties and procedures indicated for da Vinci Xi, except for cardiac indications. In July 2025, we obtained European certification in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/745 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2017 on medical devices
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(the “EU MDR”) for the da Vinci 5 surgical system for adult and pediatric use in minimally invasive endoscopic procedures across abdominopelvic and thoracoscopic surgical procedures, including urologic, gynecologic, and general laparoscopic procedures, excluding the use of force feedback. We are currently seeking European certification for the use of force feedback in the future. In select geographic markets outside of the U.S. (“OUS”) where we have obtained regulatory clearance, we have launched our da Vinci 5 surgical system. As of June 30, 2026, we have an installed base of 1,710 da Vinci 5 surgical systems, of which 136 systems are located in geographic markets outside of the U.S.
Additionally, we extended our fourth-generation platform by adding the da Vinci SP surgical system, commercialized in 2018. The da Vinci SP surgical system accesses the body through a single incision, while the other da Vinci surgical systems access the body through multiple incisions. We are in the early stages of launching our da Vinci SP surgical system, and we have an installed base of 445 da Vinci SP surgical systems as of June 30, 2026. We have received FDA clearance for the da Vinci SP surgical system for urologic, colorectal, general thoracoscopic, and certain transoral procedures. Additionally, the da Vinci SP surgical system has received regulatory clearance in South Korea for a broad set of procedures. The da Vinci SP surgical system has also received regulatory clearance in Japan for the same set of procedures that are currently allowed with the da Vinci Xi surgical system in Japan. In January 2024, the da Vinci SP surgical system received European certification in accordance with the EU MDR for use in endoscopic abdominopelvic, thoracoscopic, transoral otolaryngology, transanal colorectal, and breast surgical procedures, and we are broadening the commercialization of the da Vinci SP surgical system in additional countries and surgical specialties. In August 2024, we obtained regulatory clearance in Taiwan for our da Vinci SP surgical system for use in endoscopic abdominopelvic, thoracoscopic, transoral otolaryngology, transanal colorectal, transanal total mesorectal excision, and breast surgical procedures. We plan to seek FDA clearances for additional indications for the da Vinci SP surgical system and expand the system’s regulatory approvals (including for additional indications) in other OUS geographic markets over time. The success of the da Vinci SP surgical system is dependent on positive experiences and improved clinical outcomes for the procedures for which it has been cleared as well as securing additional clinical clearances.
We offer approximately 70 different multi-port da Vinci instruments to provide surgeons with flexibility in choosing the types of tools needed to perform a particular surgery. These multi-port instruments are generally robotically controlled and provide end effectors (tips) that are similar to those used in either open or laparoscopic surgery. We offer advanced instrumentation for the da Vinci 5, da Vinci X, and da Vinci Xi surgical systems, including da Vinci energy and da Vinci stapler products, to provide surgeons with sophisticated, computer-aided tools to precisely and efficiently interact with tissue. The da Vinci 5, da Vinci X, and da Vinci Xi surgical systems generally share the same instruments, whereas the da Vinci Si surgical system uses instruments that are not compatible with the da Vinci 5, da Vinci X, and da Vinci Xi systems. Additionally, we have introduced a unique set of force feedback instruments that are only compatible with our da Vinci 5 surgical system. We also currently offer 16 core instruments on our da Vinci SP surgical system. We plan to expand our da Vinci SP instrument offering over time.
Our learning and enabling technology offerings facilitate access to education and training on our products. Our enabling technologies include telepresence and Advanced Insights Suite (which includes Case Insights and Insights Engine), and our learning technology solutions include Intuitive Learning, SimNow, customized training models, remote case observations, and remote proctoring.
In 2019, we commercialized our Ion endoluminal system, which is a flexible, robotic-assisted, catheter-based platform that utilizes instruments and accessories for which the first cleared indication is minimally invasive biopsies in the lung. Our Ion system extends our commercial offering beyond surgery into diagnostic, endoluminal procedures. The system features an ultra-thin, ultra-maneuverable catheter that can articulate 180 degrees in all directions and allows navigation far into the peripheral lung and provides the stability necessary for precision in a biopsy. Many suspicious lesions found in the lung may be small and difficult to access, which can make diagnosis challenging, and Ion helps physicians obtain tissue samples from deep within the lung, which could help enable earlier diagnosis. Our Ion endoluminal system has received FDA clearance, and OUS regulatory clearances include European certification in accordance with the EU MDR, regulatory clearance in South Korea, and National Medical Products Administration (“NMPA”) regulatory clearance in China. We plan to seek additional clearances, approvals, and certifications for our Ion endoluminal system in OUS geographic markets over time.
The success of new product introductions depends on a number of factors including, but not limited to, pricing, competition, geographic market and consumer acceptance, the effective forecasting and management of product demand, inventory levels, the management of manufacturing and supply costs, and the risk that new products may have quality or other defects in the early stages of introduction.
Trade and Tariffs Update
Beginning in 2025, the U.S. implemented a baseline tariff framework on most imports with higher country- and product-specific rates for certain trading partners, including Mexico, Germany, and China, among others, in some cases giving rise to retaliatory tariffs announced by other jurisdictions. In February 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that these tariffs levied under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (“IEEPA”) were unlawful, because IEEPA does not authorize the
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President to impose tariffs. In response to the Supreme Court’s ruling, a new 10% tariff for all imports under Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974 was imposed. These tariffs took effect on February 24, 2026, and will remain in effect for 150 days, the maximum period that Section 122 permits without congressional action. The Section 122 tariffs have been challenged in the U.S. Court of International Trade; however, on June 11, 2026, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit extended its stay of the lower court’s ruling, keeping the 10% tariffs in place pending further proceedings. An exclusion from these tariffs for goods originating under the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (“USMCA”) remains in place, consistent with the IEEPA-based tariffs.
As a result of the Supreme Court’s ruling, and in response to the order from the U.S. Court of International Trade, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”) agency formalized a process for refunds. On April 20, 2026, the CBP launched an online portal to submit IEEPA tariff refund requests. All requests will be reviewed by the CBP to determine validity prior to the issuance of refunds. The U.S. Department of Justice has filed a notice of appeal of the refund order in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.
IEEPA tariff refunds are accounted for as gain contingencies and are recognized in the financial statements when fully realized or realizable. Refunds attributable to inventory previously sold are recorded as a reduction of cost of revenue. The amount and timing of any additional refunds remain uncertain and are subject to CBP review and the outcome of ongoing legal proceedings.
We currently manufacture a significant majority of our instruments and accessories in Mexicali, Mexico. Most of these products qualify as originating under the USMCA and, therefore, have not been subject to U.S. import tariffs to date. We also import certain raw materials and finished goods from outside of the U.S. that are subject to tariffs, including our endoscopes, a majority of which are manufactured in Germany. In addition, our operations involve importing certain raw materials from China, importing sub-assemblies to support our local da Vinci Xi surgical system manufacturing in China, and selling U.S.-manufactured da Vinci Xi surgical systems into China. These imports into the U.S. and China are subject to tariffs, which we expect to continue to have an adverse impact on the product cost of our da Vinci Xi surgical system in China.
Some of our suppliers have also incurred incremental tariffs and have passed or may pass on those additional costs to us. These pass-through tariffs and other specific tariff actions against steel and aluminum, critical minerals, semiconductors, and other products have not had a material direct impact on our operations to date, but the long-term effect of these and other existing and future tariff actions is difficult to predict.
U.S. tariffs have also given rise to retaliatory trade measures by other countries, including additional restrictions on certain exports. These trade measures could impact the reliability and efficiency of our supply chain if they are imposed on materials important to our production operations. In particular, restrictions on the export of rare earth elements, including magnets, and critical minerals from China could potentially restrict access to components used in many of our products and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, tariffs and other trade measures recognized in total cost of revenue were $20.8 million and $48.8 million, respectively. During the three months ended June 30, 2026, the Company recognized $35.9 million of refunds related to IEEPA tariffs paid in prior periods, which reduced total cost of revenue. Future changes to tariff rates and the imposition of new tariffs by the U.S. and/or other countries could result in a material impact to our results of operations. The ultimate impact of changes to tariffs and trade barriers will depend on various factors, including the timing, amount, scope, and nature of any tariffs or trade barriers that are implemented, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
Other Macroeconomic Environment Factors
Our future results of operations and liquidity could be materially adversely affected by uncertainties surrounding macroeconomic and geopolitical factors both in the U.S. and globally. These uncertainties include any introduction or modification of tariffs or trade barriers as well as supply chain constraints resulting from inflationary pressures, market pressures, elevated interest rates, and disruptions in the commodity markets associated with conflicts, including those between Russia and Ukraine and conflicts in the Middle East, including those with Iran.
Existing tariffs and country‑specific trade requirements, including export licensing controls between major economies, may contribute to future cost inflation in certain raw materials and/or may result in supply constraints due to shipment delays or limited availability of alternative sources for critical materials used in the manufacture of our products. Additionally, multi-year lead times in certain commodity markets are creating price volatility and availability risks with certain raw materials and finished components. Elevated interest rates may also impact the ability of certain suppliers to fund necessary investments in capacity and infrastructure. Deteriorating financial health or insolvency of suppliers, including sole- and single-sourced suppliers, could present heightened supply continuity risks.
