[10-Q] STEEL DYNAMICS INC Quarterly Earnings Report
Steel Dynamics (STLD) reported stronger Q3 2025 results. Net sales were $4.83 billion, up 11% year over year, and operating income rose to $507.8 million from $395.4 million. Net income attributable to Steel Dynamics increased to $403.7 million, with diluted EPS of $2.74 versus $2.05 a year ago.
The company achieved record steel shipments of 3.6 million tons, as higher selling prices and improved metal spreads supported margins in steel and metals recycling. Steel operations operating income rose 65% to $496.8 million. Metals recycling operating income increased to $31.5 million, driven by higher spreads, particularly in nonferrous.
For the first nine months, operating income was $1.17 billion and net cash from operating activities was $1.18 billion. Year‑to‑date capital expenditures were $759.5 million, and share repurchases totaled $660.6 million. In March, the company issued $1.0 billion of senior notes (net proceeds $972 million) and repaid its $400 million 2.40% notes at maturity in June. Shares outstanding were 146,156,096 as of September 30, 2025.
Steel Dynamics (STLD) ha riportato risultati più forti nel Q3 2025. Le vendite nette sono state di 4,83 miliardi di dollari, in aumento dell'11% anno su anno, e l'utile operativo è salito a 507,8 milioni di dollari rispetto ai 395,4 milioni dello stesso periodo dell'anno precedente. L'utile netto attribuibile a Steel Dynamics è aumentato a 403,7 milioni di dollari, con un utile per azione diluito di 2,74 dollari rispetto a 2,05 un anno fa.
L'azienda ha raggiunto spedizioni record di acciaio di 3,6 milioni di tonnellate, poiché prezzi di vendita più elevati e migliori spread sui metalli hanno sostenuto i margini nei settori acciaio e riciclo dei metalli. L'utile operativo delle attività siderurgiche è salito del 65% a 496,8 milioni di dollari. L'utile operativo del riciclo dei metalli è aumentato a 31,5 milioni di dollari, trainato dagli spread più ampi, in particolare sui non ferrosi.
Per i primi nove mesi, l'utile operativo è stato di 1,17 miliardi di dollari e il flusso di cassa netto proveniente dalle attività operative è stato di 1,18 miliardo di dollari. Gli investimenti in capitale da inizio anno sono stati di 759,5 milioni di dollari e il riacquisto di azioni ha totalizzato 660,6 milioni di dollari. A marzo, l'azienda ha emesso notes senior per 1,0 miliardo di dollari (proventi netti 972 milioni) e ha rimborsato a scadenza le note a 2,40% da 400 milioni di dollari a giugno. Le azioni in circolazione erano 146.156.096 al 30 settembre 2025.
Steel Dynamics (STLD) anunció resultados más sólidos en el tercer trimestre de 2025. Las ventas netas fueron de 4,83 mil millones de dólares, un aumento del 11% interanual, y el ingreso operativo subió a 507,8 millones de dólares desde 395,4 millones. El beneficio neto atribuible a Steel Dynamics aumentó a 403,7 millones de dólares, con una utilidad por acción diluida de 2,74 frente a 2,05 hace un año.
La compañía logró envíos récord de acero de 3,6 millones de toneladas, ya que precios de venta más altos y mejores diferenciales en metales apoyaron los márgenes en acero y reciclaje de metales. El ingreso operativo de las operaciones de acero aumentó un 65% a 496,8 millones de dólares. El ingreso operativo de reciclaje de metales aumentó a 31,5 millones de dólares, impulsado por diferenciales más amplios, especialmente en no ferrosos.
Para los primeros nueve meses, el ingreso operativo fue de 1,17 mil millones de dólares y el flujo de efectivo neto de las actividades operativas fue de 1,18 mil millones de dólares. Los gastos de capital acumulados al día fueron de 759,5 millones de dólares, y las recompras de acciones totalizaron 660,6 millones de dólares. En marzo, la compañía emitió notas senior por 1,0 mil millones de dólares (ingresos netos 972 millones) y repagó sus notas del 2,40% de 400 millones al vencimiento en junio. Las acciones en circulación eran 146,156,096 al 30 de septiembre de 2025.
Steel Dynamics(STLD)가 2025년 3분기 실적을 더 개선했다. 매출은 48.3억 달러로 전년동기 대비 11% 증가했고 영업이익은 5.078억 달러로 3.954억 달러에서 상승했다. Steel Dynamics에 귀속되는 순이익은 4.037억 달러로 증가했고 희석 주당순이익은 2.74달러로 작년 2.05달러에서 상승했다.
회사는 역대 최대의 철강 선적량 360만 톤을 달성했으며, 더 높은 판매가와 개선된 금속 스프레드가 철강 및 금속 재활용의 마진을 지지했다. 철강 사업의 영업이익은 6.5% 증가해 4.968억 달러를 기록했다. 비철금속을 중심으로 한 스프레드 확대에 힘입어 금속 재활용 영업이익은 3150만 달러로 증가했다.
지난 9개월 동안 영업이익은 11.7억 달러였고 영업활동으로 인한 순현금은 11.8억 달러였다. 연초 이후 자본지출은 7.595억 달러였고 자사주 매입은 6.606억 달러였다. 3월에 회사는 10억 달러의 선순위를 발행했고(순수익 9.72억 달러) 6월 만기에 지급될 4억 달러의 2.40% 채권을 상환했다. 9월 30일 기준 발행주식은 146,156,096주였다.
Steel Dynamics (STLD) a publié des résultats plus forts au troisième trimestre 2025. Le chiffre d'affaires net s'élevait à 4,83 milliards de dollars, en hausse de 11 % sur un an, et le résultat opérationnel est passé à 507,8 millions de dollars contre 395,4 millions. Le bénéfice net attribuable à Steel Dynamics a augmenté à 403,7 millions de dollars, avec un bénéfice par action dilué de 2,74 dollars contre 2,05 l'année dernière.
La société a enregistré des livraisons d'acier record de 3,6 millions de tonnes, les prix de vente plus élevés et des spreads de métaux améliorés soutenant les marges dans l'acier et le recyclage des métaux. Le résultat opérationnel des activités sidérurgiques a augmenté de 65 % pour atteindre 496,8 millions de dollars. Le résultat opérationnel du recyclage des métaux a augmenté à 31,5 millions de dollars, porté par des spreads plus élevés, en particulier dans les métaux non ferreux.
Pour les neuf premiers mois, le résultat opérationnel était de 1,17 milliard de dollars et le flux de trésorerie provenant des activités opérationnelles était de 1,18 milliard de dollars. Les dépenses d'investissement cumulées depuis le début de l'année s'élevaient à 759,5 millions de dollars, et les rachats d'actions s'élevaient à 660,6 millions de dollars. En mars, l'entreprise a émis des obligations seniors pour 1,0 milliard de dollars (produits nets 972 millions) et a remboursé ses obligations à 2,40 % d'un montant de 400 millions à l'échéance de juin. Les actions en circulation étaient de 146 156 096 au 30 septembre 2025.
Steel Dynamics (STLD) meldete stärkere Ergebnisse im dritten Quartal 2025. Der Nettoumsatz betrug 4,83 Milliarden US-Dollar, ein Anstieg von 11% gegenüber dem Vorjahr, und das Betriebsergebnis stieg auf 507,8 Millionen US-Dollar von 395,4 Millionen. Der dem Steel Dynamics zurechenbare Nettogewinn stieg auf 403,7 Millionen US-Dollar, mit einer verdünnten GAAP-EPS von 2,74 USD gegenüber 2,05 USD vor einem Jahr.
Das Unternehmen erreichte rekordverdächtige Stahl-Lieferungen von 3,6 Millionen Tonnen, da höhere Verkaufspreise und verbesserte Metallscheren die Margen bei Stahl- und Metallschrott-Recycling unterstützten. Das operative Ergebnis der Stahlaktivitäten stieg um 65% auf 496,8 Millionen USD. Das operative Ergebnis des Metallschrott-Recyclings stieg auf 31,5 Millionen USD, getrieben von höheren Spreads, insbesondere bei Nichteisenmetallen.
Für die ersten neun Monate betrug das operative Ergebnis 1,17 Milliarden USD und der operative Cashflow 1,18 Milliarden USD. Die Kapitalausgaben year-to-date beliefen sich auf 759,5 Millionen USD, und die Aktienrückkäufe beliefen sich auf 660,6 Millionen USD. Im März gab das Unternehmen Senior Notes in Höhe von 1,0 Milliarde USD aus (nettoeinnahmen 972 Millionen) und tilgte seine 400-Millionen-Dollar-Notas mit 2,40% Zins bei Fälligkeit im Juni. Die ausstehenden Aktien betrugen zum 30. September 2025 146.156.096 Stück.
شركة Steel Dynamics (STLD) أعلنت عن نتائج أقوى في الربع الثالث من 2025. بلغت المبيعات الصافية 4.83 مليار دولار، بارتفاع 11% على أساس سنوي، وارتفع الدخل التشغيلي إلى 507.8 مليون دولار من 395.4 مليون دولار. ارتفع الدخل الصافي العائد إلى Steel Dynamics إلى 403.7 مليون دولار، مع ربحية السهم المخففة بقيمة 2.74 دولار مقابل 2.05 دولار قبل عام.
