| (a) | Amount beneficially owned:
(i) Immediately following the execution of the Securities Purchase Agreement with the Issuer on August 18, 2025 (the "SPA") (as disclosed in the Form 8-K filed by the Issuer with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 19, 2025), each of the Reporting Persons may have been deemed to have beneficial ownership of 829,873 shares of Common Stock, which consisted of (i) 375,440 shares of Common Stock held by Intracoastal and (ii) 454,433 shares of Common Stock to be issued to Intracoastal at the closing of the transaction contemplated by the SPA, and all such shares of Common Stock represent beneficial ownership of approximately 8.2% of the Common Stock, based on (1) 9,705,123 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of August 18, 2025, as reported by the Issuer, plus (2) 454,433 shares of Common Stock to be issued to Intracoastal at the closing of the transaction contemplated by the SPA. The foregoing excludes (I) 375,440 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of a warrant held by Intracoastal ("Intracoastal Warrant 1") because Intracoastal Warrant 1 is not exercisable until the effective date of stockholder approval of the issuance of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Intracoastal Warrant 1 (and Intracoastal Warrant 1 also contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 1 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 9.99% of the Common Stock), (II) 454,433 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of a warrant to be issued to Intracoastal at the closing of the transaction contemplated by the SPA ("Intracoastal Warrant 2") because Intracoastal Warrant 2 is not exercisable until the effective date of stockholder approval of the issuance of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Intracoastal Warrant 2 (and Intracoastal Warrant 2 also contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 2 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 9.99% of the Common Stock) and (III) 30,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of a second warrant held by Intracoastal ("Intracoastal Warrant 3") because Intracoastal Warrant 3 contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 3 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 4.99% of the Common Stock. Without such blocker provisions (and assuming Intracoastal Warrant 1 and Intracoastal Warrant 2 were currently exercisable), each of the Reporting Persons may have been deemed to have beneficial ownership of 1,689,746 shares of Common Stock.
(ii) As of the close of business on August 25, 2025, each of the Reporting Persons may have been deemed to have beneficial ownership of 405,440 shares of Common Stock, which consisted of (i) 375,440 shares of Common Stock held by Intracoastal and (ii) 30,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Intracoastal Warrant 3, and all such shares of Common Stock represent beneficial ownership of approximately 2.7% of the Common Stock, based on (1) 9,705,123 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of August 18, 2025, as reported by the Issuer, plus (2) 5,231,681 shares of Common Stock issued at the closing of the transaction contemplated by the SPA and (3) 30,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Intracoastal Warrant 3. The foregoing excludes (I) 375,440 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Intracoastal Warrant 1 because Intracoastal Warrant 1 is not exercisable until the effective date of stockholder approval of the issuance of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Intracoastal Warrant 1 (and Intracoastal Warrant 1 also contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 1 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 9.99% of the Common Stock) and (II) 454,433 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Intracoastal Warrant 2 because Intracoastal Warrant 2 is not exercisable until the effective date of stockholder approval of the issuance of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Intracoastal Warrant 2 (and Intracoastal Warrant 2 also contains a blocker provision under which the holder thereof does not have the right to exercise Intracoastal Warrant 2 to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exercise would result in beneficial ownership by the holder thereof, together with the holder's affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder's affiliates, of more than 9.99% of the Common Stock). Without such blocker provisions (and assuming Intracoastal Warrant 1 and Intracoastal Warrant 2 were currently exercisable), each of the Reporting Persons may have been deemed to have beneficial ownership of 1,235,313 shares of Common Stock. |