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In addition, while the conflict in the Middle East has not resulted in any material disruption to the supply of component materials that we source directly or the delivery of our products to customers, we continue to monitor supplier operations, commodity markets, and transportation-related factors, including shipping lanes. These geopolitical factors, including increased defense industry consumption, could adversely affect the availability and cost of raw materials sourced by our direct suppliers, as well as the cost and timing of transporting our products to customers.
We continue to experience extended delivery lead times and price volatility for certain semiconductor materials, including memory, driven by accelerated demand associated with data processing and storage applications. We are actively managing these pressures through ongoing supplier engagement and other mitigation efforts and continue to monitor developments closely. While these dynamics have not had a material impact on our business to date, they may result in material cost pressures and supply constraints in future periods.
Although incidents of cybersecurity breaches have not significantly impacted our supply chain to date, such risks continue to be actively monitored given their potential to disrupt supplier operations and logistics networks. We have mitigation measures in place intended to address potential supply chain disruptions and their impact on our operations.
Certain hospitals are facing significant financial pressure as supply chain constraints and inflation have driven up operating costs and elevated interest rates have made access to credit more expensive. Hospitals may also be adversely affected by the liquidity concerns as a result of the broader macroeconomic environment. Any or all of these factors could negatively impact the number of da Vinci procedures performed or surgical systems placed and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
Regulatory Activities
Our products must meet the requirements of a large and growing body of international regulations and standards that govern the product safety, efficacy, advertising, labeling, safety reporting design, manufacture, materials content and sourcing, testing, certification, packaging, installation, use, and disposal of our products. Examples of such standards include electrical safety standards, such as those of the International Electrotechnical Commission, and composition standards, such as the Restriction of Hazardous Substances and the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directives in the European Union (“EU”). Failure to meet these standards could limit our ability to market our products in those regions that require compliance with such standards.
Our products and operations are also subject to increasingly stringent medical device, privacy, and other regulations by national, regional, federal, state, and local authorities. After a device is placed on the market, numerous FDA and comparable foreign regulatory requirements continue to apply. These requirements include establishment registration, potential quality system and manufacturing audits and inspections, and device listing with the FDA or other foreign regulatory authorities and compliance with medical device reporting regulations, which require that manufacturers report to the FDA or other foreign regulatory authorities if their device caused or contributed, or may have caused or contributed, to a death or serious injury or malfunctioned in a way that would likely cause or contribute to a death or serious injury if it were to recur.
We anticipate that timelines for the introduction of new products and/or indications may be extended relative to past experience as a result of these regulations. For example, we have seen elongated regulatory approval timelines in the U.S. and Europe.
Clearances, Approvals, and Certifications
We have generally obtained the regulatory clearances, approvals, and certifications required to market our products for our targeted surgical specialties within the major geographic markets in which we operate. We have additionally obtained regulatory clearances, approvals, and certifications for the following products over the past several years:
Da Vinci Surgical Systems
Multi-port
•In April 2026, we obtained NMPA regulatory approval for our E-200 generator in China. In December 2024, we obtained European certification in accordance with the EU MDR for the same generator. The E-200 generator can be used in da Vinci robotic procedures, as well as non-robotic open and laparoscopic procedures, to deliver high-frequency energy for cutting, coagulation, and vessel sealing of tissues.
•In March 2026, we obtained FDA clearance for updates to our force feedback instruments used with our da Vinci 5 surgical system, including approval for extended instrument lives. Five of the six force feedback instruments were cleared for up to 15 uses, while the remaining instrument was cleared for up to 10 uses. Following this clearance, as we increase manufacturing volumes of these force feedback instruments, they will become broadly available for use with our da Vinci 5 surgical system.
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•In January 2026, we obtained FDA clearance for the use of our da Vinci 5 surgical system in selected thoracoscopically-assisted cardiac surgical procedures using non-force feedback instruments, including mitral valve repair and replacement, tricuspid valve repair, IMA mobilization for cardiac revascularization, patent foramen ovale closure, atrial septal defect repair, left atrial appendage closure/occlusion, atrial myxoma excision, and epicardial pacing lead placement procedures.
•In September 2025, we obtained regulatory clearance in Japan for our Vessel Sealer Curved for use with our da Vinci 5, da Vinci X, and da Vinci Xi surgical systems for grasping and blunt dissection of tissue, as well as bipolar coagulation and mechanical transection of blood vessels (veins and arteries) up to 7mm in diameter, lymphatic vessels, and tissue bundles that fit within the instrument’s jaws. In June 2025, we obtained FDA clearance for the same instrument.
•In July 2025, we obtained European certification in accordance with the EU MDR for our da Vinci 5 surgical system for adult and pediatric use in minimally invasive endoscopic procedures across abdominopelvic and thoracoscopic surgical procedures, including urologic, gynecologic, and general laparoscopic procedures, excluding the use of force feedback. We are currently seeking European certification for the use of force feedback in the future. In June 2025, we obtained regulatory clearance in Japan for the da Vinci 5 surgical system for use in all surgical specialties and procedures indicated for da Vinci Xi, except for cardiac indications. In October 2024, we obtained regulatory clearance in South Korea for the da Vinci 5 surgical system for use in urologic, general, gynecologic, thoracoscopic, thoracoscopically-assisted cardiotomy, and transoral otolaryngology surgical procedures. In March 2024, we obtained FDA clearance for our da Vinci 5 surgical system for use in all surgical specialties and procedures indicated for da Vinci Xi, except for cardiac and pediatric indications as well as one contraindication related to the use of force feedback in hysterectomy and myomectomy surgical procedures.
•In September 2024, we obtained FDA clearance for our redesigned 8 mm SureForm 30 stapler and 8 mm SureForm 30 Curved-Tip stapler instruments and reloads for use with our da Vinci 5, da Vinci X, and da Vinci Xi surgical systems in general, thoracic, gynecologic, urologic, and pediatric surgical procedures. In April 2024, we obtained European certification in accordance with the EU MDR for our redesigned 8 mm SureForm 30 stapler and 8 mm SureForm 30 Curved-Tip stapler instruments and reloads for use in general, thoracic, gynecologic, urologic, and pediatric surgical procedures.
Single-port
•In December 2025, we obtained FDA clearance for the use of our da Vinci SP surgical system in cholecystectomy, inguinal hernia repair, appendectomy, and nipple sparing mastectomy (NSM) procedures. In May 2025, we obtained FDA clearance for the use of our da Vinci SP surgical system in transanal local excision/resection, a form of minimally invasive surgery performed through a natural orifice to avoid abdominal surgical incisions, for select procedures. In December 2024, we obtained FDA clearance for the use of our da Vinci SP surgical system in colorectal surgical procedures. In July 2024, we obtained FDA clearance for the use of our da Vinci SP surgical system in general thoracoscopic surgical procedures.
•In June 2025, we obtained regulatory clearances in South Korea and Japan for our SP SureForm 45 stapler and our SP SureForm 45 curved-tip stapler for use with our da Vinci SP surgical system. In March 2025, we obtained FDA clearance for our SP SureForm 45 stapler and our SP SureForm 45 curved-tip stapler for use with our da Vinci SP surgical system, which may be particularly useful in thoracic and colorectal surgical procedures.
•In August 2024, we obtained regulatory clearance in Taiwan for our da Vinci SP surgical system for use in endoscopic abdominopelvic, thoracoscopic, transoral otolaryngology, transanal colorectal, transanal total mesorectal excision, and breast surgical procedures. In January 2024, we obtained European certification in accordance with the EU MDR for our da Vinci SP surgical system for use in endoscopic abdominopelvic, thoracoscopic, transoral otolaryngology, transanal colorectal, and breast surgical procedures.
Ion Endoluminal System
•In October 2025, we obtained FDA clearance for software advancements for the Ion endoluminal system. This software release introduces artificial intelligence across Ion’s entire navigational workflow, while also integrating new advanced imaging capabilities to support accurate and efficient lung biopsies.
•In February 2025, we obtained European certification in accordance with the EU MDR to extend the number of uses of our catheter instrument used with our Ion endoluminal system from five to eight uses. In April 2024, we obtained FDA clearance to extend the number of uses of our catheter instrument from five to eight uses.
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•In March 2024, we obtained NMPA regulatory approval for our Ion endoluminal system in China. We placed our first Ion systems in China during the third quarter of 2024 and will continue our rollout of the Ion system in China in a measured fashion.
In June 2023, the China National Health Commission published the 14th five-year plan quota for major medical equipment to be sold in China on its official website (the “2023 Quota”). Under the original 2023 Quota, the government will allow for the sale of 559 new surgical robots into China, which could include da Vinci surgical systems as well as surgical systems introduced by others. As of June 30, 2026, including systems that were sold in prior quarters, we have placed 169 da Vinci surgical systems under the original 2023 Quota and 3 da Vinci surgical systems under special approval. Future sales of da Vinci surgical systems under this and any previously published open quotas are uncertain, as they are open to other medical device companies that have introduced robotic-assisted surgical systems and are dependent on hospitals completing a tender process and receiving associated approvals. Our ability to track the number of systems that could be sold under these quotas in the future is limited by provincial and national agencies making such information publicly available.