حققت الشركة شحنات قياسية من الصلب قدرها 3.6 مليون طن، مع أن الأسعار بيع أعلى وتحسن فروقات المعادن دعم هوامش الصلب وإعادة تدوير المعادن. ارتفع الدخل التشغيلي لعمليات الصلب إلى 496.8 مليون دولار بارتفاع 65%. ارتفع دخل تشغيل إعادة تدوير المعادن إلى 31.5 مليون دولار، مدعوماً بفروقات أوسع، خصوصاً في المعادن غير الحديدية.
وللسنوات التسع الأولى، بلغ الدخل التشغيلي 1.17 مليار دولار وتدفق النقد من الأنشطة التشغيلية 1.18 مليار دولار. بلغت النفقات الرأسمالية منذ بداية العام 759.5 مليون دولار، وبلغت برامج إعادة شراء الأسهم 660.6 مليون دولار. في مارس، أصدرت الشركة سندات كبار بقيمة 1.0 مليار دولار (صافي العوائد 972 مليون)، وسدّدت سنداتها من 2.40% والبالغة 400 مليون دولار عند الاستحقاق في يونيو. كانت الأسهم المتداولة 146,156,096 حتى 30 سبتمبر 2025.
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Insights
Q3 margins improved on record shipments; YTD still lower.
Steel Dynamics posted an 11% sales increase to
Segment detail shows steel operations driving performance (operating income
Cash generation remains solid with YTD operating cash flow of
Steel Dynamics (STLD) ha riportato risultati più forti nel Q3 2025. Le vendite nette sono state di 4,83 miliardi di dollari, in aumento dell'11% anno su anno, e l'utile operativo è salito a 507,8 milioni di dollari rispetto ai 395,4 milioni dello stesso periodo dell'anno precedente. L'utile netto attribuibile a Steel Dynamics è aumentato a 403,7 milioni di dollari, con un utile per azione diluito di 2,74 dollari rispetto a 2,05 un anno fa.
L'azienda ha raggiunto spedizioni record di acciaio di 3,6 milioni di tonnellate, poiché prezzi di vendita più elevati e migliori spread sui metalli hanno sostenuto i margini nei settori acciaio e riciclo dei metalli. L'utile operativo delle attività siderurgiche è salito del 65% a 496,8 milioni di dollari. L'utile operativo del riciclo dei metalli è aumentato a 31,5 milioni di dollari, trainato dagli spread più ampi, in particolare sui non ferrosi.
Per i primi nove mesi, l'utile operativo è stato di 1,17 miliardi di dollari e il flusso di cassa netto proveniente dalle attività operative è stato di 1,18 miliardo di dollari. Gli investimenti in capitale da inizio anno sono stati di 759,5 milioni di dollari e il riacquisto di azioni ha totalizzato 660,6 milioni di dollari. A marzo, l'azienda ha emesso notes senior per 1,0 miliardo di dollari (proventi netti 972 milioni) e ha rimborsato a scadenza le note a 2,40% da 400 milioni di dollari a giugno. Le azioni in circolazione erano 146.156.096 al 30 settembre 2025.
Steel Dynamics (STLD) anunció resultados más sólidos en el tercer trimestre de 2025. Las ventas netas fueron de 4,83 mil millones de dólares, un aumento del 11% interanual, y el ingreso operativo subió a 507,8 millones de dólares desde 395,4 millones. El beneficio neto atribuible a Steel Dynamics aumentó a 403,7 millones de dólares, con una utilidad por acción diluida de 2,74 frente a 2,05 hace un año.
La compañía logró envíos récord de acero de 3,6 millones de toneladas, ya que precios de venta más altos y mejores diferenciales en metales apoyaron los márgenes en acero y reciclaje de metales. El ingreso operativo de las operaciones de acero aumentó un 65% a 496,8 millones de dólares. El ingreso operativo de reciclaje de metales aumentó a 31,5 millones de dólares, impulsado por diferenciales más amplios, especialmente en no ferrosos.
Para los primeros nueve meses, el ingreso operativo fue de 1,17 mil millones de dólares y el flujo de efectivo neto de las actividades operativas fue de 1,18 mil millones de dólares. Los gastos de capital acumulados al día fueron de 759,5 millones de dólares, y las recompras de acciones totalizaron 660,6 millones de dólares. En marzo, la compañía emitió notas senior por 1,0 mil millones de dólares (ingresos netos 972 millones) y repagó sus notas del 2,40% de 400 millones al vencimiento en junio. Las acciones en circulación eran 146,156,096 al 30 de septiembre de 2025.
Steel Dynamics(STLD)가 2025년 3분기 실적을 더 개선했다. 매출은 48.3억 달러로 전년동기 대비 11% 증가했고 영업이익은 5.078억 달러로 3.954억 달러에서 상승했다. Steel Dynamics에 귀속되는 순이익은 4.037억 달러로 증가했고 희석 주당순이익은 2.74달러로 작년 2.05달러에서 상승했다.
회사는 역대 최대의 철강 선적량 360만 톤을 달성했으며, 더 높은 판매가와 개선된 금속 스프레드가 철강 및 금속 재활용의 마진을 지지했다. 철강 사업의 영업이익은 6.5% 증가해 4.968억 달러를 기록했다. 비철금속을 중심으로 한 스프레드 확대에 힘입어 금속 재활용 영업이익은 3150만 달러로 증가했다.
지난 9개월 동안 영업이익은 11.7억 달러였고 영업활동으로 인한 순현금은 11.8억 달러였다. 연초 이후 자본지출은 7.595억 달러였고 자사주 매입은 6.606억 달러였다. 3월에 회사는 10억 달러의 선순위를 발행했고(순수익 9.72억 달러) 6월 만기에 지급될 4억 달러의 2.40% 채권을 상환했다. 9월 30일 기준 발행주식은 146,156,096주였다.
Steel Dynamics (STLD) a publié des résultats plus forts au troisième trimestre 2025. Le chiffre d'affaires net s'élevait à 4,83 milliards de dollars, en hausse de 11 % sur un an, et le résultat opérationnel est passé à 507,8 millions de dollars contre 395,4 millions. Le bénéfice net attribuable à Steel Dynamics a augmenté à 403,7 millions de dollars, avec un bénéfice par action dilué de 2,74 dollars contre 2,05 l'année dernière.
La société a enregistré des livraisons d'acier record de 3,6 millions de tonnes, les prix de vente plus élevés et des spreads de métaux améliorés soutenant les marges dans l'acier et le recyclage des métaux. Le résultat opérationnel des activités sidérurgiques a augmenté de 65 % pour atteindre 496,8 millions de dollars. Le résultat opérationnel du recyclage des métaux a augmenté à 31,5 millions de dollars, porté par des spreads plus élevés, en particulier dans les métaux non ferreux.
Pour les neuf premiers mois, le résultat opérationnel était de 1,17 milliard de dollars et le flux de trésorerie provenant des activités opérationnelles était de 1,18 milliard de dollars. Les dépenses d'investissement cumulées depuis le début de l'année s'élevaient à 759,5 millions de dollars, et les rachats d'actions s'élevaient à 660,6 millions de dollars. En mars, l'entreprise a émis des obligations seniors pour 1,0 milliard de dollars (produits nets 972 millions) et a remboursé ses obligations à 2,40 % d'un montant de 400 millions à l'échéance de juin. Les actions en circulation étaient de 146 156 096 au 30 septembre 2025.
Steel Dynamics (STLD) meldete stärkere Ergebnisse im dritten Quartal 2025. Der Nettoumsatz betrug 4,83 Milliarden US-Dollar, ein Anstieg von 11% gegenüber dem Vorjahr, und das Betriebsergebnis stieg auf 507,8 Millionen US-Dollar von 395,4 Millionen. Der dem Steel Dynamics zurechenbare Nettogewinn stieg auf 403,7 Millionen US-Dollar, mit einer verdünnten GAAP-EPS von 2,74 USD gegenüber 2,05 USD vor einem Jahr.
Das Unternehmen erreichte rekordverdächtige Stahl-Lieferungen von 3,6 Millionen Tonnen, da höhere Verkaufspreise und verbesserte Metallscheren die Margen bei Stahl- und Metallschrott-Recycling unterstützten. Das operative Ergebnis der Stahlaktivitäten stieg um 65% auf 496,8 Millionen USD. Das operative Ergebnis des Metallschrott-Recyclings stieg auf 31,5 Millionen USD, getrieben von höheren Spreads, insbesondere bei Nichteisenmetallen.
Für die ersten neun Monate betrug das operative Ergebnis 1,17 Milliarden USD und der operative Cashflow 1,18 Milliarden USD. Die Kapitalausgaben year-to-date beliefen sich auf 759,5 Millionen USD, und die Aktienrückkäufe beliefen sich auf 660,6 Millionen USD. Im März gab das Unternehmen Senior Notes in Höhe von 1,0 Milliarde USD aus (nettoeinnahmen 972 Millionen) und tilgte seine 400-Millionen-Dollar-Notas mit 2,40% Zins bei Fälligkeit im Juni. Die ausstehenden Aktien betrugen zum 30. September 2025 146.156.096 Stück.
شركة Steel Dynamics (STLD) أعلنت عن نتائج أقوى في الربع الثالث من 2025. بلغت المبيعات الصافية 4.83 مليار دولار، بارتفاع 11% على أساس سنوي، وارتفع الدخل التشغيلي إلى 507.8 مليون دولار من 395.4 مليون دولار. ارتفع الدخل الصافي العائد إلى Steel Dynamics إلى 403.7 مليون دولار، مع ربحية السهم المخففة بقيمة 2.74 دولار مقابل 2.05 دولار قبل عام.
