[N-2] TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc. SEC Filing

Q: What is TSI's investment objective?

The Fund's objective is to seek a total return comprised of current income and capital appreciation .

Q: How are TSI's advisory fees structured?

The Adviser is paid an annual fee of 0.75% of the first $100 million of average Managed Assets and 0.50% on average Managed Assets in excess of $100 million.

Q: What are the principal risks disclosed for TSI (TSI)?

Principal risks include leverage risk, derivatives and structured-product risk, credit/default risk (including high-yield and stressed issuers), illiquidity, market and geopolitical risk, and conflicts of interest related to adviser compensation.

Filing Impact

(Low)

Filing Sentiment

(Neutral)

Form Type

N-2

Rhea-AI Filing Summary

The prospectus registers a shelf offering for TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc. (NYSE: TSI), a diversified, closed-end management investment company that seeks a total return comprised of current income and capital appreciation. The Fund may offer shares of common stock and subscription rights in one or more offerings; specific offering terms will be provided in Prospectus Supplements. The Adviser is TCW Investment Management Company LLC and advisory fees are stated as 0.75% on the first $100 million and 0.50% thereafter of average Managed Assets.

The Fund’s strategy permits broad investments across U.S. Government securities, investment-grade and below-investment-grade debt, mortgage- and asset-backed securities, equities, structured products, derivatives and Underlying Funds, including private credit exposure. The Fund may use leverage (credit facility with borrowing priced at Fed Funds + 1.00% indicated) and targets a short-to-intermediate portfolio duration (0–8 years) though individual maturities may exceed this. The prospectus discloses material risk themes including leverage risk, derivatives risk, credit/default risk, illiquidity, and potential conflicts of interest related to adviser fees and leverage. Several key numerical items (offering size, NAV, last sale price, line-of-credit amount outstanding, and specific expense/financial figures) are left as placeholders in the filing and are not provided in this text.

Positive

Diversified mandate allowing investment across fixed income, equities, securitized products and derivatives to pursue total return
Experienced adviser (TCW Investment Management Company LLC) with an explicit fee schedule of 0.75%/0.50%
NYSE listing of Common Stock (symbol TSI) provides public market liquidity and transparency
Clear disclosure of duration target (short-to-intermediate, 0–8 years) and permitted use of hedging tools

Negative

Extensive leverage authority (credit facility, reverse repos, derivatives, potential preferred issuance) increases volatility and loss amplification
Unlimited allocation to below-investment-grade and illiquid securities, elevating credit and liquidity risk for shareholders
Potential conflict of interest because adviser fees are based on Managed Assets, which include proceeds from leverage
Key quantitative data missing in this filing (offering size, NAV, last sale price, outstanding borrowings, expense figures), limiting immediate investor assessment

Insights

TL;DR: A broadly flexible income mandate with active leverage and derivatives use; adviser fees disclosed but key offering numbers are missing.

The Fund presents a diversified mandate across credit, securitized products, equities and derivatives with explicit permission to invest without limit in below-investment-grade and illiquid securities, and to employ leverage via a credit facility and other instruments. The advisory fee schedule (0.75%/0.50%) is explicit and the Adviser’s scale is described. Material items required for investor decision-making—offering size, NAV, market price, outstanding borrowings and expense numerics—are blank placeholders and must appear in related Prospectus Supplements. From a portfolio-construction standpoint, the Fund’s flexibility can generate income but also increases potential volatility and event-driven credit exposure.

TL;DR: Elevated investor risk profile from leverage, unlimited high-yield and illiquid investments, and derivative exposure; disclosure of conflicts is notable.

The prospectus explicitly allows significant risk-taking: unlimited allocation to below-investment-grade debt and illiquid securities, active derivatives and structured-product usage, and opportunistic leverage (including reverse repurchase agreements and borrowings). The document acknowledges conflicts where advisory fees are based on Managed Assets, creating incentives to increase leverage. Regulatory constraints under the 1940 Act and Rule 18f-4 are described, but operational and liquidity stresses from high leverage or large illiquid positions remain material investor risks. The filing contains required risk discussion but omits critical quantitative metrics that affect immediate risk assessment.

08/08/2025 - 05:19 PM

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 8, 2025

Securities Act Registration No. 333-

Investment Company Registration No. 811-04980

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM N-2

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933


Pre-Effective Amendment No.		☒
Post-Effective Amendment No.		☐

and/or

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940


Amendment No.		☒

TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

515 South Flower Street,

Los Angeles, CA 90071

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(Number, Street, City, State, Zip Code)

(214) 244-0000

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Peter Davidson, Esq.

TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc.

515 South Flower Street, Los Angeles, CA 90071

(Name and Address (Number, Street, City, Zip Code) of Agent for Service)

Copies of Communication to:

Brian McCabe, Esq.

Adam Schlichtmann, Esq.

Ropes & Gray LLP

800 Boylston Street

Boston, MA 02119

Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box ☐

If any securities being registered on this Form will be offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 (“Securities Act”), other than securities offered in connection with a dividend reinvestment plan, check the following box. ☒

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction A.2 or a post-effective amendment thereto, check the following box ☒

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction B or a post-effective amendment thereto that will become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction B to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box ☐

It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):

☐

when declared effective pursuant to section 8(c) of the Securities Act

Check each box that appropriately characterizes the Registrant:

☒

Registered Closed-End Fund (closed-end company that is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Investment Company Act”)).

☐

Business Development Company (closed-end company that intends or has elected to be regulated as a business development company under the Investment Company Act.

☐

Interval Fund (Registered Closed-End Fund or a Business Development Company that makes periodic repurchase offers under Rule 23c-3 under the Investment Company Act).

☒

A.2 Qualified (qualified to register securities pursuant to General Instruction A.2 of this Form).

☐

Well-Known Seasoned Issuer (as defined by Rule 405 under the Securities Act).

☐

Emerging Growth Company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934).

☐

If an Emerging Growth Company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.

☐

New Registrant (registered or regulated under the Investment Company Act for less than 12 calendar months preceding this filing).

THE REGISTRANT HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR DATES AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE REGISTRANT SHALL FILE A FURTHER AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(a) OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL BECOME EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATES AS THE COMMISSION, ACTING PURSUANT TO SAID SECTION 8(a), MAY DETERMINE.

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Subject to Completion

Preliminary Prospectus (subject to completion), dated August 8, 2025

BASE PROSPECTUS

[ ] Shares

TCW STRATEGIC INCOME FUND, INC.

Shares of Common Stock

Rights to Purchase Shares of Common Stock

The Fund. TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc. (the “Fund,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) is a diversified, closed-end management investment company. The Fund’s investment objective is to seek a total return comprised of current income and capital appreciation. The Fund’s investment objective is considered to be a fundamental policy and may only be changed with the approval of a “majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities” (as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended). There can be no assurance that the investment objective of the Fund will be realized.

We may offer, from time to time, in one or more offerings, up to [ ] shares of our common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”). We may also offer subscription rights to purchase our Common Stock. Common Stock may be offered at prices and on terms to be set forth in one or more supplements to this Prospectus (each, a “Prospectus Supplement”). You should read this Prospectus and the applicable Prospectus Supplement carefully before you invest in our Common Stock.

Our Common Stock may be offered directly to one or more purchasers, including existing stockholders in a rights offering, through agents designated from time to time by us, or to or through underwriters or dealers. The Prospectus Supplement relating to the offering will identify any agents or underwriters involved in the sale of our Common Stock, and will set forth any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount arrangement between us and our agents or underwriters, or among our underwriters, or the basis upon which such amount may be calculated. The Prospectus Supplement relating to any offering of rights will set forth the number of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of each right (or number of rights) and the other terms of such rights offering. We may not sell any of our Common Stock through agents, underwriters or dealers without delivery of a Prospectus Supplement describing the method and terms of the particular offering of our Common Stock.

Our shares of Common Stock are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “TSI.” The last reported sale price of our Common Stock, as reported by the NYSE on [ ], 2025 was $[ ] per share of Common Stock. The net asset value (“NAV”) of our Common Stock at the close of business on [ ] 2025 was $[ ] per Common Stock. Rights issued by the Fund may also be listed on a securities exchange.

Investing in the shares of Common Stock involves risks, including the risk that you may receive little or no return on your investment or that you may lose part or all of your investment. Before buying any shares of Common Stock, you should read the discussion of the principal risks of investing in the Fund. The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized in “Prospectus Summary — Special Risks Considerations” beginning on page [10] of this Prospectus and further described in “Risk Factors” beginning on page [29] of this Prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

This Prospectus is part of a registration statement that we have filed with the SEC using the “shelf” registration process. Under the shelf registration process, we may offer, from time to time, separately or together in one or more offerings, the securities described in this Prospectus. The securities may be offered at prices and on terms described in one or more supplements to this Prospectus. This Prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities that we may offer. Each time we use this Prospectus to offer securities, we will provide a Prospectus Supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. The Prospectus Supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this Prospectus. This Prospectus, together with any Prospectus Supplement, sets forth concisely the information about the Fund that a prospective investor should know before investing. You should read this Prospectus and applicable Prospectus Supplement, which contain important information, before deciding whether to invest in the Common Stock. You should retain the Prospectus and Prospectus Supplement for future reference. A Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”), dated [•], 2025, containing additional information about the Fund, has been filed with the SEC and, as amended from time to time, is incorporated by reference in its entirety into this Prospectus. You may call 1-800-FUND-TCW (1-800-386-3829), visit the Fund’s website (www.TCW.com) or write to the Fund to obtain, free of charge, copies of the SAI and the Fund’s semi-annual and annual reports, as well as to obtain other information about the Fund or to make stockholder inquiries. The SAI, as well as the Fund’s semi-annual and annual reports, are also available for free on the SEC’s website (http://www.sec.gov). You may also e-mail requests for these documents to publicinfo@sec.gov. Information contained in, or that can be accessed through, the Fund’s website is not part of this Prospectus.

The Fund’s shares of Common Stock do not represent a deposit or obligation of, and are not guaranteed by or endorsed by, any bank or other insured depositary institution, and are not federally insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.

Prospectus dated [ ], 2025

TABLE OF CONTENTS


	Page
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY		4

SUMMARY OF FUND EXPENSES		10

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS		12

THE FUND		15

THE OFFER		15

USE OF PROCEEDS		15

DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK		15

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND PRINCIPAL STRATEGIES		16

RISK FACTORS		29

MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND		59

NET ASSET VALUE		61

DISTRIBUTIONS		62

RIGHTS OFFERINGS		62

TAX MATTERS		63

THE FUND’S STRUCTURE; SHARE REPURCHASE AND CHANGE IN STRUCTURE		66

DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN		66

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE		66

CUSTODIAN AND ADMINISTRATOR		67

TRANSFER AGENT AND DIVIDEND-PAYING AGENT		67

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION		67

LEGAL OPINIONS		68

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM		68

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION		68

TABLE OF CONTENTS OF THE FUND’S STATEMENTS OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION		69

You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this Prospectus. The Fund has not authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. The Fund is not making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information contained or the representations made herein are accurate only as of the date on the cover page of this Prospectus. The Fund’s business, financial condition and prospects may have changed since that date.

CAUTIONARY NOTICE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Prospectus, and the SAI, incorporated by reference into the Prospectus, contain “forward-looking statements.” Forward-looking statements can be identified by the words “may,” “will,” “intend,” “expect,” “estimate,” “continue,” “plan,” “anticipate,” and similar terms with the negative of such terms. By their nature, all forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, and actual results could differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements. Several factors that could materially affect the Fund’s actual results are the performance of the portfolio of securities the Fund holds, the price at which the Fund’s shares of Common Stock will trade in the public markets and other factors discussed in the Fund’s periodic filings with the SEC.

Although the Fund believes that the expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, actual results could differ materially from those projected or assumed in the Fund’s forward-looking statements. Future financial condition and results of operations, as well as any forward-looking statements, are subject to change and are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties, such as those disclosed in the “Risk Factors” section of this Prospectus. All forward-looking statements contained in this Prospectus or in the SAI are made as of the date of this Prospectus or SAI, as the case may be. Except for ongoing obligations under the federal securities laws, the Fund does not intend and is not obligated to update any forward-looking statement.

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights selected information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in the Fund’s securities offered by this prospectus. You should carefully read the more detailed information contained in this prospectus and in the SAI. In particular, you should carefully read the risks of investing in the Fund’s common stock, as discussed under the section entitled “Risk Factors.” Except where the context suggests otherwise, the terms the “Fund,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc.; the “Adviser” refers to TCW Investment Management Company, LLC; and “TCW” refers to TCW Investment Management Company LLC (the “Adviser”) and its parent company, The TCW Group, Inc., collectively.

The Fund

The Fund is a closed-end, diversified, management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The Fund was incorporated in Maryland on January 13, 1987 and commenced operations on March 5, 1987.