Since 2022, several provinces in China have implemented significant limits on what hospitals can charge patients for surgeries using robotic-assisted surgical technology, including soft tissue surgery. These limits have impacted the number of procedures performed in those provinces as well as pricing of our instruments and accessories, which have impacted our instruments and accessories revenue. During the second quarter of 2026, China’s National Healthcare Security Administration (“NHSA”) issued guidelines establishing a unified national framework for robotic-assisted surgery pricing and requiring all provinces to implement robotic-assisted surgery pricing within NHSA-mandated limits in the upcoming quarters. As of the date of this report, the limits that have been implemented have not had a material impact on our business, financial condition, or results of operations, as only a small portion of our installed base in China is currently located in impacted provinces. We cannot assure you that the rollout of the NHSA unified national framework or future actions by provincial or national healthcare agencies will not result in further pricing limits or pressures, which could have a material impact on procedure volumes and our instruments and accessories revenue in China.
The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (“MHLW”) considers reimbursement for procedures in April of even-numbered years. The process for obtaining reimbursement requires Japanese university hospitals and surgical societies, with our support, to seek reimbursement. There are multiple pathways to obtain reimbursement for procedures, including those that require in-country clinical and economic data. In April 2026, an additional seven da Vinci procedures were granted reimbursement, including inguinal hernia repair, effective in June 2026. Furthermore, certain rectal robotic-assisted procedures have been granted higher reimbursement, as compared to rectal laparoscopic procedure reimbursements. In addition, the MHLW recently introduced incremental reimbursement for hospitals that exceed robotic-assisted procedure volumes of 200 qualifying cases per year. The additional reimbursed procedures have varying levels of conventional laparoscopic penetration and will generally be reimbursed at rates equal to the conventional laparoscopic procedures. Given the reimbursement level and laparoscopic penetration for these additional procedures, there can be no assurance that the adoption pace for these procedures will be similar to prostatectomy or partial nephrectomy, given their higher reimbursement, or any other da Vinci procedure.
Field Actions, Recalls, and Corrections
Medical device companies have regulatory obligations to correct or remove medical devices in the field that could pose a risk to health. The definition of “recalls and corrections” is expansive and includes repair, replacement, inspections, relabeling, and issuance of new or additional instructions for use or reinforcement of existing instructions for use and training when such actions are taken for specific reasons of safety or compliance. These field actions require stringent documentation, reporting, and monitoring worldwide. There are other actions that a medical device manufacturer may take in the field without reporting including, but not limited to, routine servicing and stock rotations.
As we determine whether a field action is reportable in any regulatory jurisdiction, we prepare and submit notifications to the appropriate regulatory agency for the particular jurisdiction. Regulators can require the expansion, reclassification, or change in scope and language of the field action. In general, upon submitting required notifications to regulators regarding a field action that is a recall or correction, we will notify customers regarding the field action, provide any additional documentation required in their national language, and arrange, as required, the return or replacement of the affected product or a field service visit to perform the correction.
Field actions, as well as certain outcomes from regulatory activities, can result in adverse effects on our business, including damage to our reputation, delays by customers of purchase decisions, reduction or stoppage of the use of installed systems, and reduced revenue as well as increased expenses.
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Second Quarter 2026 Operational and Financial Highlights
•Total revenue increased by 19% to $2.89 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $2.44 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2025.
•Approximately 889,000 da Vinci procedures were performed during the three months ended June 30, 2026, an increase of 15% compared to approximately 775,000 da Vinci procedures for the three months ended June 30, 2025.
•Approximately 47,900 Ion procedures were performed during the three months ended June 30, 2026, an increase of 36% compared to approximately 35,300 Ion procedures for the three months ended June 30, 2025.
•Instruments and accessories revenue increased by 18% to $1.73 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $1.47 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2025.
•Systems revenue increased by 19% to $685 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $575 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025.
•468 da Vinci surgical systems were placed during the three months ended June 30, 2026, an increase of 18% compared to 395 systems during the three months ended June 30, 2025. The second quarter 2026 da Vinci surgical system placements included 246 da Vinci 5 systems compared to 180 systems in the second quarter of 2025.
•As of June 30, 2026, we had a da Vinci surgical system installed base of approximately 11,710 systems, an increase of 12% compared to an installed base of approximately 10,488 systems as of June 30, 2025.
•Utilization of da Vinci surgical systems, measured in terms of procedures per system per year, increased 3% relative to the second quarter of 2025.
•55 Ion systems were placed during the three months ended June 30, 2026, an increase of 2% compared to 54 systems during the three months ended June 30, 2025.
•As of June 30, 2026, we had an Ion system installed base of approximately 1,096 systems, an increase of 21% compared to an installed base of approximately 905 systems as of June 30, 2025.
•Gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 67.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to 66.3% for the three months ended June 30, 2025.
•Operating income increased by 31% to $972 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $743 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025. Operating income included $213 million and $200 million of share-based compensation expense related to employee stock plans and $24.0 million and $4.8 million of intangible asset-related charges for the three months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, respectively.
•During the three months ended June 30, 2026, we repurchased 0.9 million shares of our common stock with an aggregate value of $0.38 billion.
•As of June 30, 2026, we had $8.63 billion in cash, cash equivalents, and investments, compared to $9.03 billion as of December 31, 2025. Cash, cash equivalents, and investments decreased by $0.41 billion, primarily driven by cash used for repurchases of common stock and the acquisition of a business, partially offset by cash generated from operations.
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Results of Operations
Procedures
We measure the value of procedures performed using our systems based on the benefits they deliver to patients, physicians and care teams, hospital customers, and healthcare systems. We believe that adoption of robotic-assisted procedures occurs by procedure and by country and is driven, over the long term, by the value that our products and services deliver to these stakeholders compared to the next-best alternative treatment options. The combination of our leading-edge technology and clinical expertise with a comprehensive ecosystem of services and support allows us to deliver differentiated outcomes.
We use the number and type of procedures as metrics for financial and operational decision-making and as a means to evaluate period-to-period comparisons. Management believes that the number and type of procedures provide meaningful supplemental information regarding our performance, as management believes procedure volume is an indicator of the rate of adoption of our robotic-assisted medical procedures as well as an indicator of future revenue (including revenue from usage-based operating lease arrangements). Management believes that both it and investors benefit from referring to the number and type of procedures in assessing our performance and when planning, forecasting, and analyzing future periods. The number and type of procedures also facilitate management’s internal comparisons of our historical performance. We believe that the number and type of procedures are useful to investors as metrics, because (1) they allow for greater transparency with respect to key metrics used by management in its financial and operational decision-making, and (2) they are used by institutional investors and the analyst community to help them analyze the performance of our business.
The vast majority of our installed systems are connected via the internet. System logs can also be accessed by field engineers for systems that are not connected to the internet. We utilize certain methods that rely on information collected from the installed systems for determining the number and type of procedures performed that involve estimates and judgments, which are, by their nature, subject to substantial uncertainties and assumptions. Estimates and judgments for determining the number and type of procedures may be impacted over time by various factors, including changes in treatment modalities, hospital and distributor reporting behavior, and system internet connectivity. Such estimates and judgments are also susceptible to algorithmic or other technical errors. In addition, the relationship between the number and type of procedures and our revenues may fluctuate from period to period, and procedure volume growth may not correspond to an increase in revenue. The number and type of procedures are not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for, or superior to, revenue or other financial information prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP.
Da Vinci Procedures
The adoption of robotic-assisted surgery using the da Vinci surgical system has the potential to grow for those procedures that offer greater patient value than non-da Vinci alternatives and competitive total economics for healthcare providers. Our da Vinci surgical systems are used primarily in general, gynecologic, urologic, cardiothoracic, and head and neck surgical procedures. We focus our organization and investments on developing, marketing, and training products and services for procedures in which da Vinci can bring patient value relative to alternative treatment options and/or economic benefit to healthcare providers. Target procedures in general surgery include hernia repair (both ventral and inguinal), colorectal, cholecystectomy, and bariatric procedures. Target procedures in urology include prostatectomy and partial nephrectomy. Target procedures in gynecology include hysterectomy for both cancer and benign conditions and sacrocolpopexy. In cardiothoracic surgery, target procedures include lung resection. In head and neck surgery, target procedures include transoral surgery. Not all indications, procedures, or products described may be available in a given country or region or on all generations of da Vinci surgical systems. Surgeons and their patients need to consult the product labeling in their specific country and for each product in order to determine the cleared uses, as well as important limitations, restrictions, or contraindications.
The following table summarizes the approximate number of procedures performed on da Vinci surgical systems in the U.S. and OUS for the periods presented (number of procedures shown in thousands):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | % Change* | Six Months Ended June 30, | % Change* | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. | 552 | 495 | 12% | 14% | 1,081 | 960 | 13% | 14% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OUS | 337 | 280 | 20% | 23% | 656 | 547 | 20% | 24% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Procedures | 889 | 775 | 15% | 17% | 1,737 | 1,507 | 15% | 17% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ___________ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * The approximate procedures are rounded to thousands, but the percentage changes are based on unrounded approximate procedures. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Overall. Total da Vinci procedures performed by our customers grew approximately 15% for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to approximately 17% for the three months ended June 30, 2025, and grew approximately 15% for the
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six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to approximately 17% for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The second quarter 2026 procedure growth was largely attributable to growth in general surgery, gynecology, and OUS urology procedures.