حققت الشركة شحنات قياسية من الصلب قدرها 3.6 مليون طن، مع أن الأسعار بيع أعلى وتحسن فروقات المعادن دعم هوامش الصلب وإعادة تدوير المعادن. ارتفع الدخل التشغيلي لعمليات الصلب إلى 496.8 مليون دولار بارتفاع 65%. ارتفع دخل تشغيل إعادة تدوير المعادن إلى 31.5 مليون دولار، مدعوماً بفروقات أوسع، خصوصاً في المعادن غير الحديدية.
وللسنوات التسع الأولى، بلغ الدخل التشغيلي 1.17 مليار دولار وتدفق النقد من الأنشطة التشغيلية 1.18 مليار دولار. بلغت النفقات الرأسمالية منذ بداية العام 759.5 مليون دولار، وبلغت برامج إعادة شراء الأسهم 660.6 مليون دولار. في مارس، أصدرت الشركة سندات كبار بقيمة 1.0 مليار دولار (صافي العوائد 972 مليون)، وسدّدت سنداتها من 2.40% والبالغة 400 مليون دولار عند الاستحقاق في يونيو. كانت الأسهم المتداولة 146,156,096 حتى 30 سبتمبر 2025.
Steel Dynamics（STLD）在2025年第三季度业绩表现更强劲。净销售额为48.3亿美元，同比增长11%，营业利润从3.954亿美元增至5.078亿美元。归属于Steel Dynamics的净利润增加至4.037亿美元，摊薄后每股收益为2.74美元，而一年前为2.05美元。
公司实现了钢铁出货量创纪录的360万吨，由于更高的销售价格和金属毛利的改善，支撑了钢铁和金属回收业务的利润率。钢铁业务营业利润上升至4.968亿美元，增长65%。金属回收业务营业利润增至3150万美元，受更高价差推动，特别是在有色金属方面。
在前九个月里，营业利润为11.7亿美元，经营活动产生的净现金流为11.8亿美元。年初至今的资本支出为7.595亿美元，回购股票总额为6.606亿美元。3月，公司发行了10亿美元的高级票据（净收益9.72亿美元），并在6月到期时偿还了面额4亿美元、利率2.40%的票据。截至2025年9月30日，流通在外的股票为146,156,096股。
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Table of Contents
STEEL DYNAMICS, INC.
Table of Contents
PART I. Financial Information | ||
Item 1. | Financial Statements: | Page |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2025 (unaudited) and December 31, 2024 | 1 | |
Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited) | 2 | |
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited) | 3 | |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited) | 4 | |
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) | 5 | |
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 15 |
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 24 |
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 24 |
PART II. Other Information | ||
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 25 |
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 25 |
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 25 |
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 25 |
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 25 |
Item 5. | Other Information | 25 |
Item 6. | Exhibits | 26 |
Exhibit Index | 26 | |
Signature | 27 | |
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STEEL DYNAMICS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)
September 30, | December 31, | |||||
2025 | 2024 | |||||
Assets | (unaudited) | |||||
Current assets | ||||||
Cash and equivalents | $ | | $ | | ||
Short-term investments | - | | ||||
Accounts receivable, net | | | ||||
Accounts receivable-related parties | | | ||||
Inventories | | | ||||
Other current assets | | | ||||
Total current assets | | | ||||
Property, plant and equipment, net | | | ||||
Intangible assets, net | | | ||||
Goodwill | | | ||||
Other assets | | | ||||
Total assets | $ | | $ | | ||
Liabilities and Equity | ||||||
Current liabilities | ||||||
Accounts payable | $ | | $ | | ||
Accounts payable-related parties | | | ||||
Income taxes payable | | | ||||
Accrued payroll and benefits | | | ||||
Accrued expenses | | | ||||
Current maturities of long-term debt | | | ||||
Total current liabilities | | | ||||
Long-term debt | | | ||||
Deferred income taxes | | | ||||
Other liabilities | | | ||||
Total liabilities | | | ||||
Commitments and contingencies | ||||||
Redeemable noncontrolling interests | | | ||||
Equity | ||||||
Common stock voting, $ | ||||||
| ||||||
shares outstanding, as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively | | | ||||
Treasury stock, at cost; | ||||||
as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively | ( | ( | ||||
Additional paid-in capital | | | ||||
Retained earnings | | | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | - | ||||
Total Steel Dynamics, Inc. equity | | | ||||
Noncontrolling interests | ( | ( | ||||
Total equity | | | ||||
Total liabilities and equity | $ | | $ | | ||
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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STEEL DYNAMICS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except per share data)
Three-Month Periods Ended | Nine-Month Periods Ended | ||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | ||||||||||
2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||
Net sales | |||||||||||
Unrelated parties | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||
Related parties | | | | | |||||||
Total net sales | | | | | |||||||
Costs of goods sold | | | | | |||||||
Gross profit | | | | | |||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses | | | | | |||||||
Profit sharing | | | | | |||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | | | | | |||||||
Operating income | | | | | |||||||
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest | | | | | |||||||
Other (income) expense, net | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||
Income before income taxes | | | | | |||||||
Income tax expense | | | | | |||||||
Net income | | | | | |||||||
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||
Net income attributable to Steel Dynamics, Inc. | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||
Basic earnings per share attributable to Steel | |||||||||||
Dynamics, Inc. stockholders | $ | $ | $ | | $ | ||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding | |||||||||||
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Steel | |||||||||||
Dynamics, Inc. stockholders, including the effect | |||||||||||
of assumed conversions when dilutive | $ | $ | $ | | $ | ||||||
Weighted average common shares and share equivalents outstanding | |||||||||||
Dividends declared per share | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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STEEL DYNAMICS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)
Three-Month Periods Ended | Nine-Month Periods Ended | ||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | ||||||||||
2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||
Net income | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||
Other comprehensive income (loss) - net unrealized income gain (loss) | |||||||||||
on cash flow hedging derivatives, net of income tax expense (benefit) | |||||||||||
of ($ | |||||||||||
for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. | ( | | ( | ( | |||||||
Comprehensive income | | | | | |||||||
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||
Comprehensive income attributable to Steel Dynamics, Inc. | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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STEEL DYNAMICS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)
Three-Month Periods Ended | Nine-Month Periods Ended | ||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | ||||||||||
2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||
Operating activities: | |||||||||||
Net income | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by | |||||||||||
operating activities: | |||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | | | | | |||||||
Equity-based compensation | | | | | |||||||
Deferred income taxes | | | | ( | |||||||
Other adjustments | ( | ( | ( | | |||||||
Changes in certain assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||
Accounts receivable | ( | | ( | | |||||||
Inventories | | | ( | ( | |||||||
Other assets | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||
Accounts payable | ( | ( | | ( | |||||||
Income taxes receivable/payable | ( | ( | ( | | |||||||
Accrued expenses | | | ( | ( | |||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | | | | | |||||||
Investing activities: | |||||||||||
Purchases of property, plant and equipment | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||
Purchases of short-term investments | - | ( | ( | ( | |||||||
Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments | | | | | |||||||
Other investing activities | | ( | | ( | |||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||
Financing activities: | |||||||||||
Issuance of current and long-term debt | | | | | |||||||
Repayment of current and long-term debt | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||
Dividends paid | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||
Purchases of treasury stock | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||
Other financing activities | ( | | ( | ( | |||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | ( | | ( | ( | |||||||
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | | | | ( | |||||||
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period | | | | | |||||||
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||
Supplemental disclosure information: | |||||||||||
Cash paid for interest | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||
Cash paid for income taxes, net | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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STEEL DYNAMICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Note 1. Description of the Business and Significant Accounting Policies
Description of the Business
Steel Dynamics, Inc. (SDI), together with its subsidiaries (the company), is one of the largest and most diversified domestic steel producers and metals recycler, combined with a meaningful steel fabrication manufacturing platform. The company has
Steel Operations Segment. Steel operations include the company’s electric arc furnace (EAF) steel mills, including Butler Flat Roll Division, Columbus Flat Roll Division, Southwest-Sinton Flat Roll Division, Structural and Rail Division, Engineered Bar Products Division, Roanoke Bar Division, and Steel of West Virginia; steel coating and processing operations at The Techs, Heartland Flat Roll Division, United Steel Supply, and Vulcan Threaded Products, Inc.; warehouse operations in Mexico; and a
Metals Recycling Operations Segment. Metals recycling operations include the company’s OmniSource ferrous and nonferrous processing, transportation, marketing, brokerage, and scrap management services throughout the United States (US), and in Central and Northern Mexico.
Steel Fabrication Operations Segment. Steel fabrication operations include the company’s New Millennium Building Systems’ joist and deck plants located throughout the US, and in Northern Mexico. Revenues from these plants are generated from the fabrication of girders, steel joists and steel deck used within the non-residential construction industry.
Aluminum Operations Segment. Aluminum operations include the company’s recycled aluminum flat rolled products mill nearing completion of construction in Columbus, Mississippi,
Other. Other operations consist of subsidiary operations that are below the company’s quantitative thresholds required for reportable segments and primarily consist of certain joint ventures and the company’s idled Minnesota ironmaking operations. Also included in “Other” are certain unallocated corporate accounts, such as the company’s senior unsecured credit facility, senior notes, certain other investments and certain profit sharing expenses.
Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SDI, together with its wholly- and majority-owned or controlled subsidiaries, after elimination of intercompany accounts and transactions. Noncontrolling and redeemable noncontrolling interests represent the noncontrolling owners’ proportionate share in the equity, income, or losses of the company’s majority-owned or controlled consolidated subsidiaries. Redeemable noncontrolling interests related to USS (owned
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STEEL DYNAMICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Note 1. Description of the Business and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
On April 1, 2025, a noncontrolling member of USS exercised its option to require SDI to purchase its
Use of Estimates
These consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, and accordingly, include amounts that require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and in the notes thereto. Actual results may differ from these estimates and assumptions.
