The IRS or a court may not respect the treatment of the notes described above, in which case the timing and character of any income
or loss on your notes could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, in 2007 Treasury and the IRS released a notice
requesting comments on the U.S. federal income tax treatment of “prepaid forward contracts” and similar instruments. The notice
focuses in particular on whether to require investors in these instruments to accrue income over the term of their investment. It also
asks for comments on a number of related topics, including the character of income or loss with respect to these instruments; the
relevance of factors such as the nature of the underlying property to which the instruments are linked; the degree, if any, to which
income (including any mandated accruals) realized by non-U.S. investors should be subject to withholding tax; and whether these
instruments are or should be subject to the constructive ownership regime described above. While the notice requests comments on
appropriate transition rules and effective dates, any Treasury regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of these
issues could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of an investment in the notes, possibly with retroactive effect. You
should consult your tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the notes, including the
potential application of the constructive ownership rules, possible alternative treatments and the issues presented by this notice.
The Estimated Value of the Notes
The estimated value of the notes set forth on the cover of this pricing supplement is equal to the sum of the values of the following
hypothetical components: (1) a fixed-income debt component with the same maturity as the notes, valued using the internal funding
rate described below, and (2) the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes. The estimated value of the
notes does not represent a minimum price at which JPMS would be willing to buy your notes in any secondary market (if any exists) at
any time. The internal funding rate used in the determination of the estimated value of the notes may differ from the market-implied
funding rate for vanilla fixed income instruments of a similar maturity issued by JPMorgan Chase & Co. or its affiliates. Any difference
may be based on, among other things, our and our affiliates’ view of the funding value of the notes as well as the higher issuance,
operational and ongoing liability management costs of the notes in comparison to those costs for the conventional fixed income
instruments of JPMorgan Chase & Co. This internal funding rate is based on certain market inputs and assumptions, which may prove
to be incorrect, and is intended to approximate the prevailing market replacement funding rate for the notes. The use of an internal
funding rate and any potential changes to that rate may have an adverse effect on the terms of the notes and any secondary market
prices of the notes. For additional information, see “Selected Risk Considerations — Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and
Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — The Estimated Value of the Notes Is Derived by Reference to an Internal Funding Rate” in this
pricing supplement.
The value of the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes is derived from internal pricing models of our
affiliates. These models are dependent on inputs such as the traded market prices of comparable derivative instruments and on
various other inputs, some of which are market-observable, and which can include volatility, interest rates and other factors, as well as
assumptions about future market events and/or environments. Accordingly, the estimated value of the notes is determined when the
terms of the notes are set based on market conditions and other relevant factors and assumptions existing at that time.
The estimated value of the notes does not represent future values of the notes and may differ from others’ estimates. Different pricing
models and assumptions could provide valuations for the notes that are greater than or less than the estimated value of the notes. In
addition, market conditions and other relevant factors in the future may change, and any assumptions may prove to be incorrect. On
future dates, the value of the notes could change significantly based on, among other things, changes in market conditions, our or
JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s creditworthiness, interest rate movements and other relevant factors, which may impact the price, if any, at
which JPMS would be willing to buy notes from you in secondary market transactions.
The estimated value of the notes will be lower than the original issue price of the notes because costs associated with selling,
structuring and hedging the notes are included in the original issue price of the notes. These costs include the selling commissions
paid to JPMS and other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers, the projected profits, if any, that our affiliates expect to realize for assuming
risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the notes, the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the notes and the fees, if
any, paid for third-party data analytics and/or electronic platform services. Because hedging our obligations entails risk and may be
influenced by market forces beyond our control, this hedging may result in a profit that is more or less than expected, or it may result in
a loss. A portion of the profits, if any, realized in hedging our obligations under the notes may be allowed to other affiliated or
unaffiliated dealers, and we or one or more of our affiliates will retain any remaining hedging profits. See “Selected Risk Considerations
— Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — The Estimated Value of the Notes Will Be Lower
Than the Original Issue Price (Price to Public) of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.