U.S. Procedures. U.S. da Vinci procedures grew approximately 12% for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to approximately 14% for the three months ended June 30, 2025, and grew approximately 13% for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to approximately 14% for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The second quarter 2026 U.S. procedure growth was largely attributable to strong growth in general surgery procedures, most notably cholecystectomy, hernia repair, and appendectomy procedures, as well as growth in gynecological procedures, partially offset by a high-single-digit decline in U.S. bariatric procedures, which comprise approximately 2% of our total da Vinci procedures. We believe that U.S. procedure growth was also modestly negatively impacted by the expiration of enhanced ACA premium subsidies. The extent of the continued impact of these expirations on U.S. procedure volumes remains uncertain.
OUS Procedures. OUS da Vinci procedures grew approximately 20% for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to approximately 23% for the three months ended June 30, 2025, and grew approximately 20% for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to approximately 24% for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The second quarter 2026 OUS procedure growth was largely attributable to growth in general surgery procedures, most notably colorectal, hernia repair, and cholecystectomy procedures; urologic procedures, most notably prostatectomy and partial nephrectomy procedures; and gynecologic procedures, most notably hysterectomy procedures. The second quarter 2026 OUS procedure growth rate reflects continued da Vinci adoption in European and Asian markets. We saw strong procedure growth in India, Italy, and the United Kingdom during the second quarter of 2026. We believe that growth in these global markets is being driven by increased acceptance among surgeons and health systems, supported by expanded global evidence validating the clinical and economic value of da Vinci procedures as well as increased surgeon training.
Ion Procedures
The adoption of robotic-assisted bronchoscopy using the Ion endoluminal system has the potential to grow if it can offer greater patient value than non-Ion alternatives and competitive total economics for healthcare providers.
In the three months ended June 30, 2026, approximately 47,900 biopsy procedures were performed by our customers with Ion systems, compared to approximately 35,300 in the three months ended June 30, 2025. The growth in our overall procedure volume reflects a larger installed base of approximately 1,096 systems, an increase of 21% compared to the installed base of approximately 905 systems as of June 30, 2025. Currently, the vast majority of Ion biopsy procedures are performed in the U.S.
System Demand
System placements are driven by procedure growth in most geographic markets. In some markets, system placements are constrained by regulation. In geographies where da Vinci procedure adoption is in an early stage or system placements are constrained by regulation, system sales will precede procedure growth.
The following table summarizes our da Vinci and Ion placements during the periods presented (amounts shown in ones):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Da Vinci Surgical System Placements by Region | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. unit placements | 267 | 216 | 493 | 420 | |||||||||||||||||||
| OUS unit placements | 201 | 179 | 406 | 342 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total unit placements (1) | 468 | 395 | 899 | 762 | |||||||||||||||||||
________ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Includes the following number of units involving trade-ins: | 144 | 83 | 263 | 150 | |||||||||||||||||||
Ion System Placements by Region | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. unit placements | 42 | 47 | 81 | 92 | |||||||||||||||||||
| OUS unit placements | 13 | 7 | 26 | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total unit placements | 55 | 54 | 107 | 103 | |||||||||||||||||||
During the second quarter of 2026, 468 da Vinci surgical systems were placed compared to 395 systems in the second quarter of 2025. By geography, 267 systems were placed in the U.S., 79 in Europe, 75 in Asia, and 47 in other geographic markets during the second quarter of 2026, compared to 216 systems placed in the U.S., 73 in Europe, 69 in Asia, and 37 in other geographic markets during the second quarter of 2025. The increase in system placements reflects continued demand for additional capacity by our customers as a result of procedure growth as well as increased demand for our da Vinci 5 system,
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including the impact from customers trading in fourth-generation da Vinci systems. During the second quarter of 2026, we placed 246 da Vinci 5 systems, compared to 180 systems in the second quarter of 2025.
As of June 30, 2026, we had a da Vinci surgical system installed base of approximately 11,710 systems compared to approximately 10,488 systems as of June 30, 2025. By geography, 6,615 systems were in the U.S., 2,325 in Europe, 2,111 in Asia, and 659 in the rest of the world. The incremental system installed base reflects continued procedure growth and further customer validation that robotic-assisted surgery addresses their Quintuple Aim objectives.
During the second quarter of 2026, 55 Ion systems were placed compared to 54 systems in the second quarter of 2025. By geography, 42 systems were placed in the U.S., 9 in Europe, 2 in Asia, and 2 in other geographic markets during the second quarter of 2026, compared to 47 systems placed in the U.S., 3 in Europe, 2 in Asia, and 2 in other geographic markets during the second quarter of 2025. In the U.S., where we estimate that Ion’s penetration of overall lung biopsy procedures has exceeded the halfway point, our customers’ focus has begun to shift from increasing capacity to increasing utilization of their existing systems. As of June 30, 2026, we had an Ion system installed base of approximately 1,096 systems, compared to approximately 905 systems as of June 30, 2025.
We continue to see some customers challenged by lower public funding of healthcare in certain geographic markets and other financial pressures. As a result, we expect our customers to continue to be cautious about their overall capital spending. In addition, system demand in China has been adversely affected by increasing competition from domestic robotic-assisted surgical system manufacturers as well as a broader central government focus on systematic governance. Targeting the healthcare sector, this campaign was initially launched by the Chinese government in July 2023 and has resulted in heightened scrutiny by medical institutions with respect to initiating tenders, with some tenders being canceled or delayed without a timeline. In the second quarter of 2026, the competitive dynamics in China, various measures related to industrial policy, and the effects of this campaign contributed to fewer systems being placed in China than we anticipated. Currently, the extent and impact of the competitive dynamics in China, any additional measures related to industrial policy, and this campaign on our business remain uncertain.
We expect that future placements of da Vinci surgical systems will be impacted by a number of factors: supply chain risks; economic and geopolitical factors; inflationary pressures; high interest rates; hospital staffing constraints; procedure growth rates; evolving system utilization and point-of-care dynamics; capital replacement trends, including a declining number of older generation systems available for trade-in transactions; additional reimbursements in various global geographic markets, such as in Japan; the timing around governmental tenders and authorizations, as well as governmental actions impacting the tender process, such as the governance campaign in China; hospitals’ response to the evolving healthcare environment; the timing of when we receive regulatory clearance in our other OUS markets for our da Vinci 5, da Vinci X, da Vinci Xi, and da Vinci SP surgical systems and related instruments; and the customer response.
Demand may also be impacted by the competition we currently face, or expect to face, from companies offering products for open or MIS surgeries, companies providing other therapeutic approaches for target clinical conditions, and companies developing diagnostic solutions that could serve as alternatives to current or planned Intuitive offerings. Companies that have introduced products in the field of robotic-assisted medical procedures, or have made explicit statements about their efforts to enter the field, include, but are not limited to, the following: Beijing Surgerii Robotics Company Limited; CMR Surgical Ltd.; Distalmotion SA; Harbin Sizhe Rui Intelligent Medical Equipment Co., Ltd.; Johnson & Johnson; Karl Storz SE & Co. KG; Medicaroid Corporation; Medtronic plc; meerecompany Inc.; Noah Medical Corporation; Shandong Weigao Group Medical Polymer Company Ltd.; Shanghai Microport Medbot (Group) Co., Ltd.; Shenzhen Edge Medical Co., Ltd.; and SS Innovations International, Inc.
Many of the above factors will also impact future demand for our Ion endoluminal system, as we extend our commercial offering into diagnostics, along with additional factors associated with a new product introduction, including, but not limited to, our ability to optimize manufacturing and our supply chain, competition, clinical data to demonstrate value, and customer acceptance.
Distribution Channels
We sell our products and services through direct sales organizations in the U.S., Europe (excluding Greece and Eastern European countries), China (through our majority-owned joint ventures, Intuitive Surgical-Fosun Medical Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Intuitive Surgical-Fosun (HongKong) Co., Ltd. (collectively, the “Joint Venture”), with Fosun Pharma), Japan, South Korea, India, Taiwan, and Canada. In the U.S. (for some government customers), China, and Japan, we also utilize certain distributors in addition to our direct sales organizations. In the remainder of our OUS geographic markets, we provide our products for sale through distributors.
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Seasonality
More than half of the da Vinci procedures performed are for benign conditions, most notably cholecystectomies, hernia repairs, and hysterectomies. These benign procedures and other short-term elective procedures tend to be more seasonal than cancer operations and surgeries for other life-threatening conditions. Seasonality in the U.S. for procedures for benign conditions typically results in higher fourth quarter procedure volume when more patients have met annual deductibles and lower first quarter procedure volume when deductibles are reset. Seasonality outside of the U.S. varies and is more pronounced around local holidays and vacation periods, which have lower procedure volume.
System placements also vary due to seasonality, largely aligned with hospital budgeting cycles. On an annual basis, we typically place a higher proportion of systems in the fourth quarter and a lower proportion in the first quarter as many customer budgets are reset.
Intuitive System Leasing
Since 2013, we have entered into sales-type and fixed-payment operating lease arrangements directly with certain qualified customers as a way to offer customers flexibility in how they acquire systems and expand their robotic-assisted programs while leveraging our balance sheet. These leases generally have commercially competitive terms as compared to other third-party entities that offer equipment leasing. We also enter into usage-based operating lease arrangements with qualified customers that have committed da Vinci programs where we charge for the system and service as procedures are performed, offering greater predictability in costs for customers. We believe that all of these alternative financing structures have been effective and well-received, and we are willing to expand the proportion of any of these structures based on customer needs and demand.