In the opinion of management, these financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the interim period results. These consolidated financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Correction of an Immaterial Prior Period Error
During the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recorded a cumulative adjustment related to the write-off of consumable assets within its Steel Operations. The adjustment resulted in an increase to and a decrease to supplies inventory of $
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash
Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the date of acquisition. Restricted cash is primarily funds held in escrow as required by various insurance and government organizations. The balance of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows includes restricted cash of $
Short-Term Investments
Short-term investments include investments with maturity dates of longer than three months but less than one year when purchased. The company’s short-term investments are classified as trading securities. Interest income from invested cash and short-term investments was $
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STEEL DYNAMICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Note 1. Description of the Business and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
Goodwill
The company’s goodwill consisted of the following at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):
Steel Operations Segment | $ | | |||
Aluminum Operations Segment | | ||||
Metals Recycling Operations Segment | | ||||
Steel Fabrication Operations Segment | | ||||
$ | |
Credit Losses
The company is exposed to credit risk in the event of nonpayment of accounts receivable by customers. The company mitigates its exposure to credit risk, which it generally extends on an unsecured basis, by performing ongoing credit evaluations and taking further action if necessary, such as requiring letters of credit or other security interests to support the customer receivable. The allowance for credit losses for accounts receivable is based on the company’s reasonable estimate of known credit risks and historical experience, adjusted for current and anticipated economic and other pertinent factors affecting the company’s customers, that may differ from historical experience. Customer accounts receivable are written off when all collection efforts have been exhausted and the amounts are deemed uncollectible.
At September 30, 2025, the company reported $
Derivative Financial Instruments
The company routinely enters into exchange traded futures contracts to manage price risk associated with nonferrous metal inventory, as well as purchases and sales of nonferrous (primarily aluminum and copper) and ferrous metals, to reduce exposure to commodity related price fluctuations. These exchange traded futures contracts meet the definition of derivative financial instruments. The company does not enter into these derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. The company recognizes all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and measures those instruments at fair value. Derivatives that are not designated as cash flow hedges must be adjusted to fair value through earnings. For the effective fair value hedges, the hedged item is recognized on the balance sheet at fair value. Changes in the fair value of the hedged balance sheet item are recognized as an offset against the change in fair value of the derivative in cost of goods sold. Changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges are recognized in other comprehensive income, until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. The ineffective portion of a derivative’s change in fair value is immediately recognized in earnings for fair value hedges.
The company offsets fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under master netting agreements. The fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments and required margin deposit amounts totaled $
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STEEL DYNAMICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Note 1. Description of the Business and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
Recently Issued Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which modifies the rules on income tax disclosures to require entities to disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation, the income or loss from continuing operations before income tax expense or benefit (separated between domestic and foreign) and income tax expense or benefit from continuing operations (separated by federal, state and foreign). ASU 2023-09 also requires entities to disclose their income tax payments to international, federal, state and local jurisdictions, among other changes. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. ASU 2023-09 is to be applied on a prospective basis, but retrospective application is permitted. The company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new guidance on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, requiring public entities to disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to the financial statements on an interim and annual basis. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new guidance on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Note 2. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is based on the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share assumes the weighted average dilutive effect of common share equivalents outstanding during the period applied to the company’s basic earnings per share. Common share equivalents represent potentially dilutive restricted stock units, deferred stock units, restricted stock, and performance awards, and are excluded from the computation in periods in which they have an anti-dilutive effect. There were
Three-Month Periods Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||
2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
Weighted | Weighted | ||||||||||||||||
Average | Average | ||||||||||||||||
Net Income | Shares | Per Share | Net Income | Shares | Per Share | ||||||||||||
(Numerator) | (Denominator) | Amount | (Numerator) | (Denominator) | Amount | ||||||||||||
Basic earnings per share | $ | | | $ | | $ | | | $ | | |||||||
Dilutive common share equivalents | - | | - | | |||||||||||||
Diluted earnings per share | $ | | | $ | | $ | | | $ | | |||||||
Nine-Month Periods Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||
2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
Weighted | Weighted | ||||||||||||||||
Average | Average | ||||||||||||||||
Net Income | Shares | Per Share | Net Income | Shares | Per Share | ||||||||||||
(Numerator) | (Denominator) | Amount | (Numerator) | (Denominator) | Amount | ||||||||||||
Basic earnings per share | $ | | | $ | | $ | | | $ | | |||||||
Dilutive common share equivalents | - | | - | | |||||||||||||
Diluted earnings per share | $ | | | $ | | $ | | | $ | | |||||||
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STEEL DYNAMICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Note 3. Long Term Debt
Senior Unsecured Notes
In March 2025, the company issued $
The Notes are in equal right of payment with all existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness and are senior in right of payment to all subordinated indebtedness. Early redemption of the 2035 Notes is permitted any time prior to
Financing Activity
The company’s $
Note 4. Inventories
Inventories are stated at lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using a weighted average cost method for raw materials (including scrap and purchased steel substrate) and supplies, and on a first-in, first-out basis for other inventory.
September 30, | December 31, | ||||
2025 | 2024 | ||||
Raw materials | $ | $ | |||
Supplies | |||||
Work in progress | |||||
Finished goods | |||||
Total inventories | $ | $ | |||
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STEEL DYNAMICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Note 5. Changes in Equity
The following tables provide a reconciliation of the beginning and ending carrying amounts of total equity, equity attributable to stockholders of Steel Dynamics, Inc., and equity and redeemable amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests for each of the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands).
Stockholders of Steel Dynamics, Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Additional | Other | Redeemable | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Common | Treasury | Paid-In | Retained | Comprehensive | Noncontrolling | Total | Noncontrolling | |||||||||||||||||
Stock | Stock | Capital | Earnings | Income (Loss) | Interests | Equity | Interests | |||||||||||||||||
Balances at December 31, 2024 | $ | | $ | ( | $ | | $ | | $ | - | $ | ( | $ | | $ | | ||||||||
Dividends declared | - | - | - | ( | - | - | ( | - | ||||||||||||||||
Noncontrolling investors, net | - | - | - | - | - | ( | ( | - | ||||||||||||||||
Share repurchases | - | ( | - | - | - | - | ( | - | ||||||||||||||||
Equity-based compensation | - | | ( | ( | - | - | ( | - | ||||||||||||||||
Net income | - | - | - | | - | | | - | ||||||||||||||||
Balances at March 31, 2025 | | ( | | | - | ( | | | ||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared | - | - | - | ( | - | - | ( | - | ||||||||||||||||
Noncontrolling investors, net | - | - | - | - | - | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||
Share repurchases | - | ( | - | - | - | - | ( | - | ||||||||||||||||
Equity-based compensation | - | | | ( | - | - | | - | ||||||||||||||||
Net income | - | - | - | | - | | | - | ||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | - | - | - | - | | - | | - | ||||||||||||||||
Balances at June 30, 2025 | | ( | | | | ( | | | ||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared | - | - | - | ( | - | - | ( | - | ||||||||||||||||
Noncontrolling investors, net | - | - | - | - | - | ( | ( | - | ||||||||||||||||
Share repurchases | - | ( | - | - | - | - | ( | - | ||||||||||||||||
Equity-based compensation | - | | | ( | - | - | | - | ||||||||||||||||
Net income | - | - | - | | - | | | - | ||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | - | - | - | - | ( | - | ( | - | ||||||||||||||||
Balances at September 30, 2025 | $ | | $ | ( | $ | | $ | | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | | $ | | ||||||||
Stockholders of Steel Dynamics, Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Additional | Other | Redeemable | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Common | Treasury | Paid-In | Retained | Comprehensive | Noncontrolling | Total | Noncontrolling | |||||||||||||||||
Stock | Stock | Capital | Earnings | Income (Loss) | Interests | Equity | Interests | |||||||||||||||||
Balances at December 31, 2023 | $ | | $ | ( | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | ( | $ | | $ | | ||||||||
Dividends declared | - | - | - | ( | - | - | ( | - | ||||||||||||||||
Noncontrolling investors, net | - | - | - | - | - | ( | ( | - | ||||||||||||||||
Share repurchases | - | ( | - | - | - | - | ( | - | ||||||||||||||||
Equity-based compensation | - | | ( | ( | - | - | ( | - | ||||||||||||||||
Net income | - | - | - | | - | | | - | ||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | - | - | - | - | ( | - | ( | - | ||||||||||||||||
Balances at March 31, 2024 | | ( | | | ( | ( | | | ||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared | - | - | - | ( | - | - | ( | - | ||||||||||||||||
Noncontrolling investors, net | - | - | - | - | - | | | - | ||||||||||||||||
Share repurchases | - | ( | - | - | - | - | ( | - | ||||||||||||||||
Equity-based compensation | - | | | ( | - | - | | - | ||||||||||||||||
Net income | - | - | - | | - | | | - | ||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | - | - | - | - | ( | - | ( | - | ||||||||||||||||
Balances at June 30, 2024 | | ( | | | ( | ( | | | ||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared | - | - | - | ( | - | - | ( | - | ||||||||||||||||
Noncontrolling investors, net | - | - | - | - | - | | | - | ||||||||||||||||
Share repurchases | - | ( | - | - | - | - | ( | - | ||||||||||||||||
Equity-based compensation | - | | | ( | - | - | | - | ||||||||||||||||
Net income | - | - | - | | - | | | - | ||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | - | - | - | - | | - | | - | ||||||||||||||||
Balances at September 30, 2024 | $ | | $ | ( | $ | | $ | | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | | $ | | ||||||||
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STEEL DYNAMICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Note 6. Fair Value Measurements
Accounting standards provide a comprehensive framework for measuring fair value, sets forth a definition of fair value and establishes a hierarchy prioritizing the inputs to valuation techniques, giving the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable value inputs. Levels within the hierarchy are defined as follows:
| ● | Level 1—Unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets; |
| ● | Level 2—Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets (other than those included in Level 1) which are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and |
| ● | Level 3—Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. |
The following table sets forth financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis in the consolidated balance sheets and the respective levels to which the fair value measurements are classified within the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):
Quoted Prices | Significant | ||||||||||
in Active | Other | Significant | |||||||||
Markets for | Observable | Unobservable | |||||||||
Identical Assets | Inputs | Inputs | |||||||||
Total | (Level 1) | (Level 2) | (Level 3) | ||||||||
September 30, 2025 | |||||||||||
Short-term investments | $ | - | $ | $ | - | $ | |||||
Commodity futures – financial assets | | | |||||||||
Commodity futures – financial liabilities | | | |||||||||
December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||
Short-term investments | $ | | $ | $ | | $ | |||||
Commodity futures – financial assets | | | |||||||||
Commodity futures – financial liabilities |
| | | ||||||||
The carrying amounts of financial instruments including cash equivalents approximate fair value (Level 1). The fair values of short-term investments and commodity futures contracts are estimated using quoted market prices, estimates obtained from brokers, and other appropriate valuation techniques based on references available (Level 2). The fair value of long-term debt, including current maturities, as determined by quoted market prices (Level 2), was approximately $
Note 7. Commitments and Contingencies
The company is involved in various litigation matters, including administrative and regulatory proceedings, that arise in the ordinary course of business, none of which are expected to have a material impact on the company’s financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity.