NYSE Listed

The Fund’s shares of Common Stock are listed for trading on the NYSE under the symbol “TSI.” As of [ ], 2025, the net assets of the Fund were $[ ], the total assets of the Fund were $[ ] and the Fund had [ ] shares of Common Stock outstanding. The last reported sale price of the Fund’s Common Stock, as reported by the NYSE on [ ], 2025 was $[ ] per share of Common Stock. The NAV of the Fund’s Common Stock at the close of business on [ ], 2025 was $[ ] per share of Common Stock. See “Description of Common Stock.” Rights issued by the Fund may also be listed on a securities exchange.

The Offer

We may offer, from time to time, in one or more offerings, up to [ ] of our Common Stock on terms to be determined at the time of the offer. We may also offer subscription rights to purchase our Common Stock. The Common Stock may be offered at prices and on terms to be set forth in one or more Prospectus Supplements. You should read this Prospectus and the applicable Prospectus Supplement carefully before you invest in our Common Stock. Our Common Stock may be offered directly to one or more purchasers, through agents designated from time to time by us, or to or through underwriters or dealers. The offer price per share of Common Stock will not be less than the NAV per share of Common Stock at the time we make the offer, exclusive of any underwriting commissions or discounts, provided that rights offerings that meet certain conditions may be offered at a price below the then current NAV. See “Rights Offerings.” The Prospectus Supplement relating to the offer will identify any agents, underwriters or dealers involved in the sale of our Common Stock, and will set forth any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount arrangement between us and our agents or underwriters, or among our underwriters, or the basis upon which such amount may be calculated. See “Plan of Distribution.” The Prospectus Supplement relating to any offering of rights will set forth the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of each right (or number of rights) and the other terms of such rights offering. We may not sell any of our shares of Common Stock through agents, underwriters or dealers without delivery of a Prospectus Supplement describing the method and terms of the particular offering of our Common Stock.

Use of Proceeds

The Adviser anticipates that investment of the net proceeds from the issuance of Common Stock hereunder in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies will take approximately thirty (30) days from the date on which the proceeds from an offering are received by the Fund. The Fund intends to use the proceeds of an offering to make investments consistent with its investment objective. However, the investment of the net proceeds may take up to three months from completion of the offer, depending on market conditions and the availability of appropriate securities. Pending such investment, it is anticipated that the net proceeds will be invested in fixed income securities and other permitted investments. See “Use of Proceeds.”

Who May Want to Invest

Investors should consider their investment goals, time horizons and risk tolerance before investing in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not appropriate for all investors, and the Fund is not intended to be a complete investment program. The Fund is designed as a long-term investment and not as a trading vehicle. The Fund may be an appropriate investment for investors who are seeking:

•

a closed-end fund that seeks a total return comprised of current income and capital appreciation by investing generally in a wide range of securities including convertible securities, marketable small-, mid- and large-capitalization equity securities, investment-grade debt securities, high-yield debt securities, securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities (“U.S. Government Securities”), repurchase agreements, mortgage related securities, asset-backed securities, money market securities, other securities and derivative instruments;

•

a fund that seeks a balance between credit risk and interest rate risk and investment returns;

•

a fund that seeks exposure to private credit and private asset-backed securities;

•

exposure to mortgage backed and asset backed securities for an overall portfolio that lacks such exposure; and

•

a portfolio that may be shifted and reallocated with professional selection and active management by the Adviser.

Investment Objective and Investment Strategies

The Fund’s investment objective is to seek a total return comprised of current income and capital appreciation. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.

Depending on current market conditions and the Fund’s outlook over time, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objectives by investing in a wide range of securities, including U.S. Government Securities, investment-grade corporate debt securities, high-yield debt securities, mortgage related securities, asset-backed securities, marketable small-, mid- and large-capitalization equity securities, convertible securities, repurchase agreements, other investment companies, other securities and derivative instruments.

The Fund’s investment objective is considered to be a fundamental investment policy and may only be changed with the approval of a “majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities.” A “majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities,” when used in this Prospectus, means the lesser of (1) 67% of the shares represented at a meeting at which more than 50% of the outstanding shares are present in person or represented by proxy, or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding shares.

The Fund’s principal investment strategies are not considered to be fundamental by the Fund and can be changed without the vote of the Fund’s stockholders by the Board with at least sixty (60) days’ written notice provided to stockholders.

Portfolio Turnover Rate

The Fund’s portfolio turnover rate may vary from year to year. Because it is difficult to predict accurately portfolio turnover rates, actual turnover may be higher or lower. A high portfolio turnover rate increases a fund’s transaction costs (including brokerage commissions and dealer costs), which would adversely impact a fund’s performance. Higher portfolio turnover may result in the realization of more short-term capital gains than if a fund had lower portfolio turnover.

Portfolio

Portfolio Construction Guidelines. Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its “Managed Assets” in a wide range of securities, including U.S. Government Securities, investment-grade corporate debt securities, high-yield corporate debt securities, non-US developed and emerging market debt mortgage related securities, asset-backed securities, marketable small-, mid- and large-capitalization equity securities, convertible securities, money market securities, repurchase

agreements, other securities and derivative instruments. Under some market conditions, certain types of structured products, swaps and other derivative instruments may be used to provide neutral or counter, i.e., short exposure to other portfolio holdings. “Managed Assets” are the net asset value of Common Stock, plus the liquidation preference of any preferred shares issued by the Fund and the principal amount of any borrowings of the Fund used for leverage. An emerging market country means any of the countries in the J.P. Morgan Emerging Market Bond Index (EMBI) Global Diversified, the J.P. Morgan Corporate Emerging Market Bond Index (CEMBI) Broad Diversified, the J.P. Morgan Government Bond Index-Emerging Markets (GBI-EM), the MSCI Emerging Markets Index and the MSCI Frontier Markets Index.

The Fund may invest in credit obligations or related instruments that, at the time of investment, could be subject to default. The credit obligations and related instruments in which the Fund may invest include mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities and securities whose value depends on the value of mortgage-backed or asset-backed securities. The Fund may also invest in collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), including collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) and collateralized bond obligations (“CBOs”). These types of investments present special risks. See “Risk Factors.”

The Fund may invest in common stocks and shares of other investment companies (including those advised by the Fund’s investment adviser or its affiliates), including mutual funds, money market funds, closed-end funds, business development companies (“BDCs”), exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), and other pooled investment vehicles (collectively, “Underlying Funds”). The Fund may obtain exposure to private credit and private asset-backed securities indirectly by investing in Underlying Funds, including Underlying Funds managed by the Fund’s investment adviser or its affiliates.

Under normal market conditions, the Fund may also invest in any combination of the following: (i) structured products that do not provide long or short exposure to other credit obligations; (ii) swaps and other derivative instruments (including total return, index and interest rate swaps, options, warrants, forward contracts, futures contracts and options on futures contracts) that do not provide long or short exposure to other credit obligations; (iii) foreign currencies and foreign currency derivatives (including foreign currency related swaps, futures contracts and forward contracts) acquired for the purpose of hedging the currency risk arising from the credit obligations in the Fund’s portfolio; and (iv) equity securities obtained through the conversion or exchange of convertible or exchangeable instruments, debt restructurings or bankruptcy proceedings and hedges on such positions. Structured products, swaps and other derivative instruments that do not provide long or short exposure to other credit obligations are those instruments whose reference or underlying assets or indices are not credit obligations or indices of credit obligations. Examples of such instruments include equity- and commodity-linked notes, total return swaps based on the value of an equity security and commodity futures contracts. The Fund may invest in such instruments in order, for example, (i) to seek current income or capital appreciation or (ii) to reduce the Fund’s exposure solely to credit obligations. The Adviser believes that the flexibility afforded by being able to invest in such instruments may benefit the Fund by (i) allowing the Fund to invest in potentially attractive investment opportunities that are not credit obligations and (ii) increasing the mix of instruments in the Fund’s portfolio which could reduce the overall risk of the Fund’s portfolio. There can be no assurance that these benefits will be realized and such instruments may expose the Fund to risks not presented by credit obligations.

The types of derivative instruments that the Fund currently invests in (or considers for investment) are: structured products, swaps, futures contracts, and forward contracts. In the future, the Fund may invest in other types of derivative instruments if deemed advisable by the Adviser. Structured products include instruments such as credit-linked securities, commodity-linked notes and structured notes. A structured product may combine a traditional stock, bond, or commodity with an option or forward contract. An example of a structured product could be a bond issued by an oil company that pays a small base level of interest with additional interest that accrues in correlation to the extent to which oil prices exceed a certain predetermined level. Such a structured product would be a combination of a bond and a call option on oil. The Fund may commence investing in such other types of derivative instruments without notice to stockholders.

Credit Quality. The Fund may invest without limit in debt instruments that are, at the time of purchase, rated below investment grade (below Baa by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) or below BBB by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services, a division of The McGraw-Hill Company, Inc. (“S&P”) or Fitch, Inc. (“Fitch”)), or unrated but determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality to securities so rated. The Fund may invest in mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities regardless of rating (i.e., of any credit quality). For purposes of applying the foregoing policy, in the case of securities with split ratings (i.e., a security receiving two different ratings from two different rating agencies), the Fund will apply the higher of the applicable ratings. The Fund may invest in securities of stressed issuers, which include securities at risk of being in default as to the repayment of principal and/or interest at the time of acquisition by the Fund or that are rated in the lower rating categories by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (for example, Ca or lower by Moody’s or CC or lower by S&P or Fitch) or, if unrated, are determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. Debt instruments of below investment grade quality are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and to repay principal, and are commonly referred to as “high yield” securities or “junk bonds.” Debt instruments in the lowest investment grade category also may be considered to possess some speculative characteristics. The Fund may, for hedging, investment or leveraging purposes, make use of credit default swaps, which are contracts whereby one party makes periodic payments to a counterparty in exchange for the right to receive from the counterparty a payment equal to the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation in the event of a default or other credit event by the issuer of the debt obligation.

The Fund may invest in securities that have not been registered for public sale in the U.S. or relevant non-U.S. jurisdiction, including without limitation securities eligible for purchase and sale pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or relevant provisions of applicable non-U.S. law, and other securities issued in private placements. The Fund may also invest in securities of other investment companies, including, without limitation, exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), and may invest in foreign ETFs. The Fund may invest in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). The Fund may invest in securities of companies with small and medium market capitalizations.

The Fund may invest without limit in illiquid securities (i.e., securities that cannot be disposed of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the value at which the Fund has valued the securities).

Duration Strategy. It is expected that the Fund normally will have a short to intermediate average portfolio duration (i.e., within a zero to eight (0 to 8) year range), as calculated by the Adviser, although it may be shorter or longer at any time or from time to time depending on market conditions and other factors. While the Fund seeks to maintain a short to intermediate average portfolio duration, there is no limit on the maturity or duration of any individual security in which the Fund may invest. The Adviser believes that maintaining duration within this range offers flexibility and the opportunity for above-average returns while potentially limiting exposure to interest rate volatility and related risk. Duration is a measure used to determine the sensitivity of a security’s price to changes in interest rates. The Fund’s duration strategy may entail maintaining a negative average portfolio duration from time to time, which would potentially benefit the portfolio in an environment of rising market interest rates, but would generally adversely impact the portfolio in an environment of falling or neutral market interest rates. The Adviser may also utilize certain strategies, including without limit investments in structured notes or interest rate futures contracts or swap, cap, floor or collar transactions, for the purpose of reducing the interest rate sensitivity of the Fund’s portfolio, although there is no assurance that it will do so or that such strategies will be successful.

Leverage. The Fund can utilize leverage through the use of a credit facility. The Fund has entered into a line of credit agreement with The Bank of New York Mellon which permits the Fund to borrow up to $[ ] million at a rate, per annum, equal to the Federal Funds Rate plus 1.00%. There is also an annual facility fee of $[ ] for the contract period. As of [ ], 2025, the Fund had outstanding a line of credit balance of approximately $[ ], which represented approximately [ ]% of the Fund’s Managed Assets. The Fund may also enter into transactions that may give rise to a form of leverage including, among others, futures and forward contracts (including foreign currency exchange contracts), credit default swaps, total return swaps and other derivative transactions, loans of portfolio securities, short sales and when-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions. Although it has no current intention to do so, the Fund may also determine to issue preferred shares or other types of senior securities to add leverage to its portfolio. The Fund intends to utilize reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, borrowings and other forms of leverage opportunistically and may choose to increase or decrease, or eliminate entirely, its use of leverage over time and from time to time, based on the Adviser’s assessment of the yield curve environment, interest rate trends, market conditions and other factors.

