[10-Q] Stewart Information Services Corporation Quarterly Earnings Report

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549 

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☑    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025

or

☐    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission file number 001-02658

 STEWART INFORMATION SERVICES CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware									74-1677330
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)									(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1360 Post Oak Blvd.,			Suite 100
Houston,			Texas						77056
(Address of principal executive offices)									(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (713) 625-8100

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class			Trading Symbol(s)			Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1 par value per share			STC			New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    

Yes ☑  No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes ☑    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

☑

Large accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

Accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes ☐  No ☑

On July 29, 2025, there were 27,998,523 outstanding shares of the issuer's Common Stock.

FORM 10-Q QUARTERLY REPORT

QUARTER ENDED JUNE 30, 2025

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item						Page
			PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
1.			Financial Statements			3
2.			Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			18
3.			Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk			28
4.			Controls and Procedures			28
			PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
1.			Legal Proceedings			29
1A.			Risk Factors			29
2.			Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			29
5.			Other Information			29
6.			Exhibits			30
			Signature			30

As used in this report, “we,” “us,” “our,” "Registrant," the “Company” and “Stewart” mean Stewart Information Services Corporation and our subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.

2

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

			Three Months Ended   June 30,												Six Months Ended   June 30,
			2025						2024						2025						2024
			(in $'000, except per share)
Revenues
Direct title revenues			291,262						255,480						522,942						466,068
Agency title revenues			301,285						240,760						568,803						481,532
Real estate solutions			112,650						92,198						209,727						175,214
Operating revenues			705,197						588,438						1,301,472						1,122,814
Investment income			16,257						14,306						28,913						27,207
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)			727						(514)						3,780						6,524
			722,181						602,230						1,334,165						1,156,545
Expenses
Amounts retained by agencies			252,112						200,126						473,489						400,102
Employee costs			208,209						179,708						394,019						352,125
Other operating expenses			173,527						152,291						334,439						289,244
Title losses and related claims			21,454						21,090						39,156						38,472
Depreciation and amortization			15,150						15,198						30,472						30,582
Interest			4,953						4,812						9,914						9,869
			675,405						573,225						1,281,489						1,120,394
Income before taxes and noncontrolling interests			46,776						29,005						52,676						36,151
Income tax expense			(11,141)						(7,940)						(11,625)						(8,876)
Net income			35,635						21,065						41,051						27,275
Less net income attributable to noncontrolling interests			3,713						3,722						6,052						6,802
Net income attributable to Stewart			31,922						17,343						34,999						20,473
Net income			35,635						21,065						41,051						27,275
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes
Foreign currency translation adjustments			13,429						(1,256)						14,408						(5,726)
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments			734						114						6,090						(2,162)
Reclassification adjustments for realized gains and losses on investments			291						390						327						540
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes			14,454						(752)						20,825						(7,348)
Comprehensive income			50,089						20,313						61,876						19,927
Less net income attributable to noncontrolling interests			3,713						3,722						6,052						6,802
Comprehensive income attributable to Stewart			46,376						16,591						55,824						13,125
Basic average shares outstanding (000)			27,931						27,592						27,880						27,549
Basic earnings per share attributable to Stewart			1.14						0.63						1.26						0.74
Diluted average shares outstanding (000)			28,330						28,013						28,337						28,011
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Stewart			1.13						0.62						1.24						0.73

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

			June 30, 2025 (Unaudited)						December 31, 2024
			(in $'000, except share amounts)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents			178,101						216,298
Short-term investments			45,731						41,199
Investments, at fair value:
Debt securities (amortized cost of $609,597 and $599,287)			605,048						586,615
Equity securities			84,695						82,484
			689,743						669,099
Receivables:
Premiums from agencies			39,166						36,753
Trade and other			105,929						87,671
Income taxes			3,746						3,100
Notes			26,116						20,964
Allowance for uncollectible amounts			(8,890)						(7,725)
			166,067						140,763
Property and equipment:
Land			1,597						2,545
Buildings			16,164						19,836
Furniture and equipment			256,918						245,432
Accumulated depreciation			(191,512)						(180,200)
			83,167						87,613
Operating lease assets			113,615						102,210
Title plants, at cost			74,955						74,862
Goodwill			1,092,747						1,084,139
Intangible assets, net of amortization			158,348						173,075
Deferred tax assets			4,795						4,827
Other assets			173,888						136,060
			2,781,157						2,730,145
Liabilities
Notes payable			446,000						445,841
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities			203,903						214,580
Operating lease liabilities			129,787						118,835
Estimated title losses			523,085						511,534
Deferred tax liabilities			32,100						28,266
			1,334,875						1,319,056
Contingent liabilities and commitments
Stockholders’ equity
Common Stock ($1 par value) and additional paid-in capital			366,966						358,721
Retained earnings			1,096,023						1,089,484
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments			(18,978)						(33,386)
Net unrealized losses on debt securities investments			(3,594)						(10,011)
Treasury stock – 352,161 common shares, at cost			(2,666)						(2,666)
Stockholders’ equity attributable to Stewart			1,437,751						1,402,142
Noncontrolling interests			8,531						8,947
Total stockholders’ equity (27,939,997 and 27,763,691 shares outstanding)			1,446,282						1,411,089
			2,781,157						2,730,145

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

			Six Months Ended   June 30,
			2025						2024
			(in $'000)
Reconciliation of net income to cash provided (used) by operating activities:
Net income			41,051						27,275
Add (deduct):
Depreciation and amortization			30,472						30,582
Adjustments for bad debt provisions			1,565						1,155
Net realized and unrealized gains			(3,780)						(6,524)
Amortization of net discount on debt securities investments			(631)						(168)
Payments for title losses less than (in excess of) provisions			3,633						(11,550)
Adjustments for insurance recoveries of title losses			(308)						208
Increase in receivables – net			(21,409)						(19,184)
Increase in other assets – net			(23,006)						(11,275)
Decrease in accounts payable and other liabilities – net			(13,408)						(25,971)
Change in net deferred income taxes			33						360
Net income from equity method investments			(812)						(507)
Dividends received from equity method investments			1,071						613
Stock-based compensation expense			8,822						6,337
Other – net			208						184
Cash provided (used) by operating activities			23,501						(8,465)
Investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of investments in securities			36,984						20,971
Proceeds from matured investments in debt securities			47,792						51,775
Purchases of investments in securities			(72,241)						(58,368)
Net purchases of short-term investments			(2,696)						(4,781)
Purchases of property and equipment and other long-lived assets			(27,079)						(19,424)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment and other assets			2,837						81
Cash paid for acquisition of businesses and related assets			(8,523)						(8,247)
Increase in notes receivable			(6,000)						(7,320)
Purchases of cost-basis and other investments			(1,418)						(31,620)
Other – net			848						662
Cash used by investing activities			(29,496)						(56,271)
Financing activities:
Proceeds from notes payable			995						3,387
Payments on notes payable			(1,115)						(3,378)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests			(6,468)						(7,443)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests			—						54
Repurchases of Common Stock			(3,474)						(3,517)
Proceeds from stock option and employee stock purchase plan exercises			2,897						3,811
Cash dividends paid			(27,911)						(26,180)
Payment of contingent consideration related to acquisitions			(445)						(302)
Cash used by financing activities			(35,521)						(33,568)
Effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates			3,319						(1,656)
Change in cash and cash equivalents			(38,197)						(99,960)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period			216,298						233,365
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period			178,101						133,405