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STEEL DYNAMICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Note 8. Segment Information
The company’s chief operating decision maker (CODM), who is the Chief Executive Officer, analyzes the results of the business through the following reportable segments: steel operations, metals recycling operations, steel fabrication operations, and aluminum operations. The segment operations are more fully described in Note 1. Description of the Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the consolidated financial statements. In the fourth quarter 2024, results from an entity previously reported within the metals recycling operations segment were moved to the aluminum operations segment, consistent with a change in how the CODM manages the business. Segment information provided within this Form 10-Q has been recast for all prior periods presented consistent with the current reportable segment presentation.
The CODM assesses segment performance and allocates resources primarily based on operating income. The CODM uses operating income to allocate operating and capital resources and assesses performance of each segment by comparing actual operating income results to historical and previously forecasted financial information. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are consistent with those described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements. Intra-segment sales and any related profits are eliminated in consolidation.
The company’s segment results, with prior periods recast consistent with our current reportable segments presentation, including disaggregated revenue by segment to external, external non-United States, and other segment customers, are as follows (in thousands):
Metals | Steel | ||||||||||||||||||||
For the three-month period ended | Steel | Recycling | Fabrication | Aluminum | |||||||||||||||||
September 30, 2025 | Operations | Operations | Operations | Operations | Other (a) | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||
Net sales - disaggregated revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||
External | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | - | $ | | |||||||
External Non-United States | | | | - | | - | | ||||||||||||||
Other segments | | | | | | ( | - | ||||||||||||||
Net sales | | | | | | ( | | ||||||||||||||
Less: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of goods sold | | | | | | ( | | ||||||||||||||
Other segment items (b) | | | | | | ( | | ||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | | | | ( | ( | | | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest | | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other (income) expense, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes | $ | | |||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | - | $ | | |||||||
Capital expenditures | | | | | | ( | | ||||||||||||||
Total Assets | | | | | | (c) | ( | | |||||||||||||
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STEEL DYNAMICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Note 8. Segment Information (Continued)
Metals | Steel | ||||||||||||||||||||
For the three-month period ended | Steel | Recycling | Fabrication | Aluminum | |||||||||||||||||
September 30, 2024 | Operations | Operations | Operations | Operations | Other (a) | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||
Net sales - disaggregated revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||
External | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | - | $ | | |||||||
External Non-United States | | | | | | - | | ||||||||||||||
Other segments | | | | | - | ( | - | ||||||||||||||
Net sales | | | | | | ( | | ||||||||||||||
Less: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of goods sold | | | | | | ( | | ||||||||||||||
Other segment items (b) | | | | | | ( | | ||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | | | | ( | ( | | | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest | | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other (income) expense, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes | $ | | |||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | - | $ | | |||||||
Capital expenditures | | | | | | ( | | ||||||||||||||
Metals | Steel | ||||||||||||||||||||
For the nine-month period ended | Steel | Recycling | Fabrication | Aluminum | |||||||||||||||||
September 30, 2025 | Operations | Operations | Operations | Operations | Other (a) | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||
Net sales - disaggregated revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||
External | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | - | $ | | |||||||
External Non-United States | | | | - | | - | | ||||||||||||||
Other segments | | | | | | ( | - | ||||||||||||||
Net sales | | | | | | ( | | ||||||||||||||
Less: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of goods sold | | | | | | ( | | ||||||||||||||
Other segment items (b) | | | | | | ( | | ||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | | | | ( | ( | ( | | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest | | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other (income) expense, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes | $ | | |||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | - | $ | | |||||||
Capital expenditures | | | | | | ( | | ||||||||||||||
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STEEL DYNAMICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Note 8. Segment Information (Continued)
Metals | Steel | ||||||||||||||||||||
For the nine-month period ended | Steel | Recycling | Fabrication | Aluminum | |||||||||||||||||
September 30, 2024 | Operations | Operations | Operations | Operations | Other (a) | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||
Net sales - disaggregated revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||
External | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | - | $ | | |||||||
External Non-United States | | | | | | - | | ||||||||||||||
Other segments | | | | | - | ( | - | ||||||||||||||
Net sales | | | | | | ( | | ||||||||||||||
Less: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of goods sold | | | | | | ( | | ||||||||||||||
Other segment items (b) | | | | | | ( | | ||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | | | | ( | ( | | | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest | | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other (income) expense, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes | $ | | |||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | - | $ | | |||||||
Capital expenditures | | | | | | ( | | ||||||||||||||
(a) Amounts included in Other are from subsidiary operations that are below the quantitative thresholds required for reportable segments and primarily consist of joint ventures and the idled Minnesota ironmaking operations. Also included are certain unallocated corporate accounts, such as the company's senior unsecured credit facility, senior notes, certain other investments, amortization of intangible assets and certain profit sharing expenses.
(b) Other segment items for each reportable operating segment include selling, general, and administrative expenses including payroll & benefit expenses and professional service expenses. For the Aluminum Operations segment, other segment items largely consist of construction, start-up, and commissioning costs recorded in selling, general, and administrative expenses. Other segment items within Other include selling, general, and administrative expenses such as payroll & benefit expenses, companywide equity-based compensation expenses, and professional service expenses, as well as company-wide profit sharing expense and amortization of intangible assets.
(c) Asset amounts included in Other consist of assets held by subsidiary operations that are below the quantitative thresholds required for reportable segments and the company's corporate assets. Corporate assets primarily consist of cash, short-term and other investments, and intra-company debt.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains some predictive statements about future events, including statements related to conditions in domestic or global economies, conditions in steel, aluminum, and recycled metals market places, Steel Dynamics' revenues, costs of purchased materials, future profitability and earnings, and the operation of new, existing or planned facilities. These statements, which we generally precede or accompany by such typical conditional words as "anticipate", "intend", "believe", "estimate", "plan", "seek", "project", or "expect", or by the words "may", "will", or "should", are intended to be made as "forward-looking", subject to many risks and uncertainties, within the safe harbor protections of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements speak only as of this date and are based upon information and assumptions, which we consider reasonable as of this date, concerning our businesses and the environments in which they operate. Such predictive statements are not guarantees of future performance, and we undertake no duty to update or revise any such statements. Some factors that could cause such forward-looking statements to turn out differently than anticipated include: (1) domestic and global economic factors; (2) global steelmaking overcapacity and imports of steel, together with increased scrap prices; (3) pandemics, epidemics, widespread illness or other health issues; (4) the cyclical nature of the steel industry and the industries we serve; (5) volatility and major fluctuations in prices and availability of scrap metal, scrap substitutes and supplies, and our potential inability to pass higher costs on to our customers; (6) cost and availability of electricity, natural gas, oil, and other energy resources are subject to volatile market conditions; (7) increased environmental, greenhouse gas emissions and sustainability considerations from our customers and investors or related regulations; (8) compliance with and changes in environmental and remediation requirements; (9) significant price and other forms of competition from other steel and aluminum producers, scrap processors and alternative materials; (10) availability of an adequate source of supply of scrap for our metals recycling operations; (11) cybersecurity threats and risks to the security of our sensitive data and information technology; (12) the implementation of our growth strategy; (13) our ability to retain, develop and attract key personnel; (14) litigation and legal compliance; (15) unexpected equipment downtime or shutdowns; (16) governmental agencies may refuse to grant or renew some of our licenses and permits; (17) our senior unsecured credit facility contains, and any future financing agreements may contain, restrictive covenants that may limit our flexibility; and (18) the impacts of impairment charges.