The net proceeds the Fund obtains from reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls or other forms of leverage utilized will be invested in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies as described in this prospectus. So long as the rate of return, net of applicable Fund expenses, on the debt obligations and other investments purchased by the Fund exceeds the costs to the Fund of the leverage it utilizes, the investment of the Fund’s net assets attributable to leverage will generate more income than will be needed to pay the costs of the leverage. If so, and all other things being equal, the excess may be used to pay higher dividends to Common Stockholders than if the Fund were not so leveraged.

securities” under the 1940 Act and therefore will not be subject to the 1940 Act 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to forms of leverage used by the Fund. However, reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and other such instruments, even if covered, may represent a form of economic leverage and create special risks. The use of these forms of leverage increases the volatility of the Fund’s investment portfolio and could result in larger losses to Common Stockholders than if these strategies were not used. See “Risk Factors—Leverage Risk.” To the extent that the Fund engages in borrowings, it may prepay a portion of the principal amount of the borrowing to the extent necessary in order to maintain the required asset coverage. Failure to maintain certain asset coverage requirements could result in an event of default.

Leveraging is a speculative technique and there are special risks and costs involved. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s leveraging strategies will be successful or result in a higher yield on shares of Common Stock. When leverage is used, the net asset value and market price of the Common Stock and the yield to Common Stockholders will be more volatile. See “Risk Factors—Leverage Risk.” In addition, interest and other expenses borne by the Fund with respect to its use of reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, borrowings or any other forms of leverage are borne by the Common Stockholders and result in a reduction of the net asset value of the Common Stock. In addition, because the fees received by the Adviser are based on the Managed Assets of the Fund, the Adviser has a financial incentive for the Fund to use certain forms of leverage (e.g., reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, borrowings and preferred shares), which may create a conflict of interest between the Adviser and the Common Stockholders.

Temporary Defensive Positions. During temporary defensive periods or in order to keep the Fund’s cash fully invested, including during the period when the net proceeds of the offer are being invested, the Fund may deviate from its investment objective and principal investment strategy. During such periods, the Fund may invest all or a portion of its Managed Assets in certain short-term (less than one (1) year to maturity) and medium-term (not greater than five years to maturity) debt securities or hold cash. The short-term and medium-term debt securities in which the Fund may invest consist of: (i) obligations of the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities; (ii) bank deposits and bank obligations (including certificates of deposit, time deposits and bankers’ acceptances) of U.S. or foreign banks denominated in any currency; (iii) floating rate securities and other instruments denominated in any currency issued by various governments or international development agencies; (iv) finance company and corporate commercial paper and other short-term corporate debt obligations of U.S. or foreign corporations; (v) repurchase agreements with banks and broker-dealers with respect to such securities; and (vi) shares of money market funds.

The Adviser

The Adviser is headquartered at 515 South Flower Street, Los Angeles, California 90071. The Adviser is registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. The Adviser was organized in 1987 as a wholly-owned subsidiary of The TCW Group, Inc. (“TCW”). As of [ ], 2025, the Adviser and its affiliated companies, which provide a variety of investment management and advisory services, had approximately $[ ] under management or committed to management.

Custodian and Administrator

State Street Bank & Trust Company acts as the custodian and administrator to the Fund. See “Custodian and Administrator.”

Transfer Agent and Dividend-Paying Agent

Computershare acts as the Fund’s transfer agent and dividend-paying agent. See “Transfer Agent and Dividend-Paying Agent.”

Legal proceedings

[The Fund and the Adviser are not currently parties to any material legal proceedings.]

Distributions

The Fund has a net investment income-based distribution policy. The policy is to pay quarterly distributions out of the Fund’s accumulated undistributed net investment income and/or other sources subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act and Sub-chapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Distribution policies are a matter of Board discretion and may be modified or terminated at any time without prior notice. Any such change or termination may have an adverse effect on the market price for the Fund’s shares. Stockholders should not draw any conclusions about the Fund’s investment performance from the amount of the quarterly distribution or from the terms of the Fund’s distribution policy.

Dividend Reinvestment Plan

The Fund has established a dividend reinvestment plan (the “Plan”). Stockholders who wish to add to their investment may do so by making an election to participate in the Plan. Under the Plan, stockholder dividends are used to purchase Fund shares on the open market whenever shares, including the related sales commission, are selling below the Fund’s net asset value per share. Stockholders will be charged a pro-rata portion of brokerage commissions on open-market purchases under the Plan. If the market price, including commission, of Fund shares is above the Fund’s net asset value per share, you will receive shares at a price equal to the higher of the Fund’s net asset value per share on the payment date or 95% of the closing market price of Fund shares on the payment date. Generally, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, stockholders participating in the Plan will be treated as having received a distribution from the Fund in cash equal to the value of the shares purchased on their behalf under the Plan.

Closed-end Fund Structure

Closed-end funds differ from open-end management investment companies (commonly referred to as mutual funds) in that closed-end funds generally list their shares for trading on a securities exchange and do not redeem their shares at the option of the stockholder. By comparison, mutual funds issue securities redeemable at NAV at the option of the stockholder and typically engage in a continuous offering of their shares. Mutual funds are subject to continuous asset in-flows and out-flows that can complicate portfolio management, whereas closed-end funds generally can stay more fully invested in securities consistent with the closed-end fund’s investment objective and policies. In addition, in comparison to open-end funds, closed-end funds have greater flexibility in the employment of financial leverage and in the ability to make certain types of investments, including investments in illiquid securities.

However, shares of closed-end funds frequently trade at a discount from their NAV. In recognition of the possibility that the shares of Common Stock might trade at a discount to NAV and that any such discount may not be in the interest of Common Stockholders, the Board, in consultation with the Adviser, from time to time may review possible actions to reduce any such discount. The Board might consider open market repurchases or tender offers for shares of Common Stock at NAV. There can be no assurance, however, that the Board will decide to undertake any of these actions or that, if undertaken, such actions would result in the shares of Common Stock trading at a price equal to or close to NAV. The Board might also consider the conversion of the Fund to an open-end mutual fund, which would also require a vote of the stockholders of the Fund. Under the 1940 Act, conversion of the Fund to an open- end mutual fund would require approval by both (i) a majority of the Board and (ii) a vote of stockholders representing the lesser of (a) 67% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund at a stockholder meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities are present in person or by proxy, or (b) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. In addition, any amendment to the Fund’s charter which makes the Common Stock a redeemable security (within the meaning of the 1940 Act) and any merger with an open-end investment company would require approval by both (i) a majority of the Board and (ii) the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.

The Fund has no limitation on investments in illiquid securities (closed-end funds are not required to have any such limitation) and may invest all or a portion of its assets in illiquid securities. In order to meet redemptions upon request by stockholders, open-end funds typically cannot have more than 15% of their net assets in illiquid securities. Thus, if the Fund were to convert to an open-end fund, it would have to adopt a limitation on illiquid securities and may need to revise its investment objective, strategies and policies. The composition of the Fund’s portfolio and/or its investment policies could prohibit the Fund from complying with regulations of the SEC applicable to open-end management investment funds absent significant changes in portfolio holdings, including with respect to certain illiquid securities, and investment policies. The Board believes, however, that the closed-end structure is desirable, given the Fund’s investment objective, strategies and policies. Investors should assume, therefore, that it is highly unlikely that the Board would vote to convert the Fund to an open-end investment company. Investors should note that the issuance of preferred shares to provide investment leverage could make a conversion to an open-end fund more difficult because of the voting rights of preferred stockholders, the costs of redeeming preferred shares and other factors.

Special Risk Considerations

Risk is inherent in all investing and you could lose all or any portion of the amount you invest in our securities. Therefore, before investing in our securities, you should consider the risks described in this Prospectus, the Fund’s Annual Report and any Prospectus Supplement carefully. The following is only a summary of certain risks of investing in the Fund described in more detail in the Fund’s Annual Report and elsewhere in this Prospectus and any applicable Prospectus Supplement. Before you invest, you should read the full summary of the risks of investing in the Fund, beginning on page 31 of this Prospectus under the heading “Risk Factors,” in any accompanying Prospectus Supplement and under the heading “Investment Objective, Investment Strategy, and Risk Considerations” in the Fund’s Annual Report.

Risks related to the Fund’s portfolio investments include risks related to:

•

investing in fixed income securities, including the risk of investing in U.S. Government Securities, corporate debt securities (including high-yield corporate debt securities), mortgage-related securities, asset-backed securities, and CDOs;

•

equity securities risk, including the risk of investing in mid- and large-capitalization companies;

•

investing in other investment companies, including other investment companies with exposure to private credit and private asset-backed securities;

•

investing in securities of foreign issuers;

•

investing in derivative instruments, including structured products, swaps, futures contracts, and forward contracts, among others; and

•

use of financial leverage.

Special risks to investors in the Fund’s Common Stock include risks relating to the Fund’s distribution policy, dividends and use of leverage, the Common Stocks’ market price and liquidity, dilution and portfolio turnover.

Special risks to holders of the Fund’s subscription rights include risks relating to dilution, market price for subscription rights and the value of the rights.

Other general risks include risks related to:

•

the Fund’s long-term investment techniques, management and dependence on key personnel;

•

market risks, market disruptions and geopolitical events, economic events and market events, government intervention in the financial markets, and inflation;

•

the anti-takeover provisions in the Fund’s charter; and

•

the Fund’s status as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Code, for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

SUMMARY OF FUND EXPENSES

The purpose of the following table and the example below is to help you understand the fees and expenses that you, as an investor in the Fund, would bear directly or indirectly. The expenses shown in the table under “Other expenses” are estimated for the Fund’s current fiscal year, based on the Fund’s expenses during the six-month period ended on June 30, 2025. The expenses shown in the table under “Interest expenses on bank borrowings,” “Total annual expenses” and “Total annual expenses after expense reimbursement” are estimated based on the Fund’s average net assets for the six-month period ended June 30, 2025 of $[ ]. The tables also reflect the estimated use of leverage by the Fund through bank borrowings representing in the aggregate [ ]% of Managed Assets (consistent with the percentage of leverage in place as of June 30, 2025) of the Fund’s total assets (including the assets subject to, and obtained with the proceeds of, such borrowings), and show Fund expenses as a percentage of net assets attributable to shares of Common Stock.


Common Stockholder Transaction Expenses	Percentage of Offering Price
Sales load paid by you (as a percentage of subscription price)(1)		[__	]%
Offering expenses borne by the Fund (as a percentage of subscription price)(1)		[__	]%
Dividend Reinvestment Plan fees(2)		None


	Annual Expenses (as a percentage of net assets attributable to Common Stock)
Annual Expenses
Management Fees⁽³⁾		[	]%
Interest Payments on borrowed funds⁽⁴⁾		[	]%
Other Expenses		[	]%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses		[	]%
Fee Waivers⁽⁵⁾		[	]%
Total Annual Expenses After Fee Waivers⁽⁵⁾		[	]%
Total Annual Expenses		[	]%

(1)	If shares of Common Stock are sold to or through underwriters, the Prospectus Supplement will set forth any applicable sales load and the estimated offering expenses.

(2)

You will pay brokerage charges if you direct your broker or the plan agent to sell your shares of Common Stock that you acquired pursuant to a dividend reinvestment plan. You may also pay a pro rata share of brokerage commissions incurred in connection with open-market purchases pursuant to the Fund’s Dividend Reinvestment Plan. See “Dividend Reinvestment Plan.”

(3)

As compensation for the investment advisory services rendered, facilities provided, and expenses borne, the Adviser is paid a monthly fee by the Fund computed at the annual rate of 0.75% of the first $100 million of the Fund’s average Managed Assets and 0.50% of the Fund’s average Managed Assets in excess of $100 million. The advisory fee percentage calculation assumes the use of leverage by the Fund as discussed in note (4). To derive the annual advisory fee as a percentage of the Fund’s net assets (which are the Fund’s total assets less all of the Fund’s liabilities), the Fund’s average Managed Assets for the six-month period ended June 30, 2025 were multiplied by the annual advisory fee rate and then divided by the Fund’s average net assets for the same period (plus the estimated proceeds of this Offer if fully subscribed as described in note (6)).

(4)

For the six-month period ended June 30, 2025, the Fund had outstanding approximately $[ ] under its Credit Facility. For purposes of preparing this table, the Fund has assumed that it will use leverage through bank borrowings representing in the aggregate [ ]% of the Fund’s Managed Assets (including the assets subject to, and obtained with the proceeds of, such borrowings) at an average annual interest rate of [ ]%. There can be no assurances that the Fund will be able to obtain such level of borrowing (or to maintain its current level of borrowing), that the terms under which the Fund borrows will not change, or that the Fund’s use of leverage will be profitable. The expenses shown under “Interest expense on bank borrowings” in the table above includes the expected interest expense on the maximum amount to which the Fund intends to borrow during the next twelve months, and the Fund currently intends during the next twelve months (i) to maintain a similar proportionate amount of borrowings but may increase such amount to 33 1/3% of the average daily value of the Fund’s total assets and (ii) not to issue preferred shares.