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

			Common Stock						Additional paid-in capital						Retained earnings						Accumulated other comprehensive loss						Treasury stock						Noncontrolling interests						Total
			(in $'000)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Balance at December 31, 2024			28,117						330,604						1,089,484						(43,397)						(2,666)						8,947						1,411,089
Net income attributable to Stewart			—						—						34,999						—						—						—						34,999
Dividends on Common Stock ($1.00 per share)			—						—						(28,460)						—						—						—						(28,460)
Stock-based compensation			172						8,650						—						—						—						—						8,822
Stock repurchases			(50)						(3,424)						—						—						—						—						(3,474)
Stock option and employee stock purchase plan exercises			54						2,843						—						—						—						—						2,897
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes			—						—						—						6,090						—						—						6,090
Reclassification adjustment for realized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes			—						—						—						327						—						—						327
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of taxes			—						—						—						14,408						—						—						14,408
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests			—						—						—						—						—						6,052						6,052
Distributions to noncontrolling interests			—						—						—						—						—						(6,394)						(6,394)
Net effect of other changes in ownership			—						—						—						—						—						(74)						(74)
Balance at June 30, 2025			28,293						338,673						1,096,023						(22,572)						(2,666)						8,531						1,446,282
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Balance at December 31, 2023			27,723						310,728						1,070,841						(35,215)						(2,666)						7,138						1,378,549
Net income attributable to Stewart			—						—						20,473						—						—						—						20,473
Dividends on Common Stock ($0.95 per share)			—						—						(26,444)						—						—						—						(26,444)
Stock-based compensation			186						6,151						—						—						—						—						6,337
Stock repurchases			(57)						(3,460)						—						—						—						—						(3,517)
Stock option and employee stock purchase plan exercises			99						3,712						—						—						—						—						3,811
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes			—						—						—						(2,162)						—						—						(2,162)
Reclassification adjustment for realized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes, net of taxes			—						—						—						540						—						—						540
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of taxes			—						—						—						(5,726)						—						—						(5,726)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests			—						—						—						—						—						6,802						6,802
Distributions to noncontrolling interests			—						—						—						—						—						(7,443)						(7,443)
Net effect of other changes in ownership			—						—						—						—						—						54						54
Balance at June 30, 2024			27,951						317,131						1,064,870						(42,563)						(2,666)						6,551						1,371,274

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

			Common Stock						Additional paid-in capital						Retained earnings						Accumulated other comprehensive loss						Treasury stock						Noncontrolling interests						Total
			($000 omitted)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Balance at March 31, 2025			28,273						333,468						1,078,378						(37,026)						(2,666)						7,436						1,407,863
Net income attributable to Stewart			—						—						31,922						—						—						—						31,922
Dividends on Common Stock ($0.50 per share)			—						—						(14,277)						—						—						—						(14,277)
Stock-based compensation			22						5,312						—						—						—						—						5,334
Stock repurchases			(2)						(107)						—						—						—						—						(109)
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes			—						—						—						734						—						—						734
Reclassification adjustment for realized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes			—						—						—						291						—						—						291
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of taxes			—						—						—						13,429						—						—						13,429
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests			—						—						—						—						—						3,713						3,713
Distributions to noncontrolling interests			—						—						—						—						—						(2,544)						(2,544)
Net effect of other changes in ownership			—						—						—						—						—						(74)						(74)
Balance at June 30, 2025			28,293						338,673						1,096,023						(22,572)						(2,666)						8,531						1,446,282
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Balance at March 31, 2024			27,933						313,381						1,060,808						(41,811)						(2,666)						6,498						1,364,143
Net income attributable to Stewart			—						—						17,343						—						—						—						17,343
Dividends on Common Stock ($0.48 per share)			—						—						(13,281)						—						—						—						(13,281)
Stock-based compensation			14						3,653						—						—						—						—						3,667
Stock repurchases			(2)						(125)						—						—						—						—						(127)
Stock option exercises			6						222																														228
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes			—						—						—						114						—						—						114
Reclassification adjustment for realized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes, net of taxes			—						—						—						390						—						—						390
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of taxes			—						—						—						(1,256)						—						—						(1,256)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests			—						—						—						—						—						3,722						3,722
Distributions to noncontrolling interests			—						—						—						—						—						(3,723)						(3,723)
Net effect of other changes in ownership			—						—						—						—						—						54						54
Balance at June 30, 2024			27,951						317,131						1,064,870						(42,563)						(2,666)						6,551						1,371,274

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1

Interim financial statements. The financial information contained in this report for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, and as of June 30, 2025, is unaudited. This report should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2025 (2024 Form 10-K).

A. Management’s responsibility. The accompanying interim financial statements were prepared by management, which is responsible for their integrity and objectivity. These financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the United States (U.S.) generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), including management’s best judgments and estimates. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of this information for all interim periods, consisting only of normal recurring accruals, have been made. The Company’s results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year and actual results could differ.

B. Consolidation. The condensed consolidated financial statements include all subsidiaries in which the Company owns more than 50% voting rights in electing directors. All significant intercompany amounts and transactions have been eliminated and provisions have been made for noncontrolling interests. Unconsolidated investees, in which the Company typically owns from 20% to 50% of the voting stock, are accounted for using the equity method.

C. Restrictions on cash and investments. The Company maintains investments in accordance with certain statutory requirements in the states of domicile of our underwriters for the funding of statutory premium reserves. Statutory reserve funds are required to be fully funded and invested in high-quality securities and short-term investments. Statutory reserve funds are not available for current claim payments, which must be funded from current operating cash flow. Included in investments in debt and equity securities are statutory reserve funds of approximately $516.3 million and $535.5 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. In addition, included within cash and cash equivalents are statutory reserve funds of approximately $7.4 million and $9.5 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Although these cash statutory reserve funds are not restricted or segregated in depository accounts, they are required to be held pursuant to state statutes. If the Company fails to maintain minimum investments or cash and cash equivalents sufficient to meet statutory requirements, the Company may be subject to fines or other penalties, including potential revocation of its business license. These funds are not available for any other purpose. In the event that insurance regulators adjust the determination of the statutory premium reserves of the Company’s title insurers, these restricted funds as well as statutory surplus would correspondingly increase or decrease.

D. Recently enacted law. On July 4, 2025, H.R. 1, the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" (OBBBA) was signed into law in the U.S and includes changes to corporate and international tax provisions, among other changes. Based on management's preliminary analysis, the provisions of the OBBBA are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. Management will continue to assess the potential effects of the new legislation and will update disclosures as appropriate.

8

NOTE 2

Revenues. The Company's operating revenues, summarized by type, are as follows:

			Three Months Ended   June 30,												Six Months Ended   June 30,
			2025						2024						2025						2024
			(in $ thousands)
Title insurance premiums:
Direct			200,680						173,813						363,504						315,512
Agency			301,285						240,760						568,803						481,532
Escrow fees			46,698						42,195						81,176						75,738
Real estate solutions and abstract fees			130,790						109,473						244,256						206,847
Other revenues			25,744						22,197						43,733						43,185
			705,197						588,438						1,301,472						1,122,814

NOTE 3

Investments in debt and equity securities. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the net unrealized investment gains relating to investments in equity securities held were $28.2 million and $23.2 million, respectively (refer to Note 5).

The amortized costs and fair values of investments in debt securities are as follows:

			June 30, 2025												December 31, 2024
			Amortized costs						Fair values						Amortized costs						Fair values
			(in $ thousands)
Municipal			12,322						12,248						14,563						14,415
Corporate			199,623						195,174						219,015						210,307
Foreign			345,501						345,388						316,247						313,619
U.S. Treasury Bonds			52,151						52,238						49,462						48,274
			609,597						605,048						599,287						586,615

Foreign debt securities consist of Canadian government, provincial and corporate bonds, United Kingdom treasury and corporate bonds, and Mexican government bonds.