More specifically, we refer you to our more detailed explanation of these and other factors and risks that may cause such predictive statements to turn out differently, as set forth in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K under the headings Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Risk Factors for the year ended December 31, 2024, in our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, or in other reports which we from time to time file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These reports are available publicly on the Securities and Exchange Commission website, www.sec.gov, and on our website, www.steeldynamics.com under “Investors – SEC Filings.”
Description of the Business
We are one of the largest domestic steel producers and metals recyclers in the United States, based on estimated steelmaking and steel coating capacity of approximately 16 million tons and actual metals recycling volumes, with one of the most diversified product and end market portfolios in the domestic steel industry, combined with meaningful downstream steel fabrication operations. We are currently continuing with commissioning and startup of our aluminum operations to further diversify our end markets with plans to supply aluminum flat rolled products with high recycled content to the countercyclical sustainable beverage can industry, in addition to the automotive and industrial sectors. Our primary sources of revenue are currently from the manufacture and sale of steel products, the processing and sale of recycled ferrous and nonferrous metals, and the fabrication and sale of steel joists and deck products.
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Operating Statement Classifications
Net Sales. Net sales from our operations are a factor of volumes shipped, product mix, and related pricing. We charge premium prices for certain grades of steel, product dimensions, certain smaller volumes, and for value-added processing or coating of our steel products. Except for the steel fabrication operations, we recognize revenues from sales and the allowance for estimated returns and claims from these sales at the point in time control of the product transfers to the customer, upon shipment or delivery. Our steel fabrication operations recognize revenues over time based on completed fabricated tons to date as a percentage of total tons required for each contract.
Costs of Goods Sold. Our costs of goods sold represent all direct and indirect costs associated with the manufacture of our products. The principal elements of these costs are scrap and scrap substitutes (which represent the most significant single component of our consolidated costs of goods sold), steel substrate, direct and indirect labor and related benefits, alloys, zinc, transportation and freight, repairs and maintenance, utilities such as electricity and natural gas, and depreciation.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of all costs associated with our sales, finance and accounting, and administrative departments, including, among other items, labor and related benefits, and professional services.
Companywide profit sharing and amortization of intangible assets are each separately presented in the statements of income.
Interest Expense, net of Capitalized Interest. Interest expense consists of interest associated with our senior credit facilities and other debt, net of interest costs that are required to be capitalized during the construction period of certain capital investment projects.
Other (Income) Expense, net. Other income consists of interest income earned on our temporary cash deposits, short-term and other investments, and any other non-operating income activity, including income from investments in unconsolidated affiliates accounted for under the equity method. Other expense consists of any non-operating costs, such as certain acquisition and financing expenses.
Results Overview
In the third quarter of 2025 we achieved record quarterly steel shipments of 3.6 million tons. Our metals recycling operations benefitted from higher domestic steel industry demand, while our steel fabrication segment continued to experience consistently strong order activity as realized average selling prices declined slightly.
Consolidated operating income increased $112.3 million, or 28%, to $507.8 million for the third quarter of 2025, compared to the third quarter of 2024 as steel and metals recycling operations metal spreads expanded. Third quarter 2025 net income attributable to Steel Dynamics, Inc. increased $85.9 million, or 27%, to $403.7 million, compared to the third quarter of 2024, consistent with increased operating income.
Consolidated operating income decreased $539.8 million, or 32%, to $1.2 billion for the first nine months of 2025, compared to the first nine months of 2024. First nine months 2025 net income attributable to Steel Dynamics, Inc. decreased $410.3 million, or 31%, to $919.6 million, compared to the first nine months of 2024, consistent with decreased operating income.
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Segment Operating Results 2025 vs. 2024 (dollars in thousands)
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2025 | % Change | 2024 | 2025 | % Change | 2024 | ||||||||||
Net sales: | |||||||||||||||
Steel Operations Segment | $ | 3,650,856 | 21% | $ | 3,024,008 | $ | 10,189,415 | 4% | $ | 9,786,498 | |||||
Metals Recycling Operations Segment | 1,134,127 | 10% | 1,029,677 | 3,368,787 | 6% | 3,181,046 | |||||||||
Steel Fabrication Operations Segment | 378,259 | (16)% | 449,803 | 1,071,394 | (22)% | 1,375,302 | |||||||||
Aluminum Operations Segment | 104,444 | 26% | 83,209 | 298,658 | 26% | 237,169 | |||||||||
Other | 320,763 | (22)% | 411,733 | 1,030,600 | (11)% | 1,163,985 | |||||||||
5,588,449 | 4,998,430 | 15,958,854 | 15,744,000 | ||||||||||||
Intra-company | (760,234) | (656,815) | (2,196,321) | (2,075,748) | |||||||||||
$ | 4,828,215 | 11% | $ | 4,341,615 | $ | 13,762,533 | 1% | $ | 13,668,252 | ||||||
Operating income (loss): | |||||||||||||||
Steel Operations Segment | $ | 496,792 | 65% | $ | 301,254 | $ | 1,106,748 | (22)% | $ | 1,410,805 | |||||
Metals Recycling Operations Segment | 31,533 | 414% | 6,134 | 78,533 | 88% | 41,725 | |||||||||
Steel Fabrication Operations Segment | 107,020 | (35)% | 165,592 | 316,880 | (40)% | 524,672 | |||||||||
Aluminum Operations Segment | (56,510) | (157)% | (22,018) | (125,872) | (190)% | (43,435) | |||||||||
Other | (72,051) | (20)% | (60,154) | (204,143) | 12% | (231,961) | |||||||||
506,784 | 390,808 | 1,172,146 | 1,701,806 | ||||||||||||
Intra-company | 973 | 4,629 | (6,390) | 3,729 | |||||||||||
$ | 507,757 | 28% | $ | 395,437 | $ | 1,165,756 | (32)% | $ | 1,705,535 | ||||||
Steel Operations Segment |
Steel operations include our EAF steel mills, including Butler Flat Roll Division, Columbus Flat Roll Division, Southwest-Sinton Flat Roll Division, Structural and Rail Division, Engineered Bar Products Division, Roanoke Bar Division, and Steel of West Virginia; steel coating and processing operations at The Techs, Heartland Flat Roll Division, United Steel Supply, and Vulcan Threaded Products, Inc.; warehouse operations in Mexico; and a 75% controlling equity interest in SDI Biocarbon Solutions, LLC. Steel operations accounted for 73% and 67% of our consolidated net sales during the three-month periods ending September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively, and 72% and 69% during the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Steel Operations Segment Shipments (tons):
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
2025 | % Change | 2024 | 2025 | % Change | 2024 | ||||||
Total shipments | 3,613,330 | 14% | 3,181,377 | 10,444,667 | 8% | 9,640,171 | |||||
Intra-segment shipments | (348,469) | (320,674) | (1,038,297) | (1,001,795) | |||||||
Steel Operations Segment shipments | 3,264,861 | 14% | 2,860,703 | 9,406,370 | 9% | 8,638,376 | |||||
External shipments | 3,162,805 | 15% | 2,754,853 | 9,123,456 | 10% | 8,311,539 | |||||
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Steel Operations Segment Results 2025 vs. 2024
During the third quarter of 2025, our steel operations achieved record shipments of 3.6 million tons (3.3 million excluding intra-segment) as imports declined from the elevated levels seen earlier in the year. We continue to observe some hesitancy from customers due to trade uncertainties, despite several encouraging demand drivers—such as manufacturing onshoring, infrastructure program funding, lower interest rates, and the increasing regionalization of supply chains in the US. Third quarter 2025 total steel segment average selling prices increased 6%, or $61 per ton, compared to the third quarter of 2024, while segment shipments increased 14%. Net sales for the steel operations in the third quarter of 2025 increased 21% compared to the same period in 2024, due to the increased segment shipments, coupled with increased average selling prices. Net sales for the steel operations increased 4% in the first nine months of 2025 when compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to increased segment shipments offsetting decreased average selling prices, particularly in the first quarter of 2025.
Metallic raw materials used in our electric arc furnaces represent our single most significant steel manufacturing cost, generally comprising approximately 55% to 65% of our steel mill operations’ manufacturing costs. Our metallic raw material cost per net ton consumed in our steel mills increased $14 per ton, or 4%, in the third quarter of 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, consistent with overall increased domestic ferrous scrap pricing noted below in the Metals Recycling Operations segment discussion. In the first nine months of 2025, our metallic raw material cost per ton was flat compared to the same period in 2024.
In the third quarter of 2025, as a result of average selling prices rising more than scrap costs, metal spread (which we define as the difference between average steel mill selling prices and the cost of ferrous scrap consumed in our steel mills) increased 7% compared to the third quarter of 2024. As a result of this metal spread expansion, operating income for the steel operations increased 65%, to $496.8 million, in the third quarter of 2025, compared to the same period in 2024. First nine months 2025 operating income decreased 22%, to $1.1 billion, compared to the first nine months of 2024 due primarily to a 7% decrease in metal spread, as average selling prices decreased more than scrap costs despite higher shipment volume.
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Metals Recycling Operations Segment |
Metals recycling operations include our OmniSource ferrous and nonferrous processing, transportation, marketing, brokerage, and scrap management services throughout the United States and in Central and Northern Mexico. Our steel mills utilize a large portion of the ferrous scrap sold by our metals recycling operations as raw material in our steelmaking operations, and the remainder is sold to other consumers, such as other steel manufacturers and foundries. In the third quarters of 2025 and 2024, 66% and 63%, respectively, of metals recycling operations ferrous scrap was sold to our own steel mills, while our steel mill utilization was 88% and 80% in the third quarters of 2025 and 2024, respectively. Metals recycling operations accounted for 11% and 12% of our consolidated net sales during the three-month periods ending September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively, and 12% and 11% during the nine-month periods ending September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively.