(5)

[The Fund and the Adviser have entered into a fee waiver agreement (the “Fee Waiver Agreement”), pursuant to which the Adviser has contractually agreed to waive its management fee from the Fund in an amount equal to any advisory fees it or its affiliates receive from the Fund’s investments in an affiliated Underlying Fund, through [ ], [2026]. Although it does not expect to do so, the Board of Directors is permitted to terminate that contract sooner in its discretion with written notice to the Adviser.]

The purpose of the table above is to help you understand all fees and expenses that you, as a Common Stockholder, would bear directly or indirectly. See “Management of the Fund” and “Dividend Reinvestment Plan.”

EXAMPLE

An investor would directly or indirectly pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment in the Fund, assuming a 5% annual return. This example assumes that (i) all dividends and other distributions are reinvested at NAV, and (ii) the percentage amounts listed under “Total annual expenses” above remain the same in the years shown. This example reflects all recurring and non-recurring fees. For more complete descriptions of certain of the Fund’s costs and expenses, see “Management of the Fund — Advisory Agreement.”

The example should not be considered a representation of future expenses or rate of return and actual Fund expenses may be greater or less than those shown.

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

The financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Fund’s financial performance. The information in this table for the past five years is derived from the Fund’s financial statements audited by [ ], an independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund, whose report on such financial statements, together with the financial statements of the Fund, are included in the Fund’s annual report to stockholders for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and are incorporated by reference into this Prospectus and SAI. The financial information for the period ended June 30, 2025 is unaudited.

TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc.

Financial Highlights

Six Month
Period
Ended June 30,
2025
(Unaudited)

Year Ended
December 31,
2024

Year Ended
December 31,
2023

Year Ended
December 31,
2022

Year Ended
December 31,
2021

Year Ended
December 31,
2020

Net Asset Value Per Share, Beginning of Year

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

Income from Operations:

Net Investment Income ⁽¹⁾

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

](2)

[

]

Total from Investment Operations

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

Less Distributions:

Distributions from Net Investment Income

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

Distributions from Net Realized Gains

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

Total Distributions

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

Net Asset Value Per Share, End of Year

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

Market Value Per Share, End of Year

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

Net Asset Value Total Return ⁽³⁾

[

]%⁽⁵⁾

[

Market Price Return ⁽⁴⁾

[

]%⁽⁵⁾

[

Ratios/Supplemental Data:

Net Assets, End of Year (in thousands)

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

Ratio of Expenses Before Interest Expense to Average Net Assets

[

Ratio of Interest Expense to Average Net Assets

[

Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets

[

Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets

[

Six Month
Period Ended
June 30,
2025
(Unaudited)

Year Ended
December 31,
2024

Year Ended
December 31,
2023

Year Ended
December 31,
2022

Year Ended
December 31,
2021

Year Ended
December 31,
2020

Portfolio Turnover Rate

[

]%⁽⁵⁾

[

(1)

Computed using average shares outstanding throughout the period.

(2)

Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.

(3)

Based on net asset value per share, adjusted for reinvestment of distributions.

(4)

Based on market price per share, adjusted for reinvestment of distributions.

(5)

For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and not indicative of a full year’s result

THE FUND

The Fund is a diversified closed-end management investment company registered under the 1940 Act. The Fund was incorporated in Maryland on January 13, 1987 and commenced operations on March 5, 1987.

The Fund’s investment objective is to seek a total return comprised of current income and capital appreciation. No assurance can be given that the Fund’s investment objective will be achieved.

The Fund’s Adviser is TCW Investment Management Company LLC. The Adviser is registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended.

THE OFFER

We may offer, from time to time, in one or more offerings, up to [ ] of our Common Stock on terms to be determined at the time of the offer. We may also offer subscription rights to purchase our Common Stock. The Common Stock may be offered at prices and on terms to be set forth in one or more Prospectus Supplements. You should read this Prospectus and the applicable Prospectus Supplement carefully before you invest in our Common Stock. Our Common Stock may be offered directly to one or more purchasers, through agents designated from time to time by us, or to or through underwriters or dealers. The offer price per share of Common Stock will not be less than the NAV per share of Common Stock at the time we make the offer, exclusive of any underwriting commissions or discounts, provided that rights offerings that meet certain conditions may be offered at a price below the then current NAV. See “Rights Offerings.” The Prospectus Supplement relating to the offer will identify any agents, underwriters or dealers involved in the sale of our Common Stock, and will set forth any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount arrangement between us and our agents or underwriters, or among our underwriters, or the basis upon which such amount may be calculated. See “Plan of Distribution.” The Prospectus Supplement relating to any offering of offering of rights will set forth the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of each right (or number of rights) and the other terms of such rights rffering. We may not sell any of our shares of Common Stock through agents, underwriters or dealers without delivery of a Prospectus Supplement describing the method and terms of the particular offering of our Common Stock.

USE OF PROCEEDS

DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK

The Fund is authorized to issue [ ] shares of Common Stock. All shares of Common Stock have equal voting, dividend, distribution and liquidation rights. The shares of Common Stock outstanding are fully paid and non-assessable. Shares of Common Stock are not redeemable and have no preemptive rights, conversion rights, cumulative voting rights or appraisal rights.

The number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of [ ], 2025 was [ ].

The Fund’s shares of Common Stock are publicly held and are listed and traded on the NYSE. The following table sets forth for the fiscal quarters indicated the highest and lowest daily prices during the applicable quarter at the close of market on the NYSE per share of Common Stock along with (i) the highest and lowest closing NAV and (ii) the highest and lowest premium or discount from NAV represented by such prices at the close of the market on the NYSE.

NYSE Market Price(1)

NAV at NYSE
Market
Price

Market
Premium/(Discount) to
NAV on Date of NYSE
Market
Price

Quarter Ended (1)

High

Low

High

Low

High

Low

June 30, 2025

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

March 31, 2025

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

December 31, 2024

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

September 30, 2024

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

June 30, 2024

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

March 31, 2024

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

December 31, 2023

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

September 30, 2023

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

June 30, 2023

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

March 31, 2023

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

December 31, 2022

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

September 30, 2022

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

]

[

(1)	Data presented are with respect to a short period of time and are not indicative of future performance.

On [ ], 2025, the Fund’s NAV was $[ ] and the last reported sale price of a share of Common Stock on the NYSE was $[ ], representing a [premium/discount] to NAV of [ ]%.

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

The Fund’s investment objective is to seek a total return comprised of current income and capital appreciation. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.

Depending on current market conditions and the Fund’s outlook over time, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objectives by investing in a wide range of securities, including U.S. Government Securities, investment-grade corporate debt securities, high-yield debt securities, mortgage related securities, asset-backed securities, marketable small-, mid- and large-capitalization equity securities, convertible securities, repurchase agreements, Underlying Funds, other securities and derivative instruments.

The types of derivative instruments in which the Fund may invest (or consider for investment) are: structured products, swaps, futures contracts, and forward contracts. The Fund may also invest in other types of derivative instruments if deemed advisable by the Adviser. The Fund may commence investing in such other types of derivative instruments without notice to Common Stockholders.

Portfolio Turnover

Portfolio

Portfolio Construction Guidelines

Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its Managed Assets in a wide range of securities, including U.S. Government Securities, investment-grade corporate debt securities, high-yield corporate debt securities, non-US developed and emerging market debt mortgage related securities, asset-backed securities, marketable small-, mid- and large-capitalization equity securities, convertible securities, money market securities, repurchase agreements, other securities and derivative instruments. Under some market conditions, certain types of structured products, swaps and other derivative instruments may be used to provide neutral or counter, i.e., short exposure to other portfolio holdings. “Managed Assets” are the net asset value of Common Stock, plus the liquidation preference of any preferred shares issued by the Fund and the principal amount of any borrowings of the Fund used for leverage. An emerging market country means any of the countries in the J.P. Morgan Emerging Market Bond Index (EMBI) Global Diversified, the J.P. Morgan Corporate Emerging Market Bond Index (CEMBI) Broad Diversified, the J.P. Morgan Government Bond Index-Emerging Markets (GBI-EM), the MSCI Emerging Markets Index and the MSCI Frontier Markets Index.

The Fund may invest in credit obligations or related instruments that, at the time of investment, are subject to default. The credit obligations and related instruments in which the Fund may invest include mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities and securities whose value depends on the value of mortgage-backed or asset-backed securities. The Fund may also invest in CDOs, including CLOs and CBOs. These types of investments present special risks.

The Fund may invest in common stocks and shares of other investment companies (including those advised by the Adviser or its affiliates), including mutual funds, money market funds, closed-end funds, BDCs, ETFs, and other Underlying Funds. The Fund may obtain exposure to private credit and private asset-backed securities indirectly by investing in Underlying Funds, including Underlying Funds managed by the Adviser or its affiliates.

The types of derivative instruments in which the Fund currently invests (or considers for investment) are: structured products, swaps, futures contracts, and forward contracts. In the future, the Fund may invest in other types of derivative instruments if deemed advisable by the Adviser. Structured products include instruments such as credit-linked securities, commodity-linked notes and structured notes. A structured product may combine a traditional stock, bond, or commodity with an option or forward contract. An example of a structured product could be a bond issued by an oil company that pays a small base level of interest with additional interest that accrues in correlation to the extent to which oil prices exceed a certain predetermined level. Such a structured product would be a combination of a bond and a call option on oil. The Fund may commence investing in such other types of derivative instruments without notice to stockholders.

Credit Quality

The Fund may invest without limit in debt instruments that are, at the time of purchase, rated below investment grade (below Baa3 by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) or below BBB- by either Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services, a division of The McGraw-Hill Company, Inc. (“S&P”) or Fitch, Inc. (“Fitch”)), or unrated but determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality to securities so rated. The Fund may invest in mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities regardless of rating (i.e., of any credit quality). For purposes of applying the foregoing policy, in the case of securities with split ratings (i.e., a security receiving two different ratings from two different rating agencies), the Fund will apply the higher of the applicable ratings. The Fund may invest in securities of stressed issuers, which include securities at risk of being in default as to the repayment of principal and/or interest at

the time of acquisition by the Fund or that are rated in the lower rating categories by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (for example, Ca or lower by Moody’s or CC or lower by S&P or Fitch) or, if unrated, are determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. Debt instruments of below investment grade quality are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and to repay principal, and are commonly referred to as “high yield” securities or “junk bonds.” Debt instruments in the lowest investment grade category also may be considered to possess some speculative characteristics. The Fund may, for hedging, investment or leveraging purposes, make use of credit default swaps, which are contracts whereby one party makes periodic payments to a counterparty in exchange for the right to receive from the counterparty a payment equal to the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation in the event of a default or other credit event by the issuer of the debt obligation.

The Adviser relies primarily on its own analysis of the credit quality and risks associated with individual debt instruments considered for the Fund, rather than relying exclusively on rating agencies or third-party research. The Fund’s portfolio managers utilize this information in an attempt to minimize credit risk and to identify issuers, industries or sectors that are undervalued or that offer attractive yields relative to the Adviser’s assessment of their credit characteristics. This aspect of the Adviser’s capabilities will be particularly important to the extent that the Fund invests in high yield securities and in securities of emerging market issuers.

Duration Strategy

It is expected that the Fund normally will have a short to intermediate average portfolio duration (i.e., within a zero to eight (0 to 8) year range), as calculated by the Adviser, although it may be shorter or longer at any time or from time to time depending on market conditions and other factors. While the Fund seeks to maintain a short to intermediate average portfolio duration, there is no limit on the maturity or duration of any individual security in which the Fund may invest. The Adviser believes that maintaining duration within this range offers flexibility and the opportunity for above-average returns while potentially limiting exposure to interest rate volatility and related risk. Duration is a measure used to determine the sensitivity of a security’s price to changes in interest rates. The Fund’s duration strategy may entail maintaining a negative average portfolio duration from time to time, which would potentially benefit the portfolio in an environment of rising market interest rates, but would generally adversely impact the portfolio in an environment of falling or neutral market interest rates. The Adviser may also utilize certain strategies, including without limit investments in structured notes or futures contracts or swap, cap, floor or collar transactions, for the purpose of reducing the interest rate sensitivity of the Fund’s portfolio, although there is no assurance that it will do so or that such strategies will be successful.

Leverage

The Fund can utilize leverage through the use of a credit facility. The Fund has entered into a line of credit agreement with The Bank of New York Mellon which permits the Fund to borrow up to $[ ] million at a rate, per annum, equal to the Federal Funds Rate plus 1.00%. There is also an annual facility fee of $[ ] for the contract period. For the six-month period ended June 30, 2025, the Fund had outstanding approximately $[ ] under its Credit Facility, which represented approximately [ ]% of the Fund’s Managed Assets.