Gross unrealized gains and losses on investments in debt securities are as follows:

			June 30, 2025												December 31, 2024
			Gains						Losses						Gains						Losses
			(in $ thousands)
Municipal			1						75						1						149
Corporate			1,319						5,768						524						9,232
Foreign			3,849						3,962						2,979						5,607
U.S. Treasury Bonds			373						286						5						1,193
			5,542						10,091						3,509						16,181

9

Debt securities as of June 30, 2025 mature, according to their contractual terms, as follows (actual maturities may differ due to call or prepayment rights):

			Amortized costs						Fair values
			(in $ thousands)
In one year or less			93,080						92,360
After one year through five years			296,715						294,674
After five years through ten years			207,210						206,811
After ten years			12,592						11,203
			609,597						605,048

Gross unrealized losses on investments in debt securities and the fair values of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at June 30, 2025, were:

			Less than 12 months												More than 12 months												Total
			Losses						Fair values						Losses						Fair values						Losses						Fair values
			(in $ thousands)
Municipal			13						3,561						62						7,436						75						10,997
Corporate			12						5,375						5,756						136,474						5,768						141,849
Foreign			311						58,642						3,651						131,194						3,962						189,836
U.S. Treasury Bonds			136						19,452						150						6,745						286						26,197
			472						87,030						9,619						281,849						10,091						368,879

The number of specific debt investment holdings held in an unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2025 was 221. Of these securities, 168 were in unrealized loss positions for more than 12 months. Total gross unrealized investment losses at June 30, 2025 decreased compared to December 31, 2024, primarily due to lower interest rates in the first six months of 2025. Since the Company does not intend to sell and will more likely than not maintain each investment security until its maturity or anticipated recovery in value, and no significant credit risk is deemed to exist, these investments are not considered as credit-impaired. The Company believes its investment portfolio is diversified and expects no material loss to result from the failure to perform by issuers of the debt securities it holds. Investments made by the Company are not collateralized.

Gross unrealized losses on investments in debt securities and the fair values of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2024, were:

			Less than 12 months												More than 12 months												Total
			Losses						Fair values						Losses						Fair values						Losses						Fair values
			(in $ thousands)
Municipal			32						5,204						117						7,960						149						13,164
Corporate			194						19,253						9,038						168,289						9,232						187,542
Foreign			349						32,664						5,258						145,656						5,607						178,320
U.S. Treasury Bonds			878						33,689						315						12,142						1,193						45,831
			1,453						90,810						14,728						334,047						16,181						424,857

NOTE 4

Fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal, or most advantageous, market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Under U.S. GAAP, there is a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs when possible.

10

The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

•Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•Level 2 – observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data; and

•Level 3 – unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair values of the assets or liabilities, including certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

As of June 30, 2025, financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:

			Level 1						Level 2						Fair value measurements
			(in $ thousands)
Investments in securities:
Debt securities:
Municipal			—						12,248						12,248
Corporate			—						195,174						195,174
Foreign			—						345,388						345,388
U.S. Treasury Bonds			—						52,238						52,238
Equity securities			84,695						—						84,695
			84,695						605,048						689,743

As of December 31, 2024, financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:

			Level 1						Level 2						Fair value measurements
			(in $ thousands)
Investments in securities:
Debt securities:
Municipal			—						14,415						14,415
Corporate			—						210,307						210,307
Foreign			—						313,619						313,619
U.S. Treasury Bonds			—						48,274						48,274
Equity securities			82,484						—						82,484
			82,484						586,615						669,099

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Level 1 financial instruments consist of equity securities. Level 2 financial instruments consist of municipal, governmental, and corporate bonds, both U.S. and foreign. In accordance with the Company’s policies and guidelines which incorporate relevant statutory requirements, the Company’s third-party registered investment manager invests only in securities rated as investment grade or higher by the major rating services, where observable valuation inputs are significant. The fair value of the Company's investments in debt and equity securities is primarily determined using a third-party pricing service provider. The third-party pricing service provider calculates the fair values using both market approach and model valuation methods, as well as pricing information obtained from brokers, dealers and custodians. Management ensures the reasonableness of the third-party service valuations by comparing them with pricing information from the Company's investment manager.

11

NOTE 5

Net realized and unrealized gains (losses). Realized and unrealized gains and losses are detailed as follows:

			Three Months Ended   June 30,												Six Months Ended   June 30,
			2025						2024						2025						2024
			(in $ thousands)
Realized gains			42						116						598						218
Realized losses			(1,714)						(89)						(2,392)						(380)
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) recognized on equity securities still held			2,399						(541)						5,574						6,686
			727						(514)						3,780						6,524

Realized losses during the second quarter and first six months of 2025 included a $1.2 million loss related to an acquisition contingent liability adjustment.

Investment gains and losses recognized related to investments in equity securities are as follows:

			Three Months Ended   June 30,												Six Months Ended   June 30,
			2025						2024						2025						2024
			(in $ thousands)
Net investment gains (losses) recognized on equity securities during the period			2,399						(541)						5,253						6,693
Less: Net realized (losses) gains on equity securities sold during the period			—						—						(321)						7
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) recognized on equity securities still held			2,399						(541)						5,574						6,686

Proceeds from sales of investments in securities are as follows:

			Three Months Ended   June 30,												Six Months Ended   June 30,
			2025						2024						2025						2024
			(in $ thousands)
Proceeds from sales of debt securities			20,967						1						33,511						20,768
Proceeds from sales of equity securities			8						96						3,473						203
Total proceeds from sales of investments in securities			20,975						97						36,984						20,971

NOTE 6

Goodwill. The summary of changes in goodwill is as follows:

			Title						Real Estate Solutions												Consolidated Total
			(in $ thousands)
Balances at December 31, 2024			719,945						364,194												1,084,139
Acquisitions			8,608						—												8,608
Balances at June 30, 2025			728,553						364,194												1,092,747

During the first six months of 2025, goodwill recorded in the title segment was related to acquisitions of title offices.

12

NOTE 7

Estimated title losses. A summary of estimated title losses for the six months ended June 30 is as follows:

			2025						2024
			(in $ thousands)
Balances at January 1			511,534						528,269
Provisions:
Current year			38,401						37,793
Previous policy years			755						679
Total provisions			39,156						38,472
Payments, net of recoveries:
Current year			(7,661)						(9,276)
Previous policy years			(27,862)						(40,746)
Total payments, net of recoveries			(35,523)						(50,022)
Effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates			7,918						(4,273)
Balances at June 30			523,085						512,446
Loss ratios as a percentage of title operating revenues:
Current year provisions			3.5		%				4.0		%
Total provisions			3.6		%				4.1		%

NOTE 8

Share-based payments. As part of its incentive compensation program for executives and senior management employees, the Company provides share-based awards, which primarily include a combination of time-based restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units and are typically granted annually during the first quarter of the year. Each restricted stock unit represents a contractual right to receive a share of the Company's Common Stock. The time-based units generally vest on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date, while the performance-based units vest upon achievement of certain financial objectives and an employee service requirement over a period of approximately three years. The Company has not granted stock options since 2021 and all outstanding stock option awards are already fully vested. The compensation expense associated with the share-based awards is calculated based on the fair value of the related award and recognized over the corresponding vesting period.

During the first six months of 2025 and 2024, the Company granted time-based and performance-based restricted stock units with aggregate grant-date fair values of $15.3 million (215,000 units with an average grant price per unit of $71.36) and $13.8 million (225,000 units with an average grant price per unit of $61.44), respectively.

13

NOTE 9

Earnings per share. Basic earnings per share (EPS) attributable to Stewart is calculated by dividing net income attributable to Stewart by the weighted-average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the reporting periods. To calculate diluted EPS, the number of shares is adjusted to include the number of additional shares that would have been outstanding if restricted units were vested and issued and stock options were exercised. In periods of net losses, dilutive shares are excluded from the calculation of the diluted EPS and diluted EPS is computed in the same manner as basic EPS.

The calculation of the basic and diluted EPS is as follows:

			Three Months Ended   June 30,												Six Months Ended   June 30,
			2025						2024						2025						2024
Numerator:
Net income attributable to Stewart (in $'000)			31,922						17,343						34,999						20,473
Denominator (in '000):
Basic average shares outstanding			27,931						27,592						27,880						27,549
Average number of dilutive shares relating to options			182						211						193						206
Average number of dilutive shares relating to restricted units			217						210						264						256
Diluted average shares outstanding			28,330						28,013						28,337						28,011
Basic earnings per share attributable to Stewart ($)			1.14						0.63						1.26						0.74
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Stewart ($)			1.13						0.62						1.24						0.73

NOTE 10

Contingent liabilities and commitments. In the ordinary course of business, the Company guarantees the third-party indebtedness of certain of its consolidated subsidiaries. As of June 30, 2025, the maximum potential future payments on the guarantees are not more than the related notes payable recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company also guarantees the indebtedness related to lease obligations of certain of its consolidated subsidiaries. The maximum future obligations arising from these lease-related guarantees are not more than the Company’s future lease obligations, as presented on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, plus lease operating expenses. As of June 30, 2025, the Company also had unused letters of credit aggregating $4.9 million related to workers’ compensation and other insurance. The Company does not expect to make any payments on these guarantees.