Metals Recycling Operations Segment Shipments:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
2025 | % Change | 2024 | 2025 | % Change | 2024 | ||||||
Ferrous metal (gross tons) | |||||||||||
Total | 1,590,153 | 9% | 1,461,810 | 4,639,168 | 5% | 4,429,523 | |||||
Inter-company | (1,052,133) | (924,728) | (2,998,508) | (2,764,348) | |||||||
External shipments | 538,020 | 0% | 537,082 | 1,640,660 | (1)% | 1,665,175 | |||||
Nonferrous metals (thousands of pounds) | |||||||||||
Total | 242,842 | 1% | 241,292 | 721,499 | (2)% | 739,057 | |||||
Inter-company | (53,799) | (44,556) | (142,780) | (137,720) | |||||||
External shipments | 189,043 | (4)% | 196,736 | 578,719 | (4)% | 601,337 | |||||
Metals Recycling Operations Segment Results 2025 vs. 2024
During the third quarter of 2025, our metals recycling operations benefitted from increased domestic steel mill utilization, resulting in near record quarterly ferrous shipments. Ferrous scrap shipments increased 9% compared to the same period in 2024 while nonferrous shipments increased 1%. Ferrous scrap average selling prices increased 6% during the third quarter of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, while nonferrous scrap prices increased 3%, resulting in an overall 10% increase in segment net sales. Ferrous metal spreads (which we define as the difference between average selling prices and the cost of purchased scrap) increased 3% during the third quarter of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, and nonferrous metal spreads increased 74%, particularly due to copper. As a result of the increased metals spreads, particularly within nonferrous, metals recycling operations operating income increased 414% to $31.5 million in the third quarter of 2025 compared to the third quarter of 2024.
Net sales for our metals recycling operations in the first nine months of 2025 increased 6% compared to the same period in 2024, driven by increased ferrous volumes and increased selling prices for both ferrous and nonferrous metals. Ferrous scrap average selling prices increased 2% during the first nine months of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, while nonferrous average selling prices increased 7%. Ferrous shipments increased 5% and nonferrous shipments decreased 2% in the first nine months of 2025 compared to the first nine months of 2024. Ferrous metal spreads were flat, while nonferrous metal spreads increased 32% in the first nine months of 2025 compared to the first nine months of 2024. As a result of the combination of these volume and metal spread changes, metals recycling operations operating income in the first nine months of 2025 of $78.5 million increased 88% from the first nine months of 2024.
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Steel Fabrication Operations Segment |
Steel fabrication operations include our New Millennium Building Systems’ joist and deck plants located throughout the United States, and in Northern Mexico. Revenues from these plants are generated from the fabrication of girders, steel joists and steel deck used within the non-residential construction industry. Steel fabrication operations accounted for 8% of our consolidated net sales during the three-month and nine-month periods ending September 30, 2025, and 10% during the three-month and nine-month periods ending September 30, 2024.
Steel Fabrication Operations Segment Results 2025 vs. 2024
Net sales for the steel fabrication operations decreased 16% during the third quarter of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, as average selling prices decreased $341 per ton, or 12%, and volume decreased 4% from the third quarter of 2024. While demand remained historically strong, the third quarter of 2025 sales volumes were down compared to the third quarter of 2024, with continued declining selling prices, as industry average selling prices continue to move toward pre-pandemic levels. Our steel fabrication operations continue to benefit from the solid non-residential construction market, continued onshoring of manufacturing, and the U.S. infrastructure program, as evidenced by an order backlog that extends through the first quarter of 2026. Net sales for the segment decreased 22% during the first nine months of 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, as volume decreased 8%, and average selling prices decreased 15%.
The purchase of various steel products is the largest single cost of production for our steel fabrication operations, historically representing approximately two-thirds of the total cost of manufacturing. The average cost per ton of steel consumed decreased 4% in the third quarter of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024. Metal spread (which we define as the difference between average selling prices and the cost of purchased steel) contracted 17% in the third quarter of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024. Metal spread compression coupled with decreased volume resulted in operating income decreasing 35% to $107.0 million in the third quarter 2025, compared to $165.6 million in the same period in 2024. For the first nine months of 2025, operating income decreased 40% to $316.9 million compared to the first nine months of 2024, as a result of an 18% decrease in metal spread, coupled with decreased volumes.
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Aluminum Operations Segment |
Aluminum operations include our recycled aluminum flat rolled products mill nearing completion of construction in Columbus, Mississippi, two satellite recycled aluminum slab centers in the southwest United States and Central Mexico, and an ancillary recycled aluminum deox-rod facility, formerly included in the results of our metals recycling operations segment. We successfully produced and sold our first aluminum coils late in the second quarter of 2025, and we expect volume to steadily increase as we continue to commission and ramp operations. The results of this segment largely consist of construction, start-up, and commissioning costs recorded in selling, general, and administrative expenses, which continued to increase in the third quarter of 2025, consistent with increased headcount and start-up costs.
Other Consolidated Results |
Third Quarter Consolidated Results 2025 vs. 2024
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses of $200.8 million during the third quarter of 2025 increased 20% from $167.7 million during the third quarter of 2024 primarily due to an increase in payroll and benefits expense and the ongoing commissioning related to the growth of the aluminum operations segment during 2025. Selling, general and administrative expenses represented 4.2% and 3.9% of net sales during the third quarters of 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Profit sharing expense during the third quarter of 2025 of $42.4 million increased 23% from $34.4 million during the same period in 2024, consistent with increased pretax earnings. This increase in profit sharing expense was the primary driver of increased operating loss for our other operations of 20% in the third quarter of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024. Profit sharing expense for eligible employees is 8% of consolidated pretax income excluding noncontrolling interests and other items.
Interest Expense, net of Capitalized Interest. During the third quarter of 2025, net interest expense of $13.6 million decreased 20% from $17.1 million during the third quarter of 2024. This decrease is primarily a result of higher capitalized interest during the third quarter of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 due to ongoing construction and expansion projects, primarily within our aluminum operations.
Other (Income) Expense, net. Net other income was $19.7 million in the third quarter of 2025, compared to $29.7 million in the third quarter of 2024, a decrease of $10.0 million due primarily to decreased interest income due to lower invested cash balances during 2025.
Income Tax Expense. Third quarter 2025 income tax expense of $109.9 million, at an effective income tax rate of 21.4%, increased 26% compared to $87.1 million, also at an effective income tax rate of 21.4%, during the third quarter of 2024, consistent with increased pretax earnings.
First Nine Months Consolidated Results 2025 vs. 2024
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses of $580.7 million during the first nine months of 2025 increased 19% from $487.2 million during the first nine months of 2024 primarily due to an increase in payroll and benefits expense related to the execution of our growth strategy during 2025. Selling, general and administrative expenses represented 4.2% and 3.6% of net sales during the first nine months of 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Profit sharing expense during the first nine months of 2025 of $95.8 million decreased 34% from $145.1 million during the same period in 2024, consistent with decreased pretax earnings. This decrease in profit sharing expense was the primary driver of decreased operating loss for our other operations of 12% in the first nine months of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024.
Interest Expense, net of Capitalized Interest. During the first nine months of 2025, interest expense of $43.1 million increased 3% from $41.8 million during the first nine months of 2024. This increase is primarily a result of
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higher outstanding long-term debt balances during the first nine months of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 due to our issuance of senior unsecured notes in March 2025.
Other (Income) Expense, net. Net other income was $59.7 million in the first nine months of 2025, compared to $75.2 million in the first nine months of 2024, a decrease of $15.5 million due primarily to the impact of decreased interest income due to lower invested cash balances in the first nine months of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024.
Income Tax Expense. First nine months 2025 income tax expense of $259.6 million, at an effective income tax rate of 22.0%, decreased 35% compared to $398.8 million, at an effective income tax rate of 22.9%, during the first nine months of 2024, consistent with decreased pretax earnings. In July 2025, U.S. Congress enacted the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”), which included significant provisions modifying the U.S. tax framework. These legislative changes did not and are not expected to have a material impact on our third quarter and future effective tax rates, tax liabilities, and cash taxes. As required by ASC 740, Income Taxes, the estimated impact of the OBBBA has been included in our financial results in the third quarter of 2025, the period of enactment.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Capital Resources and Long-term Debt. Our business is capital intensive and requires substantial expenditures for, among other things, the purchase and maintenance of equipment used in our operations, and to remain in compliance with environmental laws. Our short-term and long-term liquidity needs arise primarily from working capital requirements, capital expenditures, including expansion projects, principal and interest payments related to our outstanding indebtedness, dividends to our shareholders, potential stock repurchases and acquisitions or investments. We have met and intend to continue to meet these liquidity requirements primarily with available cash and cash provided by operations, long-term borrowings, and we also have availability under our unsecured Revolver. Our liquidity at September 30, 2025, is as follows (in thousands):
Cash and equivalents | $ | 770,356 | |||||||
Other investments | 245,569 | ||||||||
Revolver availability | 1,190,640 | ||||||||
Total liquidity | $ | 2,206,565 |
Our total outstanding debt of $3.8 billion increased $551.4 million compared to December 31, 2024, due to our issuance of senior unsecured notes in March 2025 as described in Note 3, the proceeds of which may be used for general corporate purposes, which included the repayment at maturity of our $400.0 million 2.400% notes due June 2025, and may include working capital, capital expenditures, advances for or investments in our subsidiaries, acquisitions, redemption and repayment of other outstanding indebtedness, and purchases of our common stock. Our total long-term debt to capitalization ratio (representing our long-term debt, including current maturities, divided by the sum of our long-term debt, redeemable noncontrolling interests, and our total stockholders’ equity) was 29.7% and 26.5% at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively.