The Fund may also enter into transactions that may give rise to a form of leverage including, among others, futures and forward contracts (including foreign currency exchange contracts), credit default swaps, total return swaps and other derivative transactions, loans of portfolio securities, short sales and when-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions. Although it has no current intention to do so, the Fund may also determine to issue preferred shares or other types of senior securities to add leverage to its portfolio. The Fund intends to utilize reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, borrowings and other forms of leverage opportunistically and may choose to increase or decrease, or eliminate entirely, its use of leverage over time and from time to time, based on the Adviser’s assessment of the yield curve environment, interest rate trends, market conditions and other factors.

The 1940 Act generally prohibits the Fund from engaging in most forms of leverage (including the use of reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, bank loans, commercial paper or other credit facilities, credit default swaps, total return swaps and other derivative transactions, loans of portfolio securities, short sales and when-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions, to the extent that these instruments are not covered as described below) unless immediately after the issuance of the leverage the Fund has satisfied the asset coverage test with respect to senior securities representing indebtedness prescribed by the 1940 Act; that is, the value of the Fund’s total assets less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities (for these purposes, “total net assets”) is at least 300% of the senior securities representing indebtedness (effectively limiting the use of leverage through senior securities representing indebtedness to 33 1/3% of the Fund’s total net assets, including assets attributable to such leverage). In addition, the Fund is not permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its Common Stock unless, at the time of such declaration, this asset coverage test is satisfied. The Fund may (but is not required to) cover its commitments under reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, derivatives and certain other instruments by entering into offsetting transactions or owning positions covering its obligations. To the extent that certain of these instruments are so covered, they will not be considered “senior securities” under the 1940 Act and therefore will not be subject to the 1940 Act 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to forms of leverage used by the Fund. However, reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and other such instruments, even if covered, may represent a form of economic leverage and create special risks. The use of these forms of leverage increases the volatility of the Fund’s investment portfolio and could result in larger losses to Common Stockholders than if these strategies were not used. See “Risk Factors—Leverage Risk.” To the extent that the Fund engages in borrowings, it may prepay a portion of the principal amount of the borrowing to the extent necessary in order to maintain the required asset coverage. Failure to maintain certain asset coverage requirements could result in an event of default.

Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act regulates registered investment companies’ use of derivatives and certain related instruments. Compliance with this rule, among other things, requires funds that invest in derivative instruments beyond a specified limited amount to limit derivatives exposure through one of two value-at-risk tests, to adopt and implement a derivatives risk management program (including the appointment of a derivatives risk manager and the implementation of certain testing requirements), and meet certain reporting requirements in respect of derivatives. To the extent the Fund uses derivative instruments (excluding certain currency and interest rate hedging transactions) in a limited amount, it will not be subject to the full requirements of Rule 18f-4. Under Rule 18f-4, a closed-end fund that is not a limited user of derivatives, as defined under the rule, generally must comply with an outer limit on fund leverage risk based on value-at-risk, or “VaR.” This outer limit is based on a relative VaR test that compares a fund’s VaR to the VaR of a “designated reference portfolio” for that fund. A fund generally can use either an index that meets certain requirements or the fund’s own securities portfolio (excluding derivatives transactions) as its designated reference portfolio. If a fund’s derivatives risk manager reasonably determines that a designated reference portfolio would not provide an appropriate reference portfolio for purposes of the relative VaR test, the fund would be required to comply with an absolute VaR test. A closed-end fund’s VaR is not permitted to exceed 250% of the VaR of the fund’s designated reference portfolio under the relative VaR test or 25% of the fund’s net assets under the absolute VaR test.

In addition, under Rule 18f-4, unless the Fund qualifies as a limited user of derivatives, it needs to implement a written derivatives risk management program. The program must include risk guidelines as well as stress testing, backtesting, internal reporting and escalation, and program review elements. A derivatives risk manager approved by the Fund’s board of directors administers the program. The Fund’s derivatives risk manager has to report to the Fund’s Board on the derivatives risk management program’s implementation and effectiveness to facilitate the Board’s oversight of the Fund’s derivatives risk management. Rule 18f-4 also provides that a fund is permitted to engage in reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions so long as the fund meets the asset coverage requirements under Section 18 of the 1940 Act; that is, the value of the Fund’s total assets less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities (for these purposes, “total net assets”) is at least 300% of the senior securities representing indebtedness (effectively limiting the use of leverage through senior securities representing indebtedness to 33 1/3% of the Fund’s total net assets, including assets attributable to such leverage). Thus, if a fund also borrows from a bank or issues bonds, for example, these senior securities as well as the reverse repurchase agreement would be required to comply with the asset coverage requirements under the 1940 Act. This approach provides the same asset coverage requirements under Section 18 for reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions, bank borrowings, and other borrowings permitted under the 1940 Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund is also permitted to enter into these transactions by electing to treat all reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions as derivatives transactions under Rule 18f-4 and thus be subject to the VaR thresholds applicable to closed-end funds. This alternative approach permits the Fund to apply a consistent set of requirements to its derivatives transactions and any reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions. The Fund has been required to implement and comply with the Rule 18f-4 since the third quarter of 2022.

The use of these forms of leverage increases the volatility of the Fund’s investment portfolio and could result in larger losses to Common Stockholders than if these strategies were not used. See “Risk Factors—Leverage Risk.” To the extent that the Fund engages in borrowings, it may prepay a portion of the principal amount of the borrowing to the extent necessary in order to maintain the required asset coverage. Failure to maintain certain asset coverage requirements could result in an event of default.

Leverage creates risks for holders of the shares of Common Stock, including the likelihood of greater volatility in the NAV and market price of, and distributions on, the shares of Common Stock. There is a risk that fluctuations in the distribution rates on any outstanding preferred shares or notes may adversely affect the return to the holders of the shares of Common Stock. If the income from the investments purchased with such funds is not sufficient to cover the cost of leverage, the return on the Fund will be less than if leverage had not been used, and therefore the amount available for distribution to Common Stockholders will be reduced. The Fund in its reasonable judgment nevertheless may determine to maintain the Fund’s leveraged position if it deems such action to be appropriate in the circumstances.

Changes in the value of the Fund’s investment portfolio (including investments bought with the proceeds of leverage) will be borne entirely by the Fund and indirectly by the Fund’s Common Stockholders. If there is a net decrease (or increase) in the value of the Fund’s investment portfolio, the leverage will decrease (or increase) the NAV to a greater extent than if the Fund were not leveraged. The use of leverage by a Fund may magnify the Fund’s losses when there is a decrease in the value of the Fund investment and even totally eliminate the Fund’s equity in its portfolio or a Common Stockholder’s equity in the Fund. During periods in which the Fund is using leverage, the fees paid by the Fund for investment advisory services will be higher than if the Fund did not use leverage because the investment advisory fees paid will be calculated on the basis of the Fund’s Managed Assets which include proceeds from leverage. If preferred shares are used, holders of preferred shares will have rights to elect a minimum of two directors. This voting power may negatively affect Common Stockholders, and the interests of holders of preferred shares may otherwise differ from the interests of Common Stockholders. Any directors elected by preferred stockholders will represent both Common Stockholders as well as holders of preferred shares. Such directors may have a conflict of interest when the interests of Common Stockholders differ from those of holders of preferred shares.

Capital raised through leverage will be subject to distribution and/or interest payments, which may exceed the income and appreciation on the assets purchased. The issuance of preferred shares or notes involves expenses associated with the offer and other costs and may limit the Fund’s freedom to pay distributions on shares of Common Stock or to engage in other activities. All costs of offering and servicing any of the leverage methods the Fund may use will be borne entirely by the Fund’s stockholders. The interests of persons with whom the Fund enters into leverage arrangements (such as bank lenders, note holders and preferred stockholders) will not necessarily be aligned with the interests of the Fund’s Common Stockholders and such persons will have claims on the Fund’s assets that are senior to those of the Fund’s Common Stockholders. Leverage creates an opportunity for a greater return per share of Common Stock, but at the same time it is a speculative technique that will increase the Fund’s exposure to capital risk. Unless the income and appreciation, if any, on assets acquired with leverage exceeds the cost of such leverage, the use of leverage will diminish the investment performance of the Fund’s shares of Common Stock compared with what it would have been without leverage.

Any lender in connection with a credit facility may impose specific restrictions as a condition to borrowing. The credit facility fees may include, among other things, up front structuring fees and ongoing commitment fees (including fees on amounts undrawn on the facility) in addition to the traditional interest expense on amounts borrowed. The credit facility may involve a lien on the Fund’s assets. Similarly, to the extent the Fund issues preferred shares or notes, the Fund currently intends to seek a AAA or equivalent credit rating from one or more NRSROs on any preferred shares or notes it issues and the Fund may be subject to fees, covenants and investment restrictions required by the NRSRO as a result. Such covenants and restrictions imposed by a NRSRO or lender may include asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed on the Fund by the 1940 Act. It is not anticipated that these covenants or restrictions will significantly impede the Adviser in managing the Fund’s

portfolio in accordance with its investment objective and policies. Nonetheless, if these covenants or guidelines are more restrictive than those imposed by the 1940 Act, the Fund may not be able to utilize as much leverage as it otherwise could have, which could reduce the Fund’s investment returns. In addition, the Fund expects that any notes or a credit facility/commercial paper program would contain covenants that, among other things, will likely impose geographic exposure limitations, credit quality minimums, liquidity minimums, concentration limitations and currency hedging requirements on the Fund. These covenants would also likely limit the Fund’s ability to pay distributions in certain circumstances, incur additional debt, change fundamental investment policies and engage in certain transactions, including mergers and consolidations. Such restrictions could cause the Adviser to make different investment decisions than if there were no such restrictions and could limit the ability of the Board and Common Stockholders to change fundamental investment policies.

The Fund must distribute in each taxable year at least 90% of its net investment income (including net interest income and net short-term gain) to qualify for the special tax treatment available to RICs. The Fund also will be required to distribute annually substantially all of its income and capital gain, if any, plus any such amounts retained from a prior year, to avoid imposition of U.S. federal income tax or a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax on undistributed income. Prohibitions on dividends and other distributions on the Fund’s shares of Common Stock could impair the Fund’s ability to qualify as a RIC under the Code.

If the Fund is precluded from making distributions on the shares of Common Stock because of any applicable asset coverage requirements, the terms of the preferred shares (if any) may provide that any amounts so precluded from being distributed, but required to be distributed for the Fund to meet the distribution requirements for qualification as a RIC will be paid to the holders of the preferred shares as a special distribution. This distribution can be expected to decrease the amount that holders of preferred shares would be entitled to receive upon redemption or liquidation of the shares.

If the Fund failed to qualify as a RIC or failed to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement in any taxable year, the Fund would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates on its taxable income, including its net capital gain, even if such income were distributed to its stockholders, and all distributions out of earnings and profits would be taxed to stockholders as ordinary dividend income. Requalifying as a RIC could subject the Fund to significant tax costs. See “Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Matters — Taxation of the Fund” in the SAI.

The Fund’s willingness to utilize leverage, and the amount of leverage the Fund will assume, will depend on many factors, the most important of which are market conditions and interest rates. Successful use of a leveraging strategy may depend on the Fund’s ability to predict correctly interest rates and market movements, and there is no assurance that a leveraging strategy will be successful during any period in which it is employed. Any leveraging of the Common Stock cannot be achieved until the proceeds resulting from the use of leverage have been invested in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies.

The following table is designed to assist the investor in understanding the effects of leverage by illustrating the effect on the return to a holder of the Fund’s shares of Common Stock of leverage in the amount of approximately 33¹/₃% of the Fund’s Managed Assets (i.e., 50% of its net assets attributable to the Fund’s Common Stock), assuming hypothetical annual returns of the Fund’s portfolio of minus 10% to plus 10%. As the table shows, leverage generally increases the return to holders of Common Stock when portfolio return is positive and greater than the cost of leverage and decreases the return when the portfolio return is negative or less than the cost of leverage. The figures appearing in the table are hypothetical and actual returns may be greater or less than those appearing in the table.


Assumed portfolio return (net of expenses)	(10	)%	(5	)%	0	%	5	%	10	%
Corresponding share return	-13.33	%	-6.67	%	0.00	%	6.67	%	13.33	%

Total return is composed of two elements — the dividends paid by the Fund (the amount of which is largely determined by the net investment income of the Fund) and gains or losses on the value of the securities the Fund owns. As required by SEC rules, the table above assumes that the Fund is more likely to suffer capital losses than to enjoy capital appreciation. For example, to assume a total return of 0% the Fund must assume that the interest it receives on its investments is entirely offset by losses in the value of those investments.