NOTE 11

Regulatory and legal developments. The Company is subject to claims and lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of its business, most of which involve disputed policy claims. In some of these lawsuits, the plaintiffs seek exemplary or treble damages in excess of policy limits. The Company does not expect that any of these ordinary course proceedings will have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial condition or results of operations. The Company believes that it has adequate reserves for the various litigation matters and contingencies referred to in this paragraph and that the likely resolution of these matters will not materially affect its consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

14

The Company is subject to non-ordinary course of business claims or lawsuits from time to time. To the extent the Company is currently the subject of these types of lawsuits, the Company has determined either that a loss is not reasonably possible or that the estimated loss or range of loss, if any, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Additionally, the Company occasionally receives various inquiries from governmental regulators concerning practices in the insurance industry. Many of these practices do not concern title insurance. To the extent the Company is in receipt of such inquiries, it believes that, where appropriate, it has adequately reserved for these matters and does not anticipate that the outcome of these inquiries will materially affect its consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

The Company is subject to various other administrative actions, investigations and inquiries into its business conduct in certain of the states in which it operates. While the Company cannot predict the outcome of the various regulatory and administrative matters, it believes that it has adequately reserved for these matters and does not anticipate that the outcome of any of these matters will materially affect its consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

NOTE 12

Segment information. The Company's chief operating decision maker (CODM) is the chief executive officer, who evaluates the performance of and allocates resources to its three reportable segments: title insurance and related services (title), real estate solutions, and corporate. The Company uses revenues and pretax income in assessing segment performance and trends. The title segment provides services needed to transfer title to property in a real estate transaction and includes services such as searching, abstracting, examining, closing and insuring the condition of the title to the property. In addition, the title segment includes home and personal insurance services, Internal Revenue Code Section 1031 tax-deferred exchanges, and digital customer engagement platform services. The real estate solutions segment supports the real estate industry and primarily includes credit and real estate information services, valuation services, online notarization and closing services, and capital markets search services. The corporate segment is primarily comprised of the parent holding company and centralized support services departments.

Statement of income information related to these reportable segments, including major expense captions used to calculate pretax income, is as follows:

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2025						2024						2025						2024
			(in $ thousands)												(in $ thousands)
Title:
Revenues			609,548						510,035						1,124,423						981,387
Expenses
Amounts retained by agencies			252,112						200,126						473,489						400,102
Employee costs			189,549						162,916						358,036						319,718
Other operating expenses			88,252						83,616						174,759						161,516
Title losses and related claims			21,454						21,090						39,156						38,472
Depreciation and amortization			8,443						8,536						17,057						17,266
Interest			424						380						846						759
			560,234						476,664						1,063,343						937,833
Pretax income			49,314						33,371						61,080						43,554

15

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2025						2024						2025						2024
			(in $ thousands)												(in $ thousands)
Real estate solutions:
Revenues			112,674						92,222						209,785						175,263
Expenses
Employee costs			15,437						13,583						29,172						25,801
Other operating expenses			84,072						67,252						157,015						125,070
Depreciation and amortization			6,424						6,264						12,796						12,538
Interest			—						7						2						7
			105,933						87,106						198,985						163,416
Pretax income			6,741						5,116						10,800						11,847

Corporate:
Revenues (net realized losses)			(41)						(27)						(43)						(105)
Expenses
Employee costs			3,223						3,209						6,811						6,606
Other operating expenses			1,203						1,423						2,665						2,658
Depreciation and amortization			283						398						619						778
Interest			4,529						4,425						9,066						9,103
			9,238						9,455						19,161						19,145
Pretax loss			(9,279)						(9,482)						(19,204)						(19,250)

Consolidated Stewart:
Revenues			722,181						602,230						1,334,165						1,156,545
Expenses
Amounts retained by agencies			252,112						200,126						473,489						400,102
Employee costs			208,209						179,708						394,019						352,125
Other operating expenses			173,527						152,291						334,439						289,244
Title losses and related claims			21,454						21,090						39,156						38,472
Depreciation and amortization			15,150						15,198						30,472						30,582
Interest			4,953						4,812						9,914						9,869
			675,405						573,225						1,281,489						1,120,394
Pretax income			46,776						29,005						52,676						36,151

The Company does not provide asset information by reportable operating segment as it does not routinely evaluate the asset position by segment.

Total revenues generated in the United States and all international operations are as follows:

			Three Months Ended   June 30,												Six Months Ended   June 30,
			2025						2024						2025						2024
			(in $ thousands)
United States			682,144						563,839						1,263,719						1,088,861
International			40,037						38,391						70,446						67,684
			722,181						602,230						1,334,165						1,156,545

16

NOTE 13

Other comprehensive income (loss). Changes in the balances of each component of other comprehensive income (loss) and the related tax effects are as follows:

			Three Months Ended   June 30, 2025												Three Months Ended   June 30, 2024
			Before-Tax Amount			Tax Expense (Benefit)			Net-of-Tax Amount						Before-Tax Amount			Tax Expense (Benefit)			Net-of-Tax Amount
			(in $ thousands)
Net unrealized gains and losses on investments:
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments			930			196			734						145			31			114
Reclassification adjustments for realized gains and losses on investments			368			77			291						493			103			390
			1,298			273			1,025						638			134			504
Foreign currency translation adjustments			15,099			1,670			13,429						(1,685)			(429)			(1,256)
Other comprehensive income (loss)			16,397			1,943			14,454						(1,047)			(295)			(752)

			Six Months Ended   June 30, 2025												Six Months Ended   June 30, 2024
			Before-Tax Amount			Tax Expense (Benefit)			Net-of-Tax Amount						Before-Tax Amount			Tax Expense (Benefit)			Net-of-Tax Amount
			($000 omitted)
Net unrealized gains and losses on investments:
Change in net unrealized gains and losses on investments			7,709			1,619			6,090						(2,736)			(574)			(2,162)
Reclassification adjustment for realized gains and losses on investments			414			87			327						683			143			540
			8,123			1,706			6,417						(2,053)			(431)			(1,622)
Foreign currency translation adjustments			16,535			2,127			14,408						(7,088)			(1,362)			(5,726)
Other comprehensive income (loss)			24,658			3,833			20,825						(9,141)			(1,793)			(7,348)

17

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

MANAGEMENT’S OVERVIEW

Second quarter 2025 overview. We reported net income attributable to Stewart of $31.9 million ($1.13 per diluted share) for the second quarter 2025, compared to net income of $17.3 million ($0.62 per diluted share) for the second quarter 2024. Pretax income before noncontrolling interests for the second quarter 2025 was $46.8 million compared to pretax income before noncontrolling interests of $29.0 million for the prior year quarter. The second quarter 2025 results included $0.7 million of pretax net realized and unrealized gains, primarily resulting from $2.4 million of net unrealized gains on fair value changes of equity securities investments, partially offset by a $1.2 million acquisition liability adjustment loss in the title segment. Second quarter 2024 results included $0.5 million of pretax net realized and unrealized losses primarily driven by net unrealized losses on fair value changes of equity securities investments in the title segment.

Summary results of the title segment are as follows ($ in millions, except pretax margin):

			For the Three Months Ended June 30,
			2025						2024						% Change
Operating revenues			592.5						496.2						19		%
Investment income			16.2						14.3						14		%
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)			0.8						(0.5)						258		%
Pretax income			49.3						33.4						48		%
Pretax margin			8.1		%				6.5		%

Title segment operating revenues in the second quarter 2025 increased $96.3 million, or 19%, with improved revenues from both our direct and agency title operations compared to the second quarter 2024, while investment income improved $2.0 million, or 14%, compared to the prior year quarter, primarily driven by higher interest and dividend income in the second quarter 2025. Total segment operating expenses in the second quarter 2025 increased $83.6 million, or 18%, with agency retention expenses increasing $52.0 million, or 26%, in line with the gross agency revenue increase of $60.5 million, or 25%, compared to the prior year quarter.