We include systems placed under fixed-payment and usage-based operating lease arrangements, as well as sales-type lease arrangements, in our system placement and installed base disclosures. We exclude operating lease-related revenue, including usage-based revenue, and Ion system revenue from our da Vinci surgical system average selling price (“ASP”) computations.
The following table summarizes our da Vinci and Ion system placements under leasing arrangements for the periods presented (amounts in ones):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Da Vinci Surgical System Placements under Leasing Arrangements | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed-payment operating lease arrangements | 123 | 69 | 248 | 160 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Usage-based operating lease arrangements | 131 | 124 | 249 | 231 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total da Vinci surgical system placements under operating lease arrangements | 254 | 193 | 497 | 391 | |||||||||||||||||||
% of Total da Vinci surgical system placements | 54% | 49% | 55% | 51% | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sales-type lease arrangements | 10 | 6 | 23 | 16 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total da Vinci surgical system placements under leasing arrangements | 264 | 199 | 520 | 407 | |||||||||||||||||||
Ion System Placements under Leasing Arrangements | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed-payment operating lease arrangements | 14 | 13 | 36 | 27 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Usage-based operating lease arrangements | 17 | 21 | 31 | 36 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Ion system placements under operating lease arrangements | 31 | 34 | 67 | 63 | |||||||||||||||||||
| % of Total Ion system placements | 56% | 63% | 63% | 61% | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sales-type lease arrangements | — | 2 | — | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Ion system placements under leasing arrangements | 31 | 36 | 67 | 68 | |||||||||||||||||||
Variable lease revenue, which is primarily recognized from usage-based operating lease arrangements, has been included in our operating lease metrics herein. Operating lease revenue has grown at a faster rate than overall systems revenue and was $262 million and $214 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, respectively, of which $169 million and $130 million, respectively, was variable lease revenue, primarily related to our usage-based operating lease arrangements.
Revenue for systems sold or placed under a sales-type lease arrangement is recognized upfront whereas revenue for fixed-payment operating lease arrangements is recognized on a straight-line basis over time. Therefore, in a period when the number
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of operating lease placements increases as a proportion of total system placements, total systems revenue is reduced, which can create volatility in the systems revenue recognized in any given period. We generally set fixed-payment and usage-based operating lease arrangements’ pricing at a modest premium relative to purchased systems reflecting the time value of money and, in the case of usage-based operating lease arrangements, the risk that system utilization may fall short of anticipated levels.
Revenue for usage-based operating lease arrangements is recognized as the system is used to perform procedures. Usage-based arrangements create better matching of reimbursements and cost for our customers. They also reduce our customers’ overall risk and need for capital outlay. However, because the number of procedures performed in any given period can vary significantly for many reasons, including but not limited to healthcare emergencies, alternative treatment options, and patient preferences, revenue recognized from these arrangements could be highly volatile.
Customers generally do not have the right to exit or terminate a fixed-payment lease without incurring a penalty. Generally, lease transactions generate similar gross profit margins as our sale transactions. However, because of the variability in revenue recognized for usage-based lease arrangements, including our customers’ ability to exit or cancel those arrangements prior to the end of the lease term, there is no guarantee that we will recuperate the cost of the usage-based leased system, which, in turn, could adversely impact our gross profit margins if utilization of those systems is different from our expectations.
The following table summarizes our da Vinci and Ion systems installed base under operating leasing arrangements as of the periods presented (amounts in ones):
As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 30, 2026 | June 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Da Vinci Surgical System Installed Base under Operating Leasing Arrangements | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed-payment operating lease arrangements | 1,522 | 1,301 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Usage-based operating lease arrangements | 1,903 | 1,686 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total da Vinci surgical system installed base under operating lease arrangements | 3,425 | 2,987 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Ion System Installed Base under Operating Leasing Arrangements | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed-payment operating lease arrangements | 110 | 127 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Usage-based operating lease arrangements | 287 | 231 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Ion system installed base under operating lease arrangements | 397 | 358 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Our exposure to the credit risks relating to our lease financing arrangements may increase if our customers are adversely affected by economic pressures or uncertainty, changes in healthcare laws, coverage and reimbursement, or other customer-specific factors. As a result of these macroeconomic factors impacting our customers, we may be exposed to defaults under our lease financing arrangements. Moreover, usage-based operating lease arrangements generally contain no minimum payments; therefore, customers may exit such arrangements without paying a financial penalty to us.
For some operating lease arrangements, our customers are provided with the right to purchase the leased system at certain points during and/or at the end of the lease term. Revenue generated from customer purchases of systems under operating lease arrangements (“Lease Buyouts”) was $56 million and $30 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, respectively. We expect that revenue recognized from customer exercises of buyout options will fluctuate based on the timing of when, and if, customers choose to exercise such buyout options.
Systems revenue is also affected by the proportion of system placements under operating lease arrangements, which can fluctuate period to period depending on customer preferences, recurring fixed-payment and usage-based operating lease revenue, Lease Buyouts, product mix, ASPs, trade-in activities, customer mix, and specified-price trade-in rights. We generally do not provide specified-price trade-in rights or upgrade rights at the time of a system purchase; however, in conjunction with the rollout of our da Vinci 5 surgical system, there may be limited instances in which certain arrangements include specified-price trade-in rights. For trade-in activities involving operating lease upgrades, depending on the timing and terms of the upgrade transaction, the amount of revenue generated on the initial and new lease arrangements may not, in the aggregate, generate the same amount of revenue that a traditional sale and trade-in transaction would.
Procedure/Product Mix
Our da Vinci surgical systems are generally used for soft tissue surgery for areas of the body between the pelvis and the neck, primarily in general, gynecologic, urologic, cardiothoracic, and head and neck surgical procedures. Within these categories, procedures range in complexity from cancer and other highly complex procedures to less complex procedures for benign conditions. Cancer and other highly complex procedures tend to be reimbursed at higher rates than less complex procedures for benign conditions. Thus, hospitals are more sensitive to the costs associated with treating less complex, benign
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conditions. Our strategy is to provide hospitals with attractive clinical and economical solutions across the spectrum of procedure complexity. Our fully featured da Vinci 5 and da Vinci Xi surgical systems with advanced instruments (including da Vinci energy and da Vinci stapler products) and our Integrated Table Motion product target the more complex procedure segment. Our da Vinci X surgical system is targeted toward price-sensitive geographic markets and procedures. Our da Vinci SP surgical system complements the da Vinci 5, da Vinci X, and da Vinci Xi surgical systems by enabling surgeons to access narrow workspaces.
Revenue
We recognize up-front revenue from the placement of da Vinci surgical systems through sales or sales-type lease arrangements. Recurring revenue is recognized over time from the placement of da Vinci surgical systems under fixed-payment or usage-based operating lease arrangements, as well as from service arrangements. Recurring revenue is also recognized up-front from the sale of instruments and accessories.
The da Vinci surgical system generally sells for between $0.6 million and $3.1 million (generally inclusive of one year of service), depending on the model, configuration, and geography, and represents a significant capital equipment investment for our customers when purchased. Our instruments and accessories have limited lives and will either expire or wear out as they are used in surgery, at which point they need to be replaced. We generally earn between $900 and $3,700 of instruments and accessories revenue per surgical procedure performed, depending on the type and complexity of the specific procedures performed and the number and type of instruments used. We typically enter into service contracts at the time systems are sold or leased at an annual fee between $95,000 and $225,000, depending on the configuration of the underlying system and the composition of the services offered under the contract. Our system sale arrangements generally include a five-year period of service, with the first year of service generally included in the selling price of the system. These service contracts have generally been renewed at the end of the initial contractual service periods.
We generate revenue from our Ion endoluminal system in a business model consistent with the da Vinci surgical system model described above. We generate up-front revenue from the placement of Ion systems through sales or sales-type lease arrangements and recurring revenue over time through fixed-payment or usage-based operating lease arrangements. We also earn recurring revenue from the sale of instruments, accessories, and services. The Ion endoluminal system generally sells for between $500,000 and $815,000 (generally inclusive of one year of service). Our instruments and accessories have limited lives and will either expire or wear out as they are used in procedures, at which point they need to be replaced. We typically enter into service contracts at the time systems are sold or leased at an annual fee between $55,000 and $70,000.
Additionally, as part of our ecosystem of products and services, we provide a portfolio of learning offerings and digital solutions. We do not currently generate material revenue from these offerings.