Portfolio Composition

Mortgage-Backed and Other Asset-Backed Securities. The Fund may invest in mortgage pass-through securities, which represent interests in pools of mortgages. Payments of both principal and interest on the securities are generally made monthly, in effect “passing through” monthly payments made by borrowers on the residential or commercial mortgage loans that underlie the securities (net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of the securities). Mortgage pass-through securities differ from other forms of debt securities, which normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or

specified call dates. The Fund may also invest in collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”). CMOs are debt obligations collateralized by residential or commercial mortgage loans or residential or commercial mortgage pass-through securities. Interest and principal are generally paid monthly. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans or private mortgage pass-through securities but are more typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) or Federal National Mortgage Corporation (Fannie Mae). The issuer of a series of CMOs may elect to be treated for tax purposes as a Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduit. CMOs are structured into multiple classes, each bearing a different stated maturity. Monthly payment of principal received from the pool of underlying mortgages, including prepayments, is first returned to investors holding the shortest maturity class. Investors holding the longer maturity classes usually receive principal only after shorter classes have been retired. An investor may be partially protected against a sooner than desired return of principal because of the sequential payments. The Fund may invest in stripped MBS. Stripped MBS are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. In certain cases, one class will receive all of the interest (the interest only or “IO” class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or “PO” class). The yield to maturity on IOs is sensitive to the rate of principal prepayments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and principal payments may have a material effect on yield to maturity. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Fund may not fully recoup its initial investment in IOs.

Collateralized Mortgage Obligations. A CMO is a debt obligation of a legal entity that is collateralized by mortgages and divided into classes. Similar to a bond, interest and prepaid principal is paid, in most cases, on a monthly basis. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans or private mortgage bonds, but are generally collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by GNMA, FHLMC or FNMA and their income streams. CMOs are structured into multiple classes, often referred to as “tranches,” with each class bearing a different stated maturity and entitled to a different schedule for payments of principal and interest, including prepayments. The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche which bears the bulk of defaults and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances. Actual maturity and average life will depend upon the pre-payment experience of the collateral. In the case of certain CMOs (known as “sequential pay” CMOs), payments of principal received from the pool of underlying mortgages, including prepayments, are applied to the classes of CMOs in the order of their respective final distribution dates. Thus, no payment of principal will be made to any class of sequential pay CMOs until all other classes having an earlier final distribution date have been paid in full. CMOs may be less liquid and may exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or asset-backed securities.

Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities. CMBSs include securities that reflect an interest in, and are secured by, mortgage loans on commercial real property. Many of the risks of investing in commercial mortgage-backed securities reflect the risks of investing in the real estate securing the underlying mortgage loans. These risks reflect the effects of local and other economic conditions on real estate markets, the ability of tenants to make loan payments and the ability of a property to attract and retain tenants. Commercial mortgage-backed securities may be less liquid and exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or asset-backed securities.

CMO Residuals. CMO residuals are mortgage securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing. The cash flow generated by the mortgage assets underlying a series of a CMO is applied first to make required payments of principal and interest on the CMO and second to pay the related administrative expenses and any management fee of the issuer. The residual in a CMO structure generally represents the interest in any excess cash flow remaining after making the foregoing payments. Each payment of such excess cash flow to a holder of the related CMO residual represents income and/or a return of capital. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on, among other things, the characteristics of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of CMO, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses and the prepayment experience on the mortgage assets. In particular, the yield to maturity on CMO residuals is extremely sensitive to prepayments on the related underlying mortgage assets, in the same manner as an interest-only (or IO) class of stripped mortgage-backed securities (described below). In addition, if a series of a CMO includes a class that bears interest at an adjustable rate, the yield to maturity on the related CMO residual will also be extremely sensitive to changes in the level of the index upon which interest rate adjustments are based. As described below with respect to stripped mortgage-backed securities, in certain circumstances the Fund may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in a CMO residual. CMO residuals are generally purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers. CMO residuals may, or pursuant to an exemption therefrom, may not, have been registered under the 1933 Act. CMO residuals, whether or not registered under the 1933 Act, may be subject to certain restrictions on transferability.

Adjustable Rate Mortgage-Backed Securities. ARMs have interest rates that reset at periodic intervals. Acquiring ARMs permits the Fund to participate in increases in prevailing current interest rates through periodic adjustments in the coupons of mortgages underlying the pool on which ARMs are based. Such ARMs generally have higher current yield and lower price fluctuations than is the case with more traditional fixed income debt securities of comparable rating and maturity. In addition, when prepayments of principal are made on the underlying mortgages during periods of rising interest rates, the Fund can reinvest the proceeds of such prepayments at rates higher than those at which they were previously invested. Mortgages underlying most ARMs, however, have limits on the allowable annual or lifetime increases that can be made in the interest rate that the mortgagor pays. Therefore, if current interest rates rise above such limits over the period of the limitation, the Fund, when holding an ARM, does not benefit from further increases in interest rates. Moreover, when interest rates are in excess of coupon rates (i.e., the rates being paid by mortgagors) of the mortgages, ARMs behave more like fixed income securities and less like adjustable-rate securities and are subject to the risks associated with fixed income securities. In addition, during periods of rising interest rates, increases in the coupon rate of adjustable-rate mortgages generally lag current market interest rates slightly, thereby creating the potential for capital depreciation on such securities.

Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities. SMBSs are derivative multi-class mortgage securities. SMBSs may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing. SMBSs are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the IO class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or PO class). The yield to maturity on an IO class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s yield to maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Fund may fail to recoup some or all of its initial investment in these securities even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories.

Asset-Backed Securities. Asset-backed securities (“ABS”) are bonds backed by pools of loans or other receivables. ABS are created from many types of assets, including auto loans, credit card receivables, home equity loans and student loans. ABS are typically issued through special purpose vehicles that are bankruptcy remote from the issuer of the collateral. The credit quality of an ABS transaction depends on the performance of the underlying assets. To protect ABS investors from the possibility that some borrowers could miss payments or even default on their loans, ABS include various forms of credit enhancement. Some ABS, particularly home equity loan ABS, are subject to interest rate risk and prepayment risk. A change in interest can affect the pace of payments on the underlying loans, which in turn affects total return on the securities. ABS also carry credit or default risk. If many borrowers on the underlying loans default, losses could exceed the credit enhancement level and result in losses to investors in an ABS. In addition, ABS have structural risk due to a unique characteristic known as early amortization, or early payout, risk. Built into the structure of most ABS are triggers for early payout, designed to protect investors from losses. These triggers are unique to each transaction and can include a big rise in defaults on the underlying loans, a sharp drop in the credit enhancement level or even the bankruptcy of the originator. Once early amortization begins, all incoming loan payments (after expenses are paid) are used to pay investors as quickly as possible based upon a predetermined priority of payment. The Fund may invest in any tranche, including the equity tranche, of an ABS.

The Fund may invest in other types of asset-backed securities that are offered in the marketplace, including Enhanced Equipment Trust Certificates (“EETCs”). EETCs are typically issued by specially-created trusts established by airlines, railroads, or other transportation corporations. The proceeds of EETCs are used to purchase equipment, such as airplanes, railroad cars, or other equipment, which in turn serve as collateral for the related issue of the EETCs. The equipment generally is leased by the airline, railroad or other corporation, which makes rental payments to provide the projected cash flow for payments to EETC holders. Holders of EETCs must look to the collateral securing the certificates, typically together with a guarantee provided by the lessee corporation or its parent company for the payment of lease obligations, in the case of default in the payment of principal and interest on the EETCs.

Collateralized Debt Obligations. CDOs are debt instruments backed solely by a pool of other debt securities. CDOs include CBOs, CLOs and other similarly structured securities. CBOs and CLOs are types of asset-backed securities. A CBO is a trust typically collateralized by a diversified pool of high-risk, below investment grade fixed income securities. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, and may include loans that are rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. Other CDOs are trusts backed by other types of assets representing obligations of various parties. CDOs may charge management fees and administrative expenses.

Convertible Securities and Synthetic Convertible Securities. Convertible securities (i.e., debt securities that may be converted at either a stated price or stated rate into underlying shares of common stock) have general characteristics similar to both debt securities and equity securities. Although to a lesser extent than with debt obligations, the market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, tends to increase as interest rates decline. In addition, because of the conversion feature, the market value of convertible securities tends to vary with fluctuations in the market value of the underlying common stocks and, therefore, also will react to variations in the general market for equity securities.

Convertible securities are investments that provide for a stable stream of income with generally higher yields than common stocks. There can be no assurance of current income because the issuers of the convertible securities may default on their obligations. Convertible securities, however, generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible debt securities of similar credit quality because of the potential for equity-related capital appreciation. A convertible security, in addition to providing current income, offers the potential for capital appreciation through the conversion feature, which enables the holder to benefit from increases in the market price of the underlying common stock.

The Fund may invest in synthetic convertible securities, which are created through a combination of separate securities that possess the two principal characteristics of a traditional convertible security, that is, an income-producing component and the right to acquire a convertible component. The income-producing component is achieved by investing in non-convertible, income-producing securities such as bonds, preferred securities and money market instruments. The convertible component is achieved by purchasing warrants or options to buy common stock at a certain exercise price, or options on a stock index. The Fund may also purchase synthetic securities created by other parties, typically investment banks, including convertible structured notes. The income-producing and convertible components of a synthetic convertible security may be issued separately by different issuers and at different times. The values of synthetic convertible securities will respond differently to market fluctuations than a traditional convertible security because a synthetic convertible is composed of two or more separate securities or instruments, each with its own market value. Synthetic convertible securities are also subject to the risks associated with derivatives. See “Risks Factors—Derivatives Risk.” In addition, if the value of the underlying common stock or the level of the index involved in the convertible element falls below the strike price of the warrant or option, the warrant or option may lose all value.

Contingent Convertible Securities. Contingent convertible securities (“CoCos”) are a form of hybrid debt security issued primarily by non-U.S. issuers, which have loss absorption mechanisms built into their terms. CoCos have no stated maturity, have fully discretionary coupons and are typically issued in the form of subordinated debt instruments. CoCos generally either convert into equity of the issuer or have their principal written down upon the occurrence of certain triggering events (“triggers”) linked to regulatory capital thresholds or regulatory actions relating to the issuer’s continued viability. In certain scenarios, investors in CoCos may suffer a loss of capital ahead of equity holders or when equity holders do not. There is no guarantee that the Fund will receive a return of principal on CoCos. Any indication that an automatic write-down or conversion event may occur can be expected to have an adverse effect on the market price of CoCos. CoCos are often rated below investment grade and are subject to the risks of high yield securities.

Because CoCos are issued primarily by financial institutions, CoCos may present substantially increased risks at times of financial turmoil, which could affect financial institutions more than companies in other sectors and industries. Further, the value of an investment in CoCos is unpredictable and will be influenced by many factors and risks, including interest rate risk, credit risk, market risk and liquidity risk. An investment by the Fund in CoCos may result in losses to the Fund.

Some additional risks associated with CoCos include, but are not limited to:

•

Loss absorption risk. CoCos may be subject to an automatic write-down (i.e., the automatic write-down of the principal amount or value of the securities, potentially to zero, and the cancellation of the securities) under certain circumstances, which could result in the Fund losing a portion or all of its investment in such securities. In addition, the Fund may not have any rights with respect to repayment of the principal amount of the securities that has not become due or the payment of interest or dividends on such securities for any period from (and including) the interest or dividend payment date falling immediately prior to the occurrence of such automatic write-down. An automatic write-down could also result in a reduced income rate if the dividend or interest payment is based on the security’s par value. In addition, CoCos have fully discretionary coupons. This means coupons can potentially be cancelled at the issuer’s discretion or at the request of the relevant regulatory authority in order to help the issuer absorb losses and may be suspended in the event there are insufficient distributable reserves.

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Subordinated instruments. CoCos will, in the majority of circumstances, be issued in the form of subordinated debt instruments in order to provide the appropriate regulatory capital treatment prior to a conversion. Accordingly, in the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of an issuer prior to a conversion having occurred, the rights and claims of the holders of the CoCos, such as the Fund, against the issuer in respect of or arising under the terms of the CoCos shall generally rank junior to the claims of all holders of unsubordinated obligations of the issuer. In addition, if the CoCos are converted into the issuer’s underlying equity securities following a conversion event (i.e., a “trigger”), each holder will be subordinated due to their conversion from being the holder of a debt instrument to being the holder of an equity instrument.

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Market value will fluctuate based on unpredictable factors. The trading behavior of a given issuer’s CoCos may be strongly impacted by the trading behavior of other issuers’ CoCos, such that negative information from an unrelated CoCo may cause a decline in value of one or more CoCos held by the Fund. Accordingly, the trading behavior of CoCos may not follow the trading behavior of other similarly structured securities. The value of CoCos is unpredictable and could be influenced by many factors including, without limitation: (i) the creditworthiness of the issuer and/or fluctuations in such issuer’s applicable capital ratios; (ii) supply and demand for the CoCos; (iii) general market conditions and available liquidity; and (iv) economic, financial and political events that affect the issuer, its particular market or the financial markets in general.