Total title segment employee costs and other operating expenses in the second quarter 2025 increased $31.3 million, or 13%, primarily due to increased incentive compensation and outside search and service expenses consistent with higher title revenues, and higher salaries expense related to increased employee count compared to the second quarter 2024. As a percentage of operating revenues, total title employee costs and other operating expenses improved to 46.9% in the second quarter 2025 compared to 49.7% in the second quarter 2024, primarily due to increased title operating revenues.

Title loss expense in the second quarter 2025 was $21.5 million, compared to $21.1 million in the prior year quarter. As a percentage of title operating revenues, second quarter 2025 title loss expense improved to 3.6%, compared to 4.2% in the second quarter 2024, primarily driven by our continued overall favorable claims experience.

Summary results of the real estate solutions segment are as follows ($ in millions, except pretax margin):

			For the Three Months Ended June 30,
			2025						2024						% Change
Operating revenues			112.7						92.2						22		%
Pretax income			6.7						5.1						32		%
Pretax margin			6.0		%				5.5		%

18

The real estate solutions segment's operating revenues increased $20.5 million, or 22%, in the second quarter 2025, primarily driven by increased revenues from our credit information and valuation services operations compared to the second quarter 2024. Combined segment employee costs and other operating expenses increased $18.7 million, or 23%, primarily resulting from increased costs of services related to credit information and valuation services, and higher employee costs supporting revenue growth.

In regard to the corporate segment, pretax results were driven by net expenses attributable to corporate operations, which totaled $9.2 million in the second quarter 2025 compared to $9.5 million in the second quarter 2024.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of certain assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures surrounding contingencies and commitments. Actual results can differ from our accounting estimates. While we do not anticipate significant changes in our estimates, there is a risk that such changes could have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations for future periods. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, we made no material changes to our critical accounting estimates as previously disclosed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis in the 2024 Form 10-K.

Operations. Our primary business is title insurance and settlement-related services. We close transactions and issue title policies on homes, commercial and other real properties located in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and international markets through policy-issuing offices, agencies and centralized title services centers. Our real estate solutions operations include credit and real estate information services, valuation services, online notarization and closing services, and capital markets search services. The corporate segment includes our parent holding company and centralized support services departments.

Factors affecting revenues. The principal factors that contribute to changes in our operating revenues include:

•interest rates;

•availability of mortgage loans;

•number and average value of mortgage loan originations;

•ability of potential purchasers to qualify for loans;

•inventory of existing homes available for sale;

•ratio of purchase transactions compared with refinance transactions;

•ratio of closed orders to open orders;

•home prices;

•consumer confidence, including employment trends;

•demand by buyers;

•premium rates and related state regulations;

•foreign currency exchange rates;

•market share;

•ability to attract and retain highly productive sales associates;

•independent agency remittance rates;

•opening and integration of new offices and acquisitions;

•office closures;

•number and value of commercial transactions, which typically yield higher premiums;

•government or regulatory initiatives;

•acquisitions or divestitures of businesses;

•volume of distressed property transactions; and

•seasonality and/or weather.

19

Premiums are determined in part by the values of the transactions we handle. To the extent inflation or market conditions cause increases in the prices of homes and other real estate, premium revenues are also increased. Conversely, falling home prices cause premium revenues to decline. Home price changes may override the seasonal nature of the title insurance business. Historically, our first quarter is the least active in terms of title insurance revenues as home buying is generally depressed during winter months. Our second and third quarters are typically the most active as the summer is the traditional home buying season, and while commercial transaction closings are skewed to the end of the year, individually large commercial transactions can occur any time of the year. On average, title premium rates for refinance orders are lower compared to a similarly priced purchase transaction.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Comparisons of our results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 with the corresponding periods in the prior year are set forth below. Factors contributing to fluctuations in the results of operations are presented in the order of their monetary significance, and we have quantified, when necessary, significant changes. Segment results are included in the discussions and, when relevant, are discussed separately.

Our statements on home sales, interest rates and loan activity are based on published U.S. industry data from sources including Fannie Mae, the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA), the National Association of Realtors (NAR) and the U.S. Census Bureau as of June 30, 2025. We also use information from our direct operations.

Operating environment. Existing home sales in June 2025 were 3.9 million units (seasonally-adjusted basis), which were similar to a year ago and 3% lower compared to May 2025, primarily due to the continuing elevated mortgage rates and rising home prices which have caused home sales to remain at cyclical lows. According to NAR, the June 2025 median home price of $435,000 marked the 24th consecutive month of year-over-year median price increases and was up 2% and 3% from June 2024 and May 2025, respectively, further affecting housing affordability. As a result, unsold home inventory in the U.S. in June 2025 increased 16% compared to last year. On new residential construction, U.S. housing starts (seasonally-adjusted) in June 2025 were 5% higher than May 2025 and comparable to June 2024, while newly-issued building permits in June 2025 were comparable to May 2025 and 4% lower compared to June 2024.

Based on averaged estimates by Fannie Mae and MBA, total U.S. single family mortgage originations increased 24% to $532 billion during the second quarter 2025, primarily driven by higher refinancing originations compared to the second quarter 2024. The 30-year fixed mortgage interest rate slightly declined to an average of 6.8% during the second quarter 2025 compared to 7.0% from the second quarter 2024. It is expected that the interest rate will gradually decline during the rest of the year and will average around 6.6% by the end of 2025. Third quarter 2025 existing homes sales (seasonally-adjusted) are expected to increase 3%, with new homes sales staying flat, while total loan originations (primarily refinancing transactions) are forecasted to improve 2% compared to the second quarter 2025.

Title revenues. Direct title revenue information is presented below:

			Three Months Ended June 30,																					Six Months Ended June 30,
			2025						2024						Change			% Chg						2025						2024						Change			% Chg
			(in $ millions)																					($ in millions)
Non-commercial
Domestic			179.6						169.4						10.2			6		%				314.2						304.6						9.6			3		%
International			29.7						28.1						1.6			6		%				51.6						47.3						4.3			9		%
			209.3						197.5						11.8			6		%				365.8						351.9						13.9			4		%
Commercial:
Domestic			74.6						51.0						23.6			46		%				144.0						100.8						43.2			43		%
International			7.4						7.0						0.4			6		%				13.1						13.4						(0.3)			(2)		%
			82.0						58.0						24.0			41		%				157.1						114.2						42.9			38		%
Total direct title revenues			291.3						255.5						35.8			14		%				522.9						466.1						56.8			12		%

20

Domestic non-commercial revenues increased 6% and 3% in the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, primarily resulting from increased transactions related to residential refinancing and real estate investors compared to the same periods in 2024. Average residential fee per file for the second quarter and first six months of 2025 were $2,900 and $3,000, respectively, compared to $3,000 for both the same periods in 2024.

Domestic commercial revenues improved 46% and 43% in the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2024, primarily driven by improved average transaction size and increased commercial closed transactions, primarily from the energy, mixed-use, retail, hospitality, data center and land development sectors. Average domestic commercial fee per file increased 25% to $16,900 in the second quarter 2025 and 19% to $16,300 in the first six months of 2025, compared to $13,500 and $13,700, respectively, in the same periods in 2024.

Total international revenues improved $2.0 million, or 6%, and $4.0 million, or 7%, in the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, primarily driven by overall increased volumes compared to the same periods in 2024.