The following table summarizes our revenue for the periods presented (amounts in millions):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Instruments and accessories | $ | 1,734.9 | $ | 1,474.1 | $ | 260.8 | 18% | $ | 3,421.3 | $ | 2,841.8 | $ | 579.5 | 20% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Systems | 685.0 | 574.7 | 110.3 | 19% | 1,335.7 | 1,097.4 | 238.3 | 22% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total product revenue | 2,419.9 | 2,048.8 | 371.1 | 18% | 4,757.0 | 3,939.2 | 817.8 | 21% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Service | 472.4 | 391.2 | 81.2 | 21% | 906.1 | 754.2 | 151.9 | 20% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 2,892.3 | $ | 2,440.0 | $ | 452.3 | 19% | $ | 5,663.1 | $ | 4,693.4 | $ | 969.7 | 21% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. | $ | 1,933.2 | $ | 1,629.4 | $ | 303.8 | 19% | $ | 3,716.5 | $ | 3,167.6 | $ | 548.9 | 17% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OUS | 959.1 | 810.6 | 148.5 | 18% | 1,946.6 | 1,525.8 | 420.8 | 28% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 2,892.3 | $ | 2,440.0 | $ | 452.3 | 19% | $ | 5,663.1 | $ | 4,693.4 | $ | 969.7 | 21% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| % of Revenue — U.S. | 67% | 67% | 66% | 67% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| % of Revenue — OUS | 33% | 33% | 34% | 33% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
We generally sell our products and services in local currencies where we have direct distribution channels. Revenue denominated in foreign currencies as a percentage of total revenue was approximately 27% and 28% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, respectively, and 26% for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates had a favorable impact on OUS total revenue of $4 million and $40 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, respectively. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates had a favorable impact on OUS
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total revenue of $14 million and $6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. The impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates was determined by comparing current period revenue converted to USD using exchange rates that were effective in the comparable prior year period, net of the impacts from foreign currency hedging.
We believe that U.S. revenue has historically accounted for the large majority of total revenue due to U.S. patients’ ability to choose their provider and method of treatment, reimbursement structures supportive of innovation and MIS, and our initial investments focused on U.S. infrastructure. We have been investing in our business in OUS geographic markets, and our OUS procedures have grown faster in proportion to U.S. procedures. We expect that our OUS procedures and revenue will make up a greater portion of our business in the long term.
Product Revenue
Three Months Ended June 30, 2026
Instruments and accessories revenue increased by 18% to $1.73 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $1.47 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in instruments and accessories revenue was primarily driven by approximately 15% higher da Vinci procedure volume, approximately 36% higher Ion procedure volume, and higher da Vinci instruments and accessories revenue per procedure, driven by the da Vinci 5 and da Vinci SP instruments and accessories mix. The second quarter 2026 U.S. da Vinci procedure growth was approximately 12%, driven primarily by strong growth in general surgery procedures, most notably cholecystectomy, hernia repair, and appendectomy procedures, as well as growth in gynecological procedures, partially offset by a high-single-digit decline in U.S. bariatric procedures. The second quarter 2026 OUS da Vinci procedure growth was approximately 20%, driven by growth in general surgery procedures, most notably colorectal, hernia repair, and cholecystectomy procedures; urologic procedures, most notably prostatectomy and partial nephrectomy procedures; and gynecologic procedures, most notably hysterectomy procedures. Geographically, the second quarter 2026 OUS da Vinci procedure growth was driven by several geographic markets with particular strength in India, Italy, and the United Kingdom.
Systems revenue increased by 19% to $685 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $575 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The higher second quarter 2026 system revenue was primarily driven by an increase in da Vinci surgical system placements, partially offset by an increase in the proportion of da Vinci surgical system placements under operating leases, higher operating lease revenue, and higher lease buyout revenue.
Operating lease revenue, including the contribution from Ion systems, was $262 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026, of which $169 million was variable lease revenue, primarily related to usage-based arrangements, compared to $214 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, of which $130 million was variable lease revenue, primarily related to usage-based arrangements. Revenue from Lease Buyouts was $56 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $30 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025. We expect revenue from Lease Buyouts to fluctuate period to period depending on the timing of when, and if, customers choose to exercise buyout options embedded in their leases.
The da Vinci surgical system ASP, excluding systems placed under fixed-payment or usage-based operating lease arrangements, Ion systems, and the impact of specified-price trade-in rights, was approximately $1.59 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to approximately $1.50 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The higher second quarter 2026 ASP was largely driven by favorable product mix, including from da Vinci 5 sales, partially offset by an unfavorable geographic mix. ASP fluctuates from period to period based on geographic and product mix, product pricing, systems placed involving trade-ins, and changes in foreign exchange rates.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2026
Instruments and accessories revenue increased by 20% to $3.42 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $2.84 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in instruments and accessories revenue was primarily driven by approximately 15% higher da Vinci procedure volume, customer buying patterns, higher da Vinci instruments and accessories revenue per procedure, driven by the da Vinci 5 and da Vinci SP instruments and accessories mix, and foreign currency impacts. The year-to-date 2026 U.S. da Vinci procedure growth was approximately 13%, driven by strong growth in general surgery procedures, most notably cholecystectomy, hernia repair, and appendectomy procedures, as well as growth in gynecological procedures. The number of U.S. da Vinci bariatric procedures performed declined approximately 10% in the first six months of 2026 compared with the first six months of 2025. The year-to-date 2026 OUS da Vinci procedure growth was approximately 20%, driven by growth in general surgery procedures, most notably colorectal, hernia repair, and cholecystectomy procedures; urologic procedures, most notably prostatectomy and partial nephrectomy procedures; and gynecologic procedures, most notably hysterectomy procedures. Geographically, the year-to-date 2026 OUS da Vinci procedure growth was driven by several markets with particular strength in Germany, India, South Korea, Italy, and the United Kingdom.
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Systems revenue increased by 22% to $1.34 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $1.10 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The higher year-to-date 2026 system revenue was primarily driven by an increase in da Vinci surgical system placements, partially offset by an increase in the proportion of da Vinci surgical system placements under operating leases, higher operating lease revenue, and higher year-to-date 2026 ASPs, driven by an increase in da Vinci 5 system placements.
Operating lease revenue, including the contribution from Ion systems, was $512 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026, of which $326 million was variable lease revenue, primarily related to usage-based arrangements, compared to $409 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, of which $242 million was variable lease revenue, primarily related to usage-based arrangements. Revenue from Lease Buyouts was $108 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $69 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. We expect revenue from Lease Buyouts to fluctuate period to period depending on the timing of when, and if, customers choose to exercise buyout options embedded in their leases.
The da Vinci surgical system ASP, excluding systems placed under fixed-payment or usage-based operating lease arrangements, Ion systems, and the impact of specified-price trade-in rights, was approximately $1.66 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to approximately $1.55 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The higher year-to-date 2026 ASP was largely driven by favorable product mix, including from da Vinci 5 system placements, partially offset by an unfavorable geographic mix. ASP fluctuates from period to period based on geographic and product mix, product pricing, systems placed involving trade-ins, and changes in foreign exchange rates.
Service Revenue
Service revenue increased by 21% to $472 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $391 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in service revenue was primarily driven by a larger installed base of systems producing service revenue and favorable product mix, including from da Vinci 5 system placements.
Service revenue increased by 20% to $906 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $754 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in service revenue was primarily driven by a larger installed base of systems producing service revenue and favorable product mix, particularly from da Vinci 5 surgical system placements.
Recurring Revenue
Recurring revenue represents the revenue recognized from instruments and accessories, service, and operating lease arrangements. Recurring revenue is an operating measure that we use to assess the strength of our installed base, system utilization, and procedure adoption.
Recurring revenue during the periods presented was as follows:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Instruments and accessories revenue | $ | 1,734.9 | $ | 1,474.1 | $ | 3,421.3 | $ | 2,841.8 | |||||||||||||||
| Service revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total recurring revenue | $ | 2,469.1 | $ | 2,079.1 | $ | 4,839.4 | $ | 4,005.0 | |||||||||||||||
| % of Total revenue | 85% | 85% | 85% | 85% | |||||||||||||||||||
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Gross Profit
Product
Our product gross profit during the periods presented was as follows (dollars in millions):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Product gross profit (1) | $ | 1,642.9 | $ | 1,362.6 | $ | 280.3 | 21% | $3,200.0 | $2,582.3 | $ | 617.7 | 24% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Product gross profit margin | 67.9% | 66.5% | 67.3% | 65.6% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
________ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Includes the following expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | $ | 28.8 | $ | 30.3 | $ | (1.5) | (5)% | $58.1 | $60.5 | $ | (2.4) | (4)% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible asset amortization | $ | 20.0 | $ | 2.3 | $ | 17.7 | 770% | $25.8 | $4.5 | $ | 21.3 | 473% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Product gross profit margin increased for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2025, primarily driven by IEEPA tariff refunds, lower logistics costs, and fixed overhead leverage, partially offset by higher intangible asset amortization.
Product gross profit margin increased for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2025, primarily driven by product cost reductions, IEEPA tariff refunds, fixed overhead leverage, and lower logistics costs, partially offset by higher tariff expenses and higher intangible asset amortization.
Our capital expenditures increased in 2025, as we continued to build the infrastructure needed to scale our business and, as a result, depreciation expense increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2026. We expect depreciation expense to continue to increase in the remainder of 2026. Additionally, in connection with the acquisition of a business in the first quarter of 2026, we expect amortization of intangible assets to be higher in the remainder of 2026 compared to 2025.
In 2025, new and incremental tariffs were imposed on goods imported to the U.S. We import raw materials and finished goods from sources outside of the U.S., which were subject to tariffs, including but not limited to our endoscopes, which are primarily manufactured in Germany. In 2026, there were changes to the tariffs imposed on goods imported to the U.S. In addition, during the second quarter of 2026, we recognized $27.5 million of refunds related to IEEPA tariffs paid in prior periods, which reduced cost of product revenues. The ultimate impact of tariffs will depend on various factors, including the amount, scope, timing, and nature of the tariffs imposed.