Investment Grade Corporate Bonds. The Fund may invest in debt instruments that are rated investment grade (Baa3 and above by Moody’s or BBB- and above by either S&P or Fitch). The Fund could lose money if the issuer or guarantor of a fixed income security (including a security purchased with securities lending collateral), or the counterparty to a derivatives contract, repurchase agreement or a loan of portfolio securities, is unable or unwilling, or is perceived (whether by market participants, rating agencies, pricing services or otherwise) as unable or unwilling, to make timely principal and/or interest payments, or to otherwise fulfill its obligations. The downgrade of the credit of a security held by the Fund may decrease its value. Securities are subject to varying degrees of credit risk, which are often reflected in credit ratings. Measures such as average credit quality may not accurately reflect the true credit risk of the Fund. This is especially the case if the Fund consists of securities with widely varying credit ratings. Credit risk is greater to the extent the Fund uses leverage or derivatives in connection with the management of the Fund.

High Yield Securities. The Fund may invest in debt instruments that are rated below investment grade (below Baa3 by Moody’s or below BBB- by either S&P or Fitch) or unrated but determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. The Fund may invest in debt securities of stressed and distressed issuers, including securities that are in default. Below investment grade securities are commonly referred to as “high yield” securities or “junk bonds.” High yield securities involve a greater degree of risk (in particular, a greater risk of default) than, and special risks in addition to the risks associated with, investment grade debt obligations. While offering a greater potential opportunity for capital appreciation and higher yields, high yield securities typically entail greater potential price volatility and may be less liquid than higher-rated securities. High yield securities may be regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s continuing ability to make timely principal and interest payments. They also may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than higher-rated securities. Debt securities in the lowest investment grade category also may be considered to possess some speculative characteristics by certain ratings agencies.

The market values of high yield securities tend to reflect individual developments of the issuer to a greater extent than do higher-quality securities, which tend to react mainly to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates. In addition, lower-quality debt securities tend to be more sensitive to general economic conditions. Certain emerging market governments that issue high yield securities in which the Fund may invest are among the largest debtors to commercial banks, foreign governments and supranational organizations, such as the World Bank, and may not be able or willing to make principal and/or interest payments as they come due.

Developed and Emerging Market Debt. The Fund may invest in foreign securities that may experience more rapid and extreme changes in value than the Fund that invests exclusively in securities of U.S. companies. The securities markets of many foreign countries are relatively small, with a limited number of companies representing a small number of industries. Additionally, issuers of foreign securities are usually not subject to the same degree of regulation as U.S. issuers. Global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, and conditions and events in one country, region or financial market may adversely impact issuers in a different country, region or financial market. Also, nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, currency blockage, political changes or diplomatic developments could adversely affect the Fund’s investments in a foreign country. In the event of nationalization, expropriation or other confiscation, the Fund could lose its entire investment in foreign securities. To the extent that the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in a specific geographic region, the Fund will generally have more exposure to regional economic risks associated with foreign investments. Foreign securities may also be less liquid and more difficult to value than securities of U.S. issuers.

Repurchase Agreements. The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements under the terms of a Master Repurchase Agreement (“MRA”). In a repurchase agreement transaction, the Fund will purchase a security from a counterparty who agrees to repurchase the same security at a mutually agreed upon date and price. The MRA permits the Fund, under certain circumstances, including an event of default (such as bankruptcy or insolvency), to offset payables and/or receivables under the MRA with collateral held and/or posted to the counterparty and create one single net payment due to or from the Fund. However, bankruptcy or insolvency laws of a particular jurisdiction may impose restrictions on or prohibitions against such a right of offset in the event of the MRA counterparty’s bankruptcy or insolvency. Pursuant to the terms of the MRA, the Fund receives securities as collateral with a market value in excess of the repurchase price. Upon a bankruptcy or insolvency of the MRA counterparty, the Fund recognizes a liability with respect to such excess collateral to reflect the Fund’s obligation under bankruptcy law to return the excess to the counterparty.

Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Dollar Rolls. The Fund may use, among other things, reverse repurchase agreements and/or dollar rolls to add leverage to its portfolio. Under a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund sells securities to a bank or broker dealer and agrees to repurchase the securities at a mutually agreed future date and price. A dollar roll is similar to a reverse repurchase agreement except that the counterparty with which the Fund enters into a dollar roll transaction is not obligated to return the same securities as those originally sold by the Fund, but only securities that are “substantially identical.” Generally, the effect of a reverse repurchase agreement or dollar roll transaction is that the Fund can recover and reinvest all or most of the cash

invested in the portfolio securities involved during the term of the agreement and still be entitled to the returns associated with those portfolio securities, thereby resulting in a transaction similar to a borrowing and giving rise to leverage for the Fund. The Fund will incur interest expense as a cost of utilizing reverse repurchase agreements and dollar rolls. In the event the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement or dollar roll files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, the Fund’s use of the proceeds of the agreement may be restricted pending a determination by the other party, or its trustee or receiver, whether to enforce the Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities.

When-Issued, Delayed-Delivery, and Forward Commitment Transactions. The Fund may enter into when issued, delayed-delivery or forward commitment transactions in order to lock in the purchase price of the underlying security or to adjust the interest rate exposure of the Fund’s existing portfolio. In when-issued, delayed-delivery, or forward commitment transactions, the Fund commits to purchase particular securities, with payment and delivery to take place at a future date. Although the Fund does not pay for the securities or start earning interest on them until they are delivered, it immediately assumes the risks of ownership, including the risk of price fluctuation. If the Fund’s counterparty fails to deliver a security purchased on a when issued, delayed-delivery or forward commitment basis, there may be a loss, and the Fund may have missed an opportunity to make an alternative investment.

Prior to settlement of these transactions, the value of the subject securities will fluctuate. In addition, because the Fund is not required to pay for when-issued, delayed-delivery or forward commitment securities until the delivery date, they may result in a form of leverage. To guard against this deemed leverage, the Fund monitors the obligations under these transactions and ensures that the Fund has sufficient liquid assets to cover them.

Securities Lending. The Fund may lend its securities to qualified brokers. The loans must be collateralized at all times primarily with cash although the Fund can accept money market instruments or U.S. Government Securities with a market value at least equal to the market value of the securities on loan. As with any extensions of credit, the Fund may bear the risk of delay in recovery or even loss of rights in the collateral if the borrowers of the securities fail financially. The Fund earns additional income for lending its securities by investing the cash collateral in short-term investments. The SEC has adopted a rule that will require reporting and public disclosure of securities loan transaction information (not including party names); this may include, but is not limited to, information about securities loans entered into in connection with short sales. Compliance with the new rule is currently expected to be required beginning in early 2026.

Derivatives. The Fund may, but is not required to, utilize various derivative strategies (both long and short positions) for investment purposes, leveraging purposes, or in an attempt to hedge against market, credit, interest rate, currency and other risks in the portfolio. The Fund may use various derivatives transactions to add leverage to its portfolio. Generally, derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index, and may relate to, among others, individual debt instruments, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, commodities and related indexes. Examples of derivative instruments that the Fund may use include, without limit, futures and forward contracts (including foreign currency exchange contracts), call and put options (including options on futures contracts), credit default swaps, total return swaps, basis swaps and other swap agreements. The Fund’s use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investment directly in securities and other more traditional investments. See “Risk Factors—Derivatives Risk.” There is no assurance that these derivative strategies will be available at any time or that the Adviser will determine to use them for the Fund or, if used, that the strategies will be successful. In addition, the Fund may be subject to certain restrictions on its use of derivative strategies imposed by guidelines of one or more rating agencies that may issue ratings for any preferred shares issued by the Fund.

Forward Foreign Currency Contracts. The Fund enters into forward foreign currency contracts as a hedge against fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. Forward foreign currency contracts are marked to market daily and the change in market value is recorded by the Fund as unrealized gains or losses in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities. When a contract is closed or delivery is taken, the Fund records a realized gain or loss equal to the difference between the value of the contract at the time it was opened and the value at the time it was closed. Risks arise upon entering into these contracts from the potential inability of counterparties to meet the terms of their contracts and from unanticipated movements in the value of the foreign currency relative to the U.S. dollar.

Futures Contracts. The Fund seeks to manage a variety of different risks or obtain exposure through the use of futures contracts. The Fund may use index futures to hedge against broad market risks to its portfolio or to gain broad market exposure when it holds uninvested cash or as an inexpensive substitute for cash investments directly in securities or other assets. Securities index futures contracts are contracts to buy or sell units of a securities index at a specified future date at a price agreed upon when the contract is made and are settled in cash. Positions in futures may be closed out only on an exchange or board of trade which provides a secondary market for such futures. Because futures contracts are exchange-traded, they typically have less exposure to counterparty risk relative to bilateral over-the-counter derivative contracts. Parties to a futures contract are not required to post the entire notional

amount of the contract, but rather a small percentage of that amount (by way of margin), both at the time they enter into futures transactions, and then on a daily basis if their positions decline in value; as a result, futures contracts are highly leveraged. Such payments are known as variation margin and are recorded by the Fund as unrealized gains or losses. Because futures markets are highly leveraged, they can be extremely volatile, and there can be no assurance that the pricing of a futures contract will correlate precisely with the pricing of the asset or index underlying it or the asset or liability of the Fund that is the subject of the hedge. It may not always be possible for the Fund to enter into a closing transaction with respect to a futures contract it has entered into at a favorable time or price. When the Fund enters into a futures transaction, it is subject to the risk that the value of the futures contract will move in a direction unfavorable to it.

When the Fund uses futures contracts for hedging purposes, it is likely that the Fund will have an asset or liability that will offset any loss (or gain) on the transactions, at least in part. When a futures contract is closed, the Fund records a realized gain or loss equal to the difference between the value of the contract at the time it was opened and the value at the time it was closed. The Fund also utilizes treasury futures to help manage interest rate duration and credit market exposure.

Swap Agreements. The Fund may enter into swap agreements. Swap agreements are typically two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors. In a standard “swap” transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments, which may be adjusted for an interest factor. The gross returns to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties are generally calculated with respect to a “notional amount” (i.e., the return on or increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate or in a “basket” of securities representing a particular index).

Interest rate swaps are agreements in which one party pays a floating rate of interest on a notional principal amount and receives a fixed rate of interest on the same notional principal amount for a specified period of time. Alternatively, a party may pay a fixed rate and receive a floating rate. In more complex swaps, the notional principal amount may decline (or amortize) over time. The Fund’s maximum risk of loss due to counterparty default is generally the discounted NAV of the cash flows paid to/received from the counterparty over the interest rate swap’s remaining life.

During the term of a swap transaction, changes in the value of the swap are recognized as unrealized gains or losses by marking to market to reflect the market value of the swap. When the swap is terminated, the Fund will record a realized gain or loss equal to the difference, if any, between the proceeds from (or cost of) the closing transaction and the Fund’s basis in the agreement. Upfront swap premium payments paid or received by the Fund, if any, are recorded within the value of the open swap agreement on the Fund’s statement of assets and liabilities and represent payments paid or received upon entering into the swap agreement to compensate for differences between stated terms of the swap agreement and prevailing market conditions (credit spreads, currency exchange rates, and other relevant factors). These upfront payments are recorded as realized gain or loss on the Fund’s statement of operations upon termination or maturity of the swap agreement.

During the term of a swap transaction, the periodic net payments can be made for a set period of time or may be triggered by a predetermined credit event. The net periodic payments may be based on a fixed or variable interest rate, the change in market value of a specified security, basket of securities or index, or the return generated by a security. These periodic payments received or made by the Fund are recorded as realized gains and losses, respectively.

Securities of other investment companies. The Fund may invest in shares of other pooled investment vehicles (including those advised by the Adviser or its affiliates), including mutual funds, money market funds, closed-end funds, BDCs, ETFs, and other Underlying Funds to the extent that such investments are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective, strategies and policies. The Fund may obtain exposure to private credit indirectly by investing in pooled investment vehicles, including vehicles managed by the Adviser. The Fund may also invest in Underlying Funds to gain exposure to particular asset classes, to gain broad market or sector exposure, including during periods when it has large amounts of uninvested cash or when the Adviser believes share prices of other investment companies offer attractive values. As a stockholder in an Underlying Fund, the Fund will bear its ratable share of that Underlying Fund’s expenses, and will remain subject to payment of the Fund’s investment advisory and other fees and expenses with respect to assets so invested (except that the Adviser has agreed to waive its advisory fees from the Fund in an amount equal to any advisory fees it or its affiliates receive from the Fund’s investments in an affiliated Underlying Fund). Common Stockholders will therefore be subject to duplicative expenses to the extent that the Fund invests in other investment companies. Expenses will be taken into account when evaluating the merits of such investments. In addition, the securities of other investment companies may also be leveraged and will therefore be subject to certain leverage risks. The NAV and market value of leveraged securities will be more volatile and the yield to stockholders will tend to fluctuate more than the yield generated by unleveraged securities. Investment companies may have investment policies that differ from those of the Fund.