Orders information for the three and six months ended June 30 is as follows:

			Three Months Ended June 30,															Six Months Ended June 30,
			2025			2024			Change			% Chg						2025			2024			Change			% Chg
Opened Orders:
Commercial			4,526			3,526			1,000			28		%				8,854			7,219			1,635			23		%
Purchase			52,793			55,057			(2,264)			(4)		%				99,043			103,081			(4,038)			(4)		%
Refinance			19,736			16,731			3,005			18		%				37,298			33,102			4,196			13		%
Other*			12,591			11,407			1,184			10		%				23,394			22,654			740			3		%
Total			89,646			86,721			2,925			3		%				168,589			166,056			2,533			2		%
Closed Orders:
Commercial			4,415			3,787			628			17		%				8,805			7,355			1,450			20		%
Purchase			35,886			37,832			(1,946)			(5)		%				62,666			67,576			(4,910)			(7)		%
Refinance			12,165			9,978			2,187			22		%				22,063			19,331			2,732			14		%
Other*			14,128			7,902			6,226			79		%				18,733			15,696			3,037			19		%
Total			66,594			59,499			7,095			12		%				112,267			109,958			2,309			2		%

*Other orders are primarily related to real estate investor and reverse mortgage transactions.

Gross revenues from independent agency operations increased $60.5 million, or 25%, and $87.3 million, or 18%, in the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, primarily due to improved volumes in our key agency states compared to the same periods in 2024. Agency revenues, net of retention, increased $8.5 million, or 21%, and $13.9 million, or 17%, in the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, in line with the gross agency revenue increases. Refer further to the "Retention by agencies" discussion under Expenses below.

Real estate solutions revenues. Real estate solutions revenues improved $20.5 million, or 22%, in the second quarter 2025 and $34.5 million, or 20%, in the first six months of 2025, primarily driven by higher revenues from our credit information and valuation services businesses compared to the same periods in 2024.

Investment income. Investment income in the second quarter and first six months of 2025 increased $2.0 million, or 14%, and $1.7 million, or 6%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024, primarily driven by higher interest and dividend income derived from our bond and cost-basis investments in 2025.

Net realized and unrealized gains (losses). Refer to Note 5 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

21

Expenses. An analysis of expenses is shown below:

			Three Months Ended June 30,																					Six Months Ended June 30,
			2025						2024						Change*			% Chg						2025						2024						Change*			% Chg
			(in $ millions)																					($ in millions)
Amounts retained by agencies			252.1						200.1						52.0			26		%				473.5						400.1						73.4			18		%
As a % of agency revenues			83.7		%				83.1		%													83.2		%				83.1		%
Employee costs			208.2						179.7						28.5			16		%				394.0						352.1						41.9			12		%
As a % of operating revenues			29.5		%				30.5		%													30.3		%				31.4		%
Other operating expenses			173.5						152.3						21.2			14		%				334.4						289.2						45.2			16		%
As a % of operating revenues			24.6		%				25.9		%													25.7		%				25.8		%
Title losses and related claims			21.5						21.1						0.4			2		%				39.2						38.5						0.7			2		%
As a % of title revenues			3.6		%				4.2		%													3.6		%				4.1		%

*May not foot due to rounding.

Retention by agencies. Amounts retained by title agencies are based on agreements between agencies and our title underwriters. Amounts retained by independent agencies, as a percentage of revenues generated by them, averaged 83.7% and 83.2% in the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to 83.2% and 83.1% in the second quarter and first six months of 2024, respectively, primarily as a result of increased revenues in 2025 from states with relatively higher retention rates. The average retention percentage may vary from period to period due to the geographical mix of agency operations, the volume of title revenues and, in some states, laws or regulations. Due to the variety of such laws or regulations, as well as competitive factors, the average retention rate can differ significantly from state to state. In addition, a high proportion of our independent agencies are in states with retention rates greater than 80%. We continue to focus on increasing profit margins in every state, increasing premium revenue in states where remittance rates are higher, and maintaining the quality of our agency network, which we believe to be the industry’s best, in order to mitigate claims risk and drive consistent future performance. While market share is important in our agency operations channel, it is not as important as margins, risk mitigation and profitability.

Employee costs. Consolidated employee costs increased $28.5 million, or 16%, and $41.9 million, or 12%, in the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024, primarily driven by higher incentive compensation consistent with overall improved revenues and increased salaries and employee benefits expenses primarily resulting from increased employee counts. Employee costs in the title segment increased $26.6 million, or 16%, and $38.3 million, or 12%, in the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, while employee costs in the real estate solutions segment increased $1.9 million, or 14%, and $3.4 million, or 13%, in the second quarter 2025 and first six months of 2025, respectively, primarily driven by volume growth in both segments.

Total employee costs, as a percentage of total operating revenues, improved to 29.5% and 30.3% in the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to 30.5% and 31.4% in the same periods in 2024, respectively, primarily driven by higher operating revenues in 2025. During the second quarter and first six months of 2025, we had an average of approximately 7,000 and 6,900 employees, respectively, compared to an average of approximately 6,700 in both the second quarter and first six months of 2024. Average cost per employee increased 10% and 8% in the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, primarily due to increased incentive compensation expense compared to the same periods in 2024.

Other operating expenses. Other operating expenses include costs that are primarily fixed in nature, costs that follow, to varying degrees, changes in transaction volumes and revenues (variable costs) and costs that fluctuate independently of revenues (independent costs). Costs that are primarily fixed in nature include rent and other occupancy expenses, equipment rental, insurance, repairs and maintenance, technology costs and telecommunications expenses. Variable costs include third-party service and appraiser expenses related to real estate solutions operations, title outside search fees, attorney fee splits, credit losses (on receivables), copy supplies, delivery fees, postage, premium taxes and title plant maintenance expenses. Independent costs include general supplies, litigation defense, business promotion and marketing and travel.

22

Consolidated other operating expenses increased $21.2 million, or 14%, in the second quarter 2025 and $45.2 million, or 16%, in the first six months of 2025, compared to the same periods in 2024. Total variable costs in the second quarter and first six months of 2025 increased $20.6 million, or 22%, and $40.7 million, or 23%, respectively, primarily due to higher third-party service and appraiser expenses and title outside search fees driven by increased related revenues from our real estate solutions and commercial services operations. Total costs that are primarily fixed in nature were comparable in the second quarters 2025 and 2024, and increased $2.4 million, or 3%, in the first six months of 2025, primarily due to higher technology costs compared to the same period in 2024. Independent costs increased $0.7 million, or 5%, and $2.1 million, or 8%, in the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, primarily due to higher travel and business promotion expenses, partially offset by lower office closure costs compared to the same periods in 2024.

As a percentage of total operating revenues, consolidated other operating expenses in the second quarter and first six months of 2025 improved to 24.6% and 25.7%, respectively, compared to 25.9% and 25.8% in the same periods in 2024, primarily resulting from the higher operating revenues in 2025.

Title losses. Provisions for title losses, as a percentage of title operating revenues, were 3.6% and 4.2% for the second quarters 2025 and 2024, respectively, and 3.6% and 4.1% for the first six months of 2025 and 2024, respectively. The title loss expense in the second quarter and first six months of 2025 both increased by 2%, or $0.4 million and $0.7 million, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024, primarily as a result of increased title revenues in 2025, partially offset by our overall favorable claims experience. The title loss ratio in any given quarter can be significantly influenced by changes in large claims incurred, escrow losses and adjustments to reserves for existing large claims.