Service
Our service gross profit during the periods presented was as follows (dollars in millions):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Service gross profit (1) | $ | 317.5 | $ | 255.3 | $ | 62.2 | 24% | $ | 590.9 | $ | 493.3 | $ | 97.6 | 20% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Service gross profit margin | 67.2% | 65.3% | 65.2% | 65.4% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
________ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Includes the following expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | $ | 9.2 | $ | 8.6 | $ | 0.6 | 7% | $ | 18.5 | $ | 16.8 | $ | 1.7 | 10% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible asset amortization | $ | 3.3 | $ | 0.2 | $ | 3.1 | 1550% | $ | 4.1 | $ | 0.4 | $ | 3.7 | 925% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Service gross profit margin increased for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2025, primarily driven by IEEPA tariff refunds and lower tariff expenses, partially offset by higher intangible asset amortization.
Service gross profit margin decreased for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2025, primarily driven by higher costs associated with our da Vinci 5 surgical system, incremental fixed costs, including depreciation expense, higher excess and obsolete inventory charges, and higher intangible asset amortization, partially offset by IEEPA tariff refunds and favorable repair parts mix.
In connection with the acquisition of a business, we expect amortization of intangible assets to be higher in the remainder of 2026 compared to 2025.
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During the second quarter of 2026, we recognized $8.4 million of refunds related to IEEPA tariffs paid in prior periods, which reduced cost of service revenue. The ultimate impact of tariffs will depend on various factors, including the amount, scope, timing, and nature of the tariffs imposed.
Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general, and administrative expenses include costs for sales, marketing, and administrative personnel, sales and marketing activities, trade show expenses, legal expenses, regulatory fees, and general corporate expenses.
Selling, general, and administrative expenses during the periods presented were as follows (dollars in millions):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Selling, general, and administrative (1) | $ | 617.9 | $ | 561.2 | $ | 56.7 | 10% | $ | 1,231.2 | $ | 1,124.6 | $ | 106.6 | 9% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| % of Total revenue | 21% | 23% | 22% | 24% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ________ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Includes the following expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | $ | 88.1 | $ | 86.3 | $ | 1.8 | 2% | $ | 180.8 | $ | 168.6 | $ | 12.2 | 7% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible asset amortization | $ | 0.5 | $ | 0.1 | $ | 0.4 | 400% | $ | 0.7 | $ | 0.6 | $ | 0.1 | 17% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Selling, general, and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2026, increased compared to the three months ended June 30, 2025 primarily due to higher personnel-related expenses, driven by an increase in headcount and higher employee compensation, including variable compensation expense and share-based compensation expense, as well as higher infrastructure costs, including depreciation expense.
Selling, general, and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2026, increased compared to the six months ended June 30, 2025 primarily due to higher personnel-related expenses, driven by an increase in headcount and higher employee compensation, including variable compensation expense and share-based compensation expense, partially offset by lower legal expenses.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses include costs associated with the research and design, development, testing, and significant enhancement of our products. Our main product development initiatives include multi-port, Ion, and SP platform investments as well as digital products and services and various research projects.
Research and development expenses during the periods presented were as follows (dollars in millions):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Research and development (1) | $ | 370.6 | $ | 313.3 | $ | 57.3 | 18% | $ | 732.5 | $ | 629.5 | $ | 103.0 | 16% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
% of Total revenue | 13% | 13% | 13% | 13% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
________ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Includes the following expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | $ | 86.7 | $ | 74.7 | $ | 12.0 | 16% | $ | 168.7 | $ | 143.7 | $ | 25.0 | 17% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible asset-related charges | $ | 0.2 | $ | 2.2 | $ | (2.0) | (91)% | $ | 0.5 | $ | 7.8 | $ | (7.3) | (94)% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Research and development expenses for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, increased compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in research and development expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, was primarily driven by higher direct project costs incurred to support an expanded portfolio of product development initiatives, as well as increased personnel‑related expenses, including share‑based compensation, driven by higher headcount.
Research and development expenses fluctuate with project timing. Based upon our broader set of product development initiatives and the stage of the underlying projects, we expect to continue to make substantial investments in research and development and anticipate that research and development expenses will continue to increase in the future.
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Interest and Other Income, Net
Interest and other income, net during the periods presented was as follows (dollars in millions):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | 2026 vs 2025 | Six Months Ended June 30, | 2026 vs 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest and other income, net | $ | 82.7 | $ | 88.7 | $ | (6.0) | (7)% | $ | 167.8 | $ | 179.1 | $ | (11.3) | (6)% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
% of Total revenue | 3% | 4% | 3% | 4% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest and other income, net, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, decreased compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, primarily driven by lower interest income on reduced average cash and investment balances, largely driven by cash used for stock repurchases and the acquisition of a business during the first quarter of 2026. This decrease was partially offset by unrealized gains on strategic investments (compared to unrealized losses during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025) and lower foreign exchange losses, net of the impacts of derivatives and hedging.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense (benefit) during the periods presented was as follows (dollars in millions):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | 2026 vs 2025 | Six Months Ended June 30, | 2026 vs 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 231.4 | $ | 167.9 | $ | 63.5 | 38% | $ | 345.8 | $ | 132.7 | $ | 213.1 | 161% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effective income tax rate | 21.9% | 20.2% | 17.3 | % | 8.8% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Our higher effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, was primarily due to lower tax rate benefits from excess tax benefits, as discussed below, and a lower federal research and development credit benefit, partially offset by lower taxes on foreign earnings.
Our provision for income taxes for the three months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, included excess tax benefits associated with employee equity plans of $17.3 million and $32.9 million, respectively, which reduced our effective tax rate by 1.6 and 4.0 percentage points, respectively. Our provision for income taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, included excess tax benefits associated with employee equity plans of $90.6 million and $178.3 million, respectively, which reduced our effective tax rate by 4.5 and 11.9 percentage points, respectively. The amount of excess tax benefits or deficiencies will fluctuate from period to period based on the price of our stock, the volume of share-based awards settled or vested, and the value assigned to employee equity awards under GAAP, which results in increased income tax expense volatility.
In 2021, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) established an inclusive framework on base erosion and profit shifting and agreed on a two-pillar solution to global taxation, focusing on global profit allocation and a 15% global minimum effective tax rate (“Pillar Two”). The OECD issued Pillar Two model rules and continues to release guidance on these rules. Many countries have adopted new tax laws to align with the global minimum tax. We considered the applicable tax law changes on Pillar Two implementation in the relevant countries, and we do not expect a material impact to our tax provision in 2026.
In January 2026, the OECD released administrative guidance recognizing the U.S. minimum tax regime and introducing a “side-by-side” package intended to exempt U.S.-parented groups from Pillar Two minimum taxes imposed by foreign jurisdictions on U.S. earnings. Although full adoption of the guidance is expected to eliminate this exposure with respect to the U.S. jurisdiction, laws to implement the framework have not been enacted in all relevant countries. Accordingly, our financial results reflect the laws enacted and in effect as of June 30, 2026, which did not have a material impact on our tax provision as of June 30, 2026.
On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the “OBBBA”) was enacted, introducing amendments to U.S. tax laws with various effective dates from 2025 to 2027. The changes introduced by OBBBA are not expected to have a material impact on our effective tax rate for 2026.
We file federal, state, and foreign income tax returns in many jurisdictions in the U.S. and OUS. Years before 2020 are considered closed for significant jurisdictions. Certain of our unrecognized tax benefits could change due to activities of various tax authorities, including evolving interpretations of existing tax laws in the jurisdictions in which we operate, potential assessment of additional tax, possible settlement of audits, or through normal expiration of various statutes of limitations, which could affect our effective tax rate in the period in which they change.
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We are subject to the examination of our income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities. The outcome of these audits cannot be predicted with certainty. Management regularly assesses the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. If any issues addressed in our tax audits are resolved in a manner not consistent with management’s expectations, we could be required to adjust our provision for income taxes in the period such resolution occurs.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources and Uses of Cash and Cash Equivalents
Our principal source of liquidity is cash provided by our operations. Cash and cash equivalents plus short- and long-term investments decreased by $0.4 billion to $8.6 billion as of June 30, 2026, from $9.0 billion as of December 31, 2025, primarily as a result of cash used for repurchases of common stock and the acquisition of a business, partially offset by cash generated from operations.
Our cash requirements depend on numerous factors, including customer acceptance of our products, the resources we devote to developing and supporting our products, and other factors. We expect to continue to devote substantial resources to expand procedure adoption and acceptance of our products. We have made substantial investments in our commercial operations, product development activities, facilities, and intellectual property. Based on our business model, we anticipate that we will continue to be able to fund future growth through cash provided by our operations. We believe that our current cash, cash equivalents, and investment balances, together with income to be derived from our business, will be sufficient to meet our liquidity requirements for the foreseeable future. However, we may experience reduced cash flow from operations as a result of macroeconomic and geopolitical headwinds.
See “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, for discussion on the impact of interest rate risk and market risk on our investment portfolio.