Our unsecured credit agreement has a senior unsecured revolving credit facility (Facility), which provides a $1.2 billion Revolver and matures in July 2028. Subject to certain conditions, we have the ability to increase the Facility size by $500.0 million. The unsecured Revolver is available to fund working capital, capital expenditures, and other general corporate purposes. The Facility contains financial covenants and other covenants pertaining to our ability to incur indebtedness and permit liens on certain assets. Our ability to borrow funds within the terms of the unsecured Revolver is dependent upon our continued compliance with the financial and other covenants. At September 30, 2025, we had $1.2 billion of availability on the Revolver, $9.4 million of outstanding letters of credit and other obligations which reduce availability, and there were no borrowings outstanding.
The financial covenants under our Facility state that we must maintain an interest coverage ratio of not less than 2.50:1.00. Our interest coverage ratio is calculated by dividing our last-twelve-months (LTM) consolidated Adjusted EBITDA as defined in the Facility (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, and certain other non-cash
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transactions as defined in the Facility) by our LTM gross interest expense, less amortization of financing fees. In addition, a debt to capitalization ratio of not more than 0.60:1.00 must be maintained. At September 30, 2025, our interest coverage ratio and debt to capitalization ratio were 13.50:1.00 and 0.30:1.00, respectively. We were in compliance with these covenants at September 30, 2025, and we anticipate we will continue to be in compliance during the next twelve months.
Working Capital (representing excess of current assets over current liabilities). We generated cash flow from operations of $1.2 billion in the first nine months of 2025 compared to $1.5 billion in the same 2024 period. Working capital increased $841.9 million, or 26%, during the first nine months of 2025 to $4.1 billion at September 30, 2025, due primarily to the issuance of our $600.0 million 5.250% notes due in May 2035 and $400.0 million 5.750% notes due in May 2055, offset by the repayment of our $400.0 million of 2.400% senior notes in June 2025, as well as a $344.8 million dollar increase in accounts receivable consistent with increased steel prices and sales volumes in the third quarter of 2025 compared to the fourth quarter of 2024.
Capital Investments. During the first nine months of 2025, we invested $759.5 million in property, plant and equipment, primarily within our aluminum operations and steel operations segments, compared with $1.4 billion invested during the same period in 2024. We are nearing completion of construction of our recycled aluminum flat rolled products mill with two new supporting satellite recycled aluminum slab centers, which are being funded by available cash and cash flow from operations. Related expenditures began in the third quarter of 2022 and have continued through 2025. Our liquidity of $2.2 billion and anticipated future operating cash flow generation is sufficient to provide for our planned 2025 capital requirements.
Cash Dividends. As a reflection of continued confidence in our current and future cash flow generation capability and financial position, we increased our quarterly cash dividend by 9% to $0.50 per share in the first quarter of 2025 (from $0.46 per share for each quarter in 2024), resulting in declared cash dividends of $221.7 million during the first nine months of 2025, compared to $214.6 million during the same period in 2024. We paid cash dividends of $218.1 million and $212.2 million during the first nine months of 2025 and 2024, respectively. Our board of directors, along with executive management, approves the payment of dividends on a quarterly basis. The determination to pay cash dividends in the future is at the discretion of our board of directors, after taking into account various factors, including our financial condition, results of operations, outstanding indebtedness, current and anticipated cash needs and growth plans.
Other. Our board of directors has authorized share repurchase programs during prior years and the current year, the most recent of which occurred in February 2025 for a program of up to $1.5 billion of the company’s common stock. Under the share repurchase programs, purchases take place as and when we determine in open market or private transactions made based upon the market price of our common stock, the nature of other investment opportunities or growth projects, our cash flows from operations, and general economic conditions. The share repurchase programs do not require us to acquire any specific number of shares, and may be modified, suspended, extended, or terminated by us at any time. The share repurchase programs do not have an expiration date. There were $660.6 million and $917.0 million of share repurchases during the first nine months of 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of September 30, 2025, we had $1.0 billion remaining available to purchase under the February 2025 share repurchase program.
Our ability to meet our debt service obligations and reduce our total debt will depend upon our future performance which, in turn, will depend upon general economic, financial, and business conditions, along with competition, legislation and regulatory factors that are largely beyond our control. In addition, we cannot assure that our operating results, cash flows, access to credit markets and capital resources will be sufficient for repayment of our indebtedness in the future. We believe that based upon current levels of operations and anticipated growth, cash flows from operations, together with other available sources of funds, including borrowings under our Facility, if necessary, will be adequate for the next twelve months for making required payments of principal and interest on our indebtedness, funding working capital requirements, and funding anticipated capital expenditures.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Commodity Risk
In the normal course of business, we are exposed to the market risk and price fluctuations related to the sale of our products and to the purchase of raw materials used in our operations, such as metallic raw materials, electricity, water, natural gas and its transportation services, fuel, air products, zinc, and electrodes. Our risk strategy associated with product sales has generally been to obtain competitive prices for our products and to allow operating results to reflect market price movements dictated by supply and demand.
Our risk strategy associated with the purchase of raw materials utilized within our operations has generally been to make some commitments with suppliers relating to future expected requirements for some commodities such as electricity, water, natural gas and its transportation services, fuel, air products, zinc, and electrodes. Certain of these commitments contain provisions which require us to “take or pay” for specified quantities without regard to actual usage for periods of generally up to 5 years for physical commodity requirements and commodity transportation requirements, with some extending beyond, and for up to 15 years for air products and 27 years for water products. We utilized such “take or pay” requirements during the past three years under these contracts. We believe that production requirements will be such that consumption of the products or services purchased under these commitments will occur in the normal production process.
In our metals recycling, aluminum, and steel operations, we have certain fixed price contracts with various customers and suppliers for future delivery of nonferrous and ferrous metals. Our risk strategy has been to enter into base metal financial contracts with the goal to protect the profit margin, within certain parameters, that was contemplated when we entered into the transaction with the customer or vendor. As of September 30, 2025, substantially all of these financial contracts have a settlement date within the next twelve months. We believe the customer contracts associated with the financial contracts will be fully consummated.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
| (a) | Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures |
As required, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2025, the end of the period covered by this quarterly report, our disclosure controls and procedures were designed to provide and were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the applicable rules and forms, and that it is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
| (b) | Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting |
No changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2025, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are involved in various litigation matters, including administrative proceedings, regulatory proceedings, governmental investigations, environmental matters, and commercial and construction contract disputes, none of which are currently expected to have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity.
We may also be involved from time to time in various governmental investigations, regulatory proceedings or judicial actions seeking penalties, injunctive relief, and/or remediation under federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations. The United States EPA has conducted such investigations and proceedings involving us, in some instances along with state environmental regulators, under various environmental laws, including RCRA, CERCLA, the Clean Water Act and the Clean Air Act. Some of these matters have resulted in fines or penalties, exclusive of interest and costs, which did not exceed $1 million in aggregate, as of September 30, 2025.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
No material changes have occurred to the indicated risk factors as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
We purchased the following equity securities registered by us pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act during the three-month period ended September 30, 2025.
Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs (1) | Maximum Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Programs | |||||||||
Quarter ended September 30, 2025 | |||||||||||||
July 1 - 31 | 361,680 | $ | 131.25 | 361,680 | $ | 1,200,856 | |||||||
August 1 - 31 | 941,719 | 126.38 | 941,719 | 1,083,036 | |||||||||
September 1 - 30 | 321,465 | 136.56 | 321,465 | 1,039,579 | |||||||||
1,624,864 | 1,624,864 | ||||||||||||
| (1) | In February 2025, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $1.5 billion of the company’s common stock. |
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
None.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
During the three-month period ended September 30, 2025, none of the Company’s directors or executive officers
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
Reference is made to the Exhibit Index preceding the signature page hereto, which Exhibit Index is hereby incorporated into this item.
EXHIBIT INDEX
Articles of Incorporation | |
3.1 | Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Steel Dynamics, Inc., reflecting all amendments thereto through May 11, 2023, incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 3.1 to our Form 10-Q filed August 8, 2023. |
3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Steel Dynamics, Inc., reflecting all amendments thereto through January 31, 2024, incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 3.2 to our Form 10-K filed February 29, 2024. |
Executive Officer Certifications | |
31.1* | Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Item 307 of Regulation S-K as promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission and pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
31.2* | Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Item 307 of Regulation S-K as promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission and pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
32.1* | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
32.2* | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
XBRL Documents | |
101.INS* | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. |
101.SCH* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
101.CAL* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Document |
101.DEF* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Definition Document |
101.LAB* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Document |
101.PRE* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Document |
104* | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |
* | Filed concurrently herewith |
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
October 24, 2025 | ||
| ||
STEEL DYNAMICS, INC. | ||
By: | /s/ Theresa E. Wagler | |
Theresa E. Wagler | ||
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) |
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FAQ
How did STLD perform in Q3 2025?
What were Steel Dynamics’ record shipments in Q3 2025?
How did segment results trend for STLD?
What was STLD’s cash flow and capex year-to-date?
Did STLD raise or repay debt in 2025?
How many STLD shares were outstanding?
How much stock did STLD repurchase year-to-date?