The composition of title policy loss expense is as follows:

			Three Months Ended June 30,																		Six Months Ended June 30,
			2025						2024			Change			% Chg						2025						2024			Change			% Chg
			(in $ millions)																		($ in millions)
Provisions – known claims:
Current year			2.6						3.3			(0.7)			(21)		%				4.9						5.6			(0.7)			(13)		%
Prior policy years			15.6						27.3			(11.7)			(43)		%				29.5						42.3			(12.8)			(30)		%
			18.2						30.6			(12.4)			(41)		%				34.4						47.9			(13.5)			(28)		%
Provisions – IBNR
Current year			18.5						17.5			1.0			6		%				33.5						32.2			1.3			4		%
Prior policy years			0.4						0.3			0.1			33		%				0.8						0.7			0.1			14		%
			18.9						17.8			1.1			6		%				34.3						32.9			1.4			4		%
Transferred from IBNR to known claims			(15.6)						(27.3)			11.7			43		%				(29.5)						(42.3)			12.8			(30)		%
Total provisions			21.5						21.1			0.4			2		%				39.2						38.5			0.7			2		%

Provisions for known claims arise primarily from prior policy years as claims are not typically reported until several years after policies are issued. Provisions - Incurred But Not Reported (IBNR) are estimates of claims expected to be incurred over the next 20 years; therefore, it is not unusual or unexpected to experience changes to those estimated provisions in both current and prior policy years as additional loss experience on policy years is obtained. This loss experience may result in changes to our estimate of total ultimate losses expected (i.e., the IBNR policy loss reserve). Current year provisions - IBNR are recorded on policies issued in the current year as a percentage of premiums earned (provisioning rate). As claims become known, provisions are reclassified from IBNR to known claims. Adjustments relating to large losses (those individually in excess of $1.0 million) may impact provisions either for known claims or for IBNR.

Total known claims provision decreased $12.4 million, or 41%, and $13.5 million, or 28%, in the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024, primarily as a result of lower large claims relating to prior policy years. The current year IBNR provisions increased $1.0 million, or 6%, and $1.3 million, or 4%, primarily due to increased title premiums in the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. As a percentage of title operating revenues, provisions - IBNR for the current policy year were 3.1% for both the second quarter and first six months of 2025, compared with 3.5% and 3.4% for the second quarter and first six months of 2024, respectively.

23

Cash claim payments decreased $10.7 million, or 39%, and $14.5 million, or 29%, in the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024, primarily due to large recoveries received and lower payments on large and non-large claims related to prior policy years during 2025. We continue to manage and resolve large claims prudently and in keeping with our commitments to our policyholders.

In addition to title policy claims, we incur losses in our direct operations from escrow, closing and disbursement functions. These escrow losses typically relate to errors or other miscalculations of amounts to be paid at closing, including timing or amount of a mortgage payoff, payment of property or other taxes and payment of homeowners’ association fees. Escrow losses also arise in cases of fraud, and in those cases, the title insurer incurs the loss under its obligation to ensure that an unencumbered title is conveyed. Escrow losses are recognized as expenses when discovered or when contingencies associated with them (such as litigation) are resolved and are typically paid less than 12 months after the loss is recognized. There were no material escrow losses for both the second quarters and first six months of 2025 and 2024.

Total title policy loss reserve balances are as follows:

			June 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
			(in $ millions)
Known claims			65.8						66.9
IBNR			457.3						444.6
Total estimated title losses			523.1						511.5

The actual timing of estimated title loss payments may vary since claims, by their nature, are complex and paid over long periods of time. Based on historical payment patterns, the outstanding loss reserves are substantially paid out within eight years. As a result, the estimate of the ultimate amount to be paid on any claim may be modified over that time period. Due to the inherent uncertainty in predicting future title policy losses, significant judgment is required by both our management and our third party actuaries in estimating reserves. As a consequence, our ultimate liability may be materially greater or less than current reserves and/or our third party actuary’s calculated estimates.

Depreciation and amortization. Total depreciation and amortization expenses in the second quarter and first six months of 2025 were comparable to the same periods in 2024, with total acquisition intangible amortization expenses in the second quarter and first six months of 2025 declining due to several assets becoming fully amortized in 2025, offset by increased depreciation expenses related to new internal systems recently placed into operations.

Income taxes. Our effective tax rates (based on income before taxes and after deducting income attributable to noncontrolling interests) of 26% and 25% in the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, were lower compared to 31% and 30% in the same periods in 2024, primarily due to the higher pretax income in the second quarter and first six months of 2025.

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our liquidity and capital resources reflect our ability to generate cash flow to meet our obligations to stockholders, customers (payments to satisfy claims on title policies), vendors, employees, lenders and others. As of June 30, 2025, our total cash and investments, including amounts reserved pursuant to statutory requirements, aggregated $913.6 million, of which $486.3 million ($261.4 million, net of statutory reserves) was held in the United States and the rest internationally (principally in Canada).

As a holding company, the parent company is funded principally by cash from its subsidiaries' earnings in the form of dividends, operating and other administrative expense reimbursements and pursuant to intercompany tax sharing agreements. Cash held at the parent company and its unregulated subsidiaries (which totaled $61.2 million at June 30, 2025) is available for funding the parent company's operating expenses, interest payments on debt and dividend payments to common stockholders. The parent company also receives distributions from Stewart Title Guaranty Company (Guaranty), its regulated title insurance underwriter, to meet cash requirements for acquisitions and other strategic investments.

A substantial majority of our consolidated cash and investments as of June 30, 2025 was held by Guaranty and its subsidiaries. The use and investment of these funds, dividends to the parent company, and cash transfers between Guaranty and its subsidiaries and the parent company are subject to certain legal and regulatory restrictions. In general, Guaranty uses its cash and investments in excess of its legally-mandated statutory premium reserve (established in accordance with requirements under Texas law) to fund its insurance operations, including claims payments. Guaranty may also, subject to certain limitations, provide funds to its subsidiaries (whose operations consist principally of field title offices and real estate solutions operations) for their operating and debt service needs.

We maintain investments in accordance with certain statutory requirements for the funding of statutory premium reserves. Statutory reserve funds are required to be fully funded and invested in high-quality securities and short-term investments. Statutory reserve funds are not available for current claim payments, which must be funded from current operating cash flow. Included in investments in debt and equity securities are statutory reserve funds of approximately $516.3 million and $535.5 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. In addition, included within cash and cash equivalents are statutory reserve funds of approximately $7.4 million and $9.5 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. As of June 30, 2025, our known claims reserve totaled $65.8 million and our estimate of claims that may be reported in the future, under generally accepted accounting principles, totaled $457.3 million. In addition to this, we had cash and investments (at amortized cost and excluding equity method investments) of $269.8 million, which are available for underwriter operations, including claims payments, and acquisitions.

The ability of Guaranty to pay dividends to its parent is governed by Texas insurance law. The Texas Department of Insurance (TDI) must be notified of any dividend declared, and any dividend in excess of the greater of the statutory net operating income or 20% of surplus (which was approximately $173.0 million as of December 31, 2024) would be, by regulation, considered extraordinary and subject to pre-approval by the TDI. Also, the Texas Insurance Commissioner may raise an objection to a planned distribution during the notification period. Guaranty’s actual ability or intent to pay dividends to its parent may be constrained by business and regulatory considerations, such as the impact of dividends on surplus and liquidity, which could affect its ratings and competitive position, the amount of insurance it can write and its ability to pay future dividends. During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, Guaranty paid dividends of $50.0 million and $20.0 million, respectively, to the parent company.

Effective March 31, 2025, Stewart Title Insurance Company (STIC) was merged into Guaranty, primarily to streamline our underwriting operations. Prior to the merger, STIC, our second largest underwriter, was a wholly-owned subsidiary of Guaranty and was domiciled in the state of New York. Our total statutory reserve funds at June 30, 2025 decreased compared to December 31, 2024, primarily as a result of the merger.

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As the parent company conducts no operations apart from its wholly-owned subsidiaries, the discussion below focuses on consolidated cash flows.

			Six Months Ended June 30,
			2025						2024
			(in $ millions)
Net cash provided (used) by operating activities			23.5						(8.5)
Net cash used by investing activities			(29.5)						(56.3)
Net cash used by financing activities			(35.5)						(33.6)

Operating activities. Our principal sources of cash from operations are premiums on title policies and revenue from title service-related transactions, real estate solutions and other operations. Our independent agencies remit cash to us net of their contractual retention. Our principal cash expenditures for operations are employee costs, operating costs and title claims payments.

Net cash provided by operations improved to $23.5 million during the first six months of 2025, compared to net cash used by operations of $8.5 million during the same period in 2024, primarily driven by the higher net income and lower claims payments in 2025. Although our business is labor intensive, we are focused on a cost-effective, scalable business model which includes utilization of technology, centralized back and middle office functions and business process outsourcing. We are continuing our emphasis on cost management, especially in light of the current economic environment due to elevated mortgage interest rates, specifically focusing on lowering unit costs of production and improving operating margins in our direct title and real estate solutions operations. Our plans to improve margins include additional automation of manual processes, further consolidation of our various systems and production operations, and full integration of acquisitions. We continue to invest in the technology necessary to accomplish these goals.