Condensed Consolidated Cash Flow Data
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented (in millions):
| Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||
2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in): | |||||||||||
| Operating activities | $ | 1,972.9 | $ | 1,297.0 | |||||||
| Investing activities | (941.1) | 474.2 | |||||||||
| Financing activities | (1,641.6) | (383.6) | |||||||||
| Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 8.1 | (3.5) | |||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | $ | (601.7) | $ | 1,384.1 | |||||||
Operating Activities
For the six months ended June 30, 2026, net cash provided by operating activities of $1.97 billion exceeded our net income of $1.65 billion, primarily due to the following factors:
1.Our net income included non-cash charges of $1.19 billion, consisting primarily of share-based compensation of $419 million; deferred income tax expense of $370 million; and depreciation expense and losses on the disposal of property, plant, and equipment of $371 million.
2.Changes in operating assets and liabilities resulted in $870 million of cash used in operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2026. Inventory, including the transfer of equipment from inventory to property, plant, and equipment, increased by $515 million, primarily to address the growth in our business, including the expansion of our leasing business, and to mitigate risks of disruption that could arise from global supply chain shortages. Accrued compensation and employee benefits decreased by $230 million, primarily due to payments for 2025 incentive compensation. Prepaids and other assets increased by $179 million, primarily driven by an increase in prepaid taxes caused by accelerated deductions for previously capitalized research and development expenditures, which will reduce the Company’s future income taxes paid. Accounts receivable increased by $50 million, primarily due to the timing of customer billings and collections. The unfavorable impact of these items on cash provided by operating activities was partially offset by an increase in deferred revenue of $45 million, primarily due to the timing of payment and delivery of goods and services.
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Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2026, consisted primarily of cash used in the acquisition of a business of $528 million, as well as $243 million paid for the purchases of investments, net of maturities and sales of investments. We also used $216 million for purchases of property, plant, and equipment. We invest predominantly in high quality, fixed income securities. Our investment portfolio may, at any time, contain investments in money market funds, U.S. treasury and U.S. government agency securities, high-quality corporate notes and bonds, commercial paper, non-U.S. government agency securities, and taxable and tax-exempt municipal notes.
Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2026, consisted primarily of cash used for the repurchase of our common stock for $1.44 billion and taxes paid on behalf of employees related to net share settlements of vested employee equity awards of $365 million, partially offset by cash proceeds from stock option exercises and employee stock purchases of $187 million.
As of June 30, 2026, $64 million of unsettled common stock repurchases remained accrued and unpaid and, therefore, were not included in cash used in financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2026.
Capital Expenditures
We continue to build the infrastructure needed to scale and supply our customers with highly differentiated products manufactured in highly automated factories to facilitate outstanding performance in product quality, availability, and cost. A significant portion of our investment involves the construction of facilities to expand our manufacturing and commercial capabilities. We have also been vertically integrating key technologies to develop a more robust supply chain and bring important products to market at attractive price points. These investments include increased ownership of our imaging pipelines, and investments in strategic instruments and accessories technologies that allow us to serve our customers better. We intend to continue to fund our capital investments with cash generated from operations.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these Financial Statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our critical accounting estimates. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. There have been no new or material changes to the critical accounting estimates discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, that are of significance, or potential significance, to us.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
There have been no material changes in our market risk during the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to the disclosures in Part II, Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As required by SEC Rule 13a-15(b), we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on the foregoing, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2026, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The information included in Note 8 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, which could materially affect our business, financial position, or future results of operations. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial position, or future results of operations. The risk factor set forth below updates, and should be read together with, the risk factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.
RISKS RELATING TO OUR BUSINESS
THIRD PARTIES MAY OFFER TO SELL REMANUFACTURED INSTRUMENTS AND ACCESSORIES TO OUR CUSTOMERS OR PROVIDE UNAUTHORIZED SERVICE ON OUR SYSTEMS, WHICH COULD ADVERSELY IMPACT OUR FINANCIAL RESULTS, CREATE SAFETY ISSUES, AND HARM OUR REPUTATION.
A significant portion of our revenue is generated through sales of instruments and accessories. We are aware that certain regulatory authorities have granted clearance or approval for the remanufacturing of certain of these instruments for use with our da Vinci surgical systems. Third parties have offered, and may continue to offer, customers instruments and accessories that have been remanufactured and/or are unauthorized, including instruments that have been remanufactured to support the use of some of our limited-use instruments beyond their labeled useful life. These third-party instruments and accessories may be offered at lower prices and have different performance characteristics. Additionally, third parties have provided, and may continue to provide, unauthorized service and maintenance on our da Vinci surgical systems and Ion endoluminal system.
Third party offerings of our instruments and accessories or service or maintenance on our systems could potentially result in reduced revenue, increased patient safety risks, and negative publicity for us if these products cause injuries and/or do not function as intended when used, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations. In addition, we may be subject to laws that regulate or attempt to regulate the manner in which third-party instruments and accessories or third-party service providers interact with our systems, and such laws could also negatively impact our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
There were no unregistered sales of equity securities during the period covered by this report.
(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The table below summarizes our stock repurchase activity for the quarter ended June 30, 2026:
| Fiscal Period | Total Number of Shares Repurchased | Average Price Paid Per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased As Part of a Publicly Announced Program | Approximate Dollar Amount of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Program (1) | |||||||||||||||||||
April 1 to April 30, 2026 | 212,268 | $ | 451.56 | 212,268 | $ | 5.0 | billion | ||||||||||||||||
May 1 to May 31, 2026 | 433,195 | $ | 451.04 | 433,195 | $ | 4.8 | billion | ||||||||||||||||
June 1 to June 30, 2026 | 218,413 | $ | 401.65 | 218,413 | $ | 4.7 | billion | ||||||||||||||||
Total during quarter ended June 30, 2026 | 863,876 | $ | 438.68 | 863,876 | |||||||||||||||||||
(1) Represents the cumulative amount remaining for stock repurchases under the Board-authorized Repurchase Program established in March 2009 (the “Repurchase Program”). In April 2026, the Board increased the authorized amount available under the Repurchase Program to $5.0 billion. Authorizations under the Repurchase Program do not expire.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
On May 7, 2026, Gary S. Guthart , Ph.D., the Company’s Executive Chair of the Board of Directors , adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan. Dr. Guthart’s trading plan provides for (i) the potential sale of up to 107,596 shares of the Company’s common stock, including the potential exercise and sale of up to 75,076 shares of the Company’s common stock subject to stock options, and (ii) the potential sale of up to 47,234 shares of the Company’s common stock from a trust in which Dr. Guthart is a trustee, until June 15, 2027 . This trading plan was entered into during an open insider trading window and is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Company’s policies regarding transactions in the Company’s securities.
On May 10, 2026 , Amy L. Ladd, M.D. , a member of the Company’s Board of Directors , adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan. Dr. Ladd’s trading plan provides for the potential sale of up to 472 shares of the Company’s common stock until May 15, 2027 . This trading plan was entered into during an open insider trading window and is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Company’s policies regarding transactions in the Company’s securities.
On May 27, 2026 , Patricia L. Wadors , the Company’s Chief Human Resources Officer, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan. Ms. Wadors’ trading plan provides for the potential sale of up to 3,494 shares of the Company’s common stock until May 29, 2027 . This trading plan was entered into during an open insider trading window and is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Company’s policies regarding transactions in the Company’s securities.
On June 7, 2026 , Henry L. Charlton , the Company’s former EVP & Chief Commercial and Marketing Officer, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan. Mr. Charlton’s trading plan provides for the potential sale of up to 26,124 shares of the Company’s common stock, including the potential exercise and sale of up to 14,002 shares of the Company’s common stock subject to stock options, until June 15, 2027 . This trading plan was entered into during an open insider trading window and is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Company’s policies regarding transactions in the Company’s securities.
On June 8, 2026 , Fredrik C. Widman , the Company’s Vice President, Corporate Controller , adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan. Mr. Widman’s trading plan provides for the potential sale of up to 19,026 shares of the Company’s common stock, including the potential exercise and sale of up to 16,346 shares of the Company’s common stock subject to stock options, until September 15, 2027 . This trading plan was entered into during an open insider trading window and is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Company’s policies regarding transactions in the Company’s securities.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit Number | Exhibit Description | Form | File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.1 | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as Amended. | 10-Q | 000-30713 | 3.1 | 7/23/2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.2 | Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company. | 10-Q | 000-30713 | 3.1 | 10/20/2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.3 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company. | 8-K | 000-30713 | 3.1 | 2/1/2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.1 | Intuitive Surgical, Inc. Amended and Restated 2010 Incentive Award Plan, as amended and restated. | 8-K | 000-30713 | 10.1 | 5/4/2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
31.1* | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
31.2* | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
32.1** | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
32.2** | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
101.INS* | Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File, because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
101.SCH* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
101.CAL* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
101.DEF* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
101.LAB* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
101.PRE* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
104* | Cover Page Interactive Data File – the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document (included in Exhibit 101). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
* Filed herewith.
** Furnished herewith.
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. | ||||||||
| By: | /s/ JAMIE E. SAMATH | |||||||
| Jamie E. Samath | ||||||||
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||||||||
| (Principal Financial Officer and duly authorized signatory) | ||||||||
Date: July 21, 2026
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