Investing activities. Cash used and provided by investing activities is primarily related to proceeds from matured and sold investments, purchases of investments, capital expenditures and acquisition of businesses. During the first six months of 2025 and 2024, total proceeds from securities investments sold and matured were $84.8 million and $72.7 million, respectively, while cash used for purchases of securities investments was $72.2 million and $58.4 million, respectively. Additionally, cash paid for cost-basis and other investments was $1.4 million and $31.6 million during the first six months of 2025 and 2024, respectively.

During the first six months of 2025 and 2024, we used $27.1 million and $19.4 million, respectively, of cash for expenditures related to property and equipment and other long-lived assets, while we used net cash of $8.5 million for acquisitions of title offices and an intangible asset during the first six months of 2025, compared to net cash used of $8.2 million for a title office acquisition during the same period in 2024. We maintain investment in capital expenditures at a level that enables us to implement technologies for increasing our operational and back-office efficiencies and to pursue growth in key markets.

Financing activities and capital resources. Total debt and stockholders’ equity were $446.0 million and $1.45 billion, respectively, as of June 30, 2025. At June 30, 2025, our line of credit facility was fully available, while our debt-to-equity and debt-to-capitalization ratios, excluding our Section 1031 tax-deferred property exchange notes, were approximately 31% and 24%, respectively.

During the first six months of 2025, we paid total dividends of $27.9 million ($1.00 per common share), compared to total dividends paid of $26.2 million ($0.95 per common share) during the same period in 2024.

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We believe we have sufficient liquidity and capital resources to meet the cash needs of our ongoing operations, including consideration of the current economic and real estate environment created by the elevated mortgage interest rates. However, we may determine that additional debt or equity funding is warranted to provide liquidity for achievement of strategic goals or acquisitions or for unforeseen circumstances. Other than scheduled maturities of debt, operating lease payments and anticipated claims payments, we have no material contractual commitments. We expect that cash flows from operations and cash available from our underwriters, subject to regulatory restrictions, will be sufficient to fund our operations, including claims payments. However, to the extent that these funds are not sufficient, we may be required to borrow funds on terms less favorable than we currently have or seek funding from the equity market, which may not be successful or may be on terms that are dilutive to existing stockholders.

Contingent liabilities and commitments. See discussion of contingent liabilities and commitments in Note 10 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Other comprehensive income (loss). Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities investments and changes in foreign currency exchange rates are reported net of deferred taxes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders’ equity, until they are realized. During the first six months of 2025, net unrealized investment gains of $6.4 million, net of taxes, which increased our other comprehensive income, were primarily related to net increases in the fair values of our foreign and corporate bond securities investments. These increases primarily resulted from lower interest rates during the first six months of 2025. During the first six months of 2024, net unrealized investment losses of $1.6 million, net of taxes, which increased our other comprehensive loss, were primarily related to net decreases in the fair values of our foreign and corporate bond securities investments, primarily influenced by the continued elevated interest rate environment.

Changes in foreign currency spot exchange rates (primarily related to our Canadian and United Kingdom operations) resulted in other comprehensive income, net of taxes, of $14.4 million in the first six months of 2025 and other comprehensive loss, net of taxes, of $5.7 million during the first six months of 2024. During the first six months of 2025, the Canadian dollar and British pound both appreciated relative to the U.S. dollar, while they both depreciated during the same period in 2024.

Off-balance sheet arrangements. We do not have any material source of liquidity or financing that involves off-balance sheet arrangements. We also routinely hold funds in segregated escrow accounts pending the closing of real estate transactions and have qualified intermediaries in tax-deferred property exchanges for customers pursuant to Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code. The Company holds the proceeds from these transactions until a qualifying exchange can occur. In accordance with industry practice, these segregated accounts are not included on the balance sheet. See Note 15 in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Forward-looking statements. Certain statements in this report are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements relate to future, not past, events and often address our expected future business and financial performance. These statements often contain words such as “may,” "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "plan," "believe," "seek," "will," "foresee" or other similar words. Forward-looking statements by their nature are subject to various risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to be materially different than those expressed in the forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, among other things, the following:

•the volatility of economic conditions, including economic changes that may result from new or increased tariffs, trade restrictions or geopolitical tensions;

•adverse changes in the level of real estate activity;

•changes in mortgage interest rates, existing and new home sales, and availability of mortgage financing;

•our ability to respond to and implement technology changes, including the completion of the implementation of our enterprise systems;

•the impact of unanticipated title losses or the need to strengthen our policy loss reserves;

•any effect of title losses on our cash flows and financial condition;

•the ability to attract and retain highly productive sales associates;

•the impact of vetting our agency operations for quality and profitability;

•independent agency remittance rates;

•changes to the participants in the secondary mortgage market and the rate of refinancing that affects the demand for title insurance products;

•regulatory non-compliance, fraud or defalcations by our title insurance agencies or employees;

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•our ability to timely and cost-effectively respond to significant industry changes and introduce new products and services;

•our ability to realize anticipated benefits of our previous acquisitions;

•the outcome of pending litigation;

•our ability to manage risks associated with potential cybersecurity or other privacy or data security breaches;

•the impact of changes in governmental and insurance regulations, including any future reductions in the pricing of title insurance products and services;

•our dependence on our operating subsidiaries as a source of cash flow;

•our ability to access the equity and debt financing markets when and if needed;

•effects of seasonality and weather; and

•our ability to respond to the actions of our competitors.

The above risks and uncertainties, as well as others, are discussed in more detail in our documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including in Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors" in our 2024 Form 10-K, and as may be further updated and supplemented from time to time in our future Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed subsequently. All forward-looking statements included in this report are expressly qualified in their entirety by such cautionary statements. We expressly disclaim any obligation to update, amend or clarify any forward-looking statements contained in this report to reflect events or circumstances that may arise after the date hereof, except as may be required by applicable law.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There have been no material changes during the three months ended June 30, 2025 in our investment strategies, types of financial instruments held or the risks associated with such instruments that would materially alter the market risk disclosures made in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. Our principal executive officer and principal financial officer are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures. They evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of June 30, 2025, and have concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures are adequate and effective to ensure that information we are required to disclose in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting. There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2025, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

See discussion of legal proceedings in Note 11 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Report, which is incorporated by reference into this Part II, Item 1, as well as Item 3. Legal Proceedings, in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our operations and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including those described in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our 2024 Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to our risk factors since our 2024 Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

There were no repurchases of our Common Stock during the six months ended June 30, 2025, except for repurchases of approximately 49,900 shares (aggregate purchase price of approximately $3.5 million) related to the statutory income tax withholding on the vesting of restricted unit grants to executives and senior management employees.

Item 5. Other Information

Book value per share. Our book value per share was $51.46 and $50.50 as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. As of June 30, 2025, our book value per share was based on approximately $1.44 billion of stockholders’ equity attributable to Stewart and 27,939,997 shares of Common Stock outstanding. As of December 31, 2024, our book value per share was based on approximately $1.40 billion of stockholders’ equity attributable to Stewart and 27,763,691 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

Trading plans. During the quarter ended June 30, 2025, no director or Section 16 officer adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements, as defined under Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit
3.1			—			Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, dated April 28, 2016 (incorporated by reference in this report from Exhibit 3.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 29, 2016)
3.2			—			Fifth Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant, as of December 27, 2022 (incorporated by reference in this report from Exhibit 3.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 30, 2022)
31.1*			—			Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*			—			Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1*			—			Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2*			—			Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS*			—			XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH*			—			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*			—			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*			—			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*			—			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*			—			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104*			—			Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Filed herewith

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

August 5, 2025

Date

						Stewart Information Services Corporation
						Registrant
By:						/s/ David C. Hisey
						David C. Hisey, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

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