Common Stocks and Other Equity Securities. The Fund may own and hold common stocks of operating companies in its portfolio from time to time in connection with a corporate action, or the restructuring of a debt instrument or through the conversion of a convertible security held by the Fund. For instance, in connection with the restructuring of a debt instrument, either outside of

bankruptcy court or in the context of bankruptcy court proceedings, the Fund may determine or be required to accept common stocks or other equity securities in exchange for all or a portion of the debt instrument. Depending upon, among other things, the Adviser’s evaluation of the potential value of such securities in relation to the price that could be obtained by the Fund at any given time upon sale thereof, the Fund may determine to hold these equity securities in its portfolio.

Although common stocks and other equity securities have historically generated higher average returns than debt securities over the long term, they also have experienced significantly more volatility in those returns and in certain years have significantly underperformed relative to debt securities. An adverse event, such as an unfavorable earnings report, may depress the value of a particular equity security held by the Fund. Also, prices of common stocks and other equity securities are sensitive to general movements in the equity markets and a decline in those markets may depress the prices of the equity securities held by the Fund. The prices of equity securities fluctuate for many different reasons, including changes in investors’ perceptions of the financial condition of an issuer or the general condition of the relevant stock market or when political or economic events affecting the issuer occur. In addition, prices of equity securities may be particularly sensitive to rising interest rates, as the cost of capital rises and borrowing costs increase.

Short Sales. A short sale is a transaction in which the Fund sells a security or other instrument that it does not own in anticipation that the market price will decline. The Fund may use short sales for investment purposes or for hedging and risk management purposes. The Fund may also take short positions with respect to the performance of securities, indexes, interest rates, currencies and other assets or markets through the use of derivative or forward instruments. When the Fund engages in a short sale of a security, it must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the counterparty. The Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and would often be obligated to pay over any payments received on such borrowed securities. The Fund’s obligation to replace the borrowed security will be secured by collateral deposited with the Fund’s custodian in the name of the lender. The Fund may not receive any payments (including interest) on its collateral. Short sales expose the Fund to the risk that it will be required to cover its short position at a time when the securities have appreciated in value, thus resulting in a loss to the Fund. The Fund may engage in so-called “naked” short sales when it does not own or have the immediate right to acquire the security sold short at no additional cost, in which case the Fund’s losses theoretically could be unlimited. If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time that the Fund replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. The successful use of short selling may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and securities being hedged if the short sale is being used for hedging purposes. See “Risk Factors—Leverage Risk.”

The Fund may engage in short selling to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act and other federal securities laws. The SEC and certain other global regulators in jurisdictions in which the Fund may trade have in the past adopted (and may in the future adopt) rules requiring reporting of all short positions above a certain de minimis threshold. If the Fund’s short positions or its strategy become generally known, it could have a significant effect on the Adviser’s ability to implement its investment strategies. Short sales are also subject to certain SEC regulations and certain European Union and United Kingdom regulations (under which there are restrictions on net short sales in certain securities). In response to market events, the SEC and regulatory authorities in other jurisdictions may adopt (and in certain cases, have adopted) bans or other restrictions on short sales of certain securities or on derivatives and other hedging instruments used to achieve a similar economic effect. Such bans and restrictions may make it impossible or more difficult for the Fund to execute certain investment strategies.

Private placements and restricted securities. The Fund may invest in securities which are subject to restrictions on resale because they have not been registered under the Securities Act. These securities are generally referred to as private placements or restricted securities. Limitations on the resale of these securities may have an adverse effect on their marketability, and may prevent the Fund from disposing of them promptly at reasonable prices. The Fund may have to bear the expense of registering the securities for resale and the risk of substantial delays in effecting the registration.

The Fund has no liquidity limitation or restriction; thus, some or all of the Fund’s investments may be in illiquid securities. At times, private placements or restricted securities, as well as other securities in which the Fund may invest, may be deemed illiquid. Investments in illiquid securities tend to restrict the Fund’s ability to dispose of instruments in a timely fashion and restrict the Fund’s ability to take advantage of market opportunities.

Commercial Paper. Commercial paper represents short-term unsecured promissory notes issued in bearer form by corporations such as banks or bank holding companies and finance companies. The rate of return on commercial paper may be linked or indexed to the level of exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency or currencies.

U.S. Government Securities. U.S. Government Securities are obligations of and, in certain cases, guaranteed by, the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities. The U.S. Government does not guarantee the net asset value of the Fund’s shares. Some U.S. Government Securities, such as Treasury bills, notes and bonds, and securities guaranteed by GNMA, are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; others, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “U.S. Treasury”); others, such as those of FNMA, are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency’s obligations; and still others, such as those of the Student Loan Marketing Association, are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. U.S. Government Securities may include zero coupon securities, which do not distribute interest on a current basis and tend to be subject to greater risk than interest-paying securities of similar maturities.

Temporary Defensive Positions

During temporary defensive periods or in order to keep the Fund’s cash fully invested, including during the period when the net proceeds of the offer are being invested, the Fund may deviate from its investment objective and principal investment strategy. During such periods, the Fund may invest all or a portion of its Managed Assets in certain short-term (less than one year to maturity) and medium-term (not greater than five years to maturity) debt securities or hold cash. The short-term and medium-term debt securities in which the Fund may invest consist of: (i) obligations of the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities; (ii) bank deposits and bank obligations (including certificates of deposit, time deposits and bankers’ acceptances) of U.S. or foreign banks denominated in any currency; (iii) floating rate securities and other instruments denominated in any currency issued by various governments or international development agencies; (iv) finance company and corporate commercial paper and other short-term corporate debt obligations of U.S. or foreign corporations; (v) repurchase agreements with banks and broker-dealers with respect to such securities; and (vi) shares of money market funds.

RISK FACTORS

Investing in the Fund’s securities involves risk, including the risk that you may receive little or no return on your investment or that you may lose part or all of your investment. The net asset value and the market price of the Common Stock will fluctuate with and be affected by, among other things, various Risk Factors and its investments which are summarized below.

Market Discount Risk

As with any stock, the price of the Fund’s Common Stock will fluctuate with market conditions and other factors. If you sell your Common Stock, the price received may be more or less than your original investment. The shares of Common Stock are designed for long-term investors and should not be treated as a trading vehicle. Shares of closed-end management investment companies frequently trade at a discount from their net asset value.

Market Risk

The success of the Fund’s activities will be affected by general economic and market conditions, such as interest rates, availability of credit, credit defaults, inflation rates, economic uncertainty, changes in laws (including laws relating to taxation of the Fund’s investments), trade barriers, currency exchange controls, disease outbreaks, pandemics, and national and international political, environmental and socioeconomic circumstances (including wars, terrorist acts or security operations). In addition, the current U.S. political environment and the resulting uncertainties regarding actual and potential shifts in U.S. foreign investment, trade, taxation, economic, environmental and other policies under the current Administration, as well as the impact of geopolitical tension, such as a deterioration in the bilateral relationship between the U.S. and China, an escalation in conflict between Russia and Ukraine or other systemic issuer or industry-specific economic disruptions, could lead to disruption, instability and volatility in the global markets. Unfavorable economic conditions also would be expected to increase the Fund’s funding costs, limit its access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to the Fund.

Economic sanctions may be, and have been, imposed against certain countries, organizations, companies, entities and/or individuals. Economic sanctions and other similar governmental actions or developments could, among other things, effectively restrict or eliminate the Fund’s ability to purchase or sell certain foreign securities or groups of foreign securities, and thus may make the Fund’s investments in such securities less liquid or more difficult to value. Such sanctions may also cause a decline in the value of securities issued by the sanctioned country or companies located in or economically tied to the sanctioned country. In addition, as a result of economic sanctions and other similar governmental actions or developments, the Fund may be forced to sell or otherwise dispose of foreign investments at inopportune times or prices.

Current and historic market turmoil has illustrated that market environments may, at any time, be characterized by uncertainty, volatility and instability. Serious economic disruptions may result in governmental authorities and regulators enacting significant fiscal and monetary policy changes, including by providing direct capital infusions into companies, introducing new monetary programs and considerably increasing or lowering interest rates, which, in some cases resulted in negative interest rates.

As global systems, economies and financial markets are increasingly interconnected, events that once had only local impact are now more likely to have regional or even global effects. Events that occur in one country, region or financial market will, more frequently, adversely impact issuers in other countries, regions or markets. These impacts can be exacerbated by failures of governments and societies to adequately respond to an emerging event or threat. These types of events quickly and significantly impact markets in the U.S. and across the globe leading to extreme market volatility and disruption. The extent and nature of the impact on supply chains or economies and markets from these events is unknown, particularly if a health emergency or other similar event, such as the recent COVID-19 outbreak, persists for an extended period of time. The value of the Fund’s investment may decrease as a result of such events, particularly if these events adversely impact the operations and effectiveness of the Adviser or key service providers or if these events disrupt systems and processes necessary or beneficial to the investment advisory or other activities on behalf the Fund.

The Fund’s investment strategy and the availability of opportunities satisfying the Fund’s risk-adjusted return parameters relies in part on observable trends and conditions in the financial markets and in some cases the improvement of such conditions. Trends and historical events do not imply, forecast or predict future events and, in any event, past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. There can be no assurance that the assumptions made or the beliefs and expectations currently held by the Adviser will prove correct and actual events and circumstances may vary significantly.

Many of the issuers in which the Fund will make investments may be susceptible to economic slowdowns or recessions and may be unable to repay the loans made to them during these periods. Therefore, non-performing assets may increase and the value of the Fund’s portfolio may decrease during these periods as the Fund is required to record the investments at their current fair value. Adverse economic conditions also may decrease the value of collateral securing some of the Fund’s loans and the value of its equity investments. Economic slowdowns or recessions could lead to financial losses in the Fund’s portfolio and a decrease in revenues, net income and assets. Unfavorable economic conditions also could increase the Fund’s and the issuers’ funding costs, limit the Fund’s and the issuers’ access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to the Fund or the issuers. These events could prevent the Fund from increasing investments and harm its operating results.

An issuer’s failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by the Fund or other lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, acceleration of the time when the loans are due and foreclosure on its secured assets, which could trigger cross- defaults under other agreements and jeopardize the issuer’s ability to meet its obligations under the debt that the Fund holds. The Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms with a defaulting issuer. In addition, if one of the issuers were to go bankrupt, depending on the facts and circumstances, including the extent to which the Fund will actually provide significant managerial assistance to that issuer, a bankruptcy court might subordinate all or a portion of the Fund’s claim to that of other creditors.

The prices of financial instruments in which the Fund may invest can be highly volatile. General fluctuations in the market prices of securities may affect the value of the investments held by the Fund. Instability in the securities markets may also increase the risks inherent in the Fund’s investments.

Asset Allocation Risk

The Fund’s investment performance depends upon how its assets are allocated and reallocated. A principal risk of investing in the Fund is that the Adviser may make less than optimal or unsuccessful asset allocation decisions. The Adviser employs an active approach to allocation among multiple fixed-income sectors, but there is no guarantee that such allocation techniques will produce the desired results. It is possible that the Adviser will focus on an investment that underperforms other investments under various market conditions. You could lose money on your investment in the Fund as a result of these allocation decisions.

Issuer Risk

The value of securities may decline for a number of reasons that directly relate to the issuer, such as its financial strength, management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer’s goods and services, as well as the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of its assets.

Management Risk

The Fund is subject to management risk because it is an actively managed investment portfolio. The Adviser and the Fund’s portfolio managers will apply investment techniques and risk analysis in making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no guarantee that these decisions will produce the desired results. Certain securities or other instruments in which the Fund seeks to invest may not be available in the quantities desired. In addition, regulatory restrictions, actual or potential conflicts of interest or other considerations may cause the Adviser to restrict or prohibit participation in certain investments. In such circumstances, the Adviser or a portfolio manager may determine to purchase other securities or instruments as substitutes. Such substitute securities or instruments may not perform as intended, which could result in losses to the Fund. To the extent the Fund employs strategies targeting perceived pricing inefficiencies, arbitrage strategies or similar strategies, it is subject to the risk that the pricing or valuation of the securities and instruments involved in such strategies may change unexpectedly, which may result in reduced returns or losses to the Fund. Additionally, legislative, regulatory, or tax restrictions, policies or developments may affect the investment techniques available to the Adviser in connection with managing the Fund and may also adversely affect the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objective. There also can be no assurance that all of the personnel of the Adviser will continue to be associated with the Adviser for any length of time. The loss of the services of one or more key employees of the Adviser could have an adverse impact on the Fund’s ability to realize its investment objective.

In addition, the Fund may rely on various third-party sources to calculate its net asset value. As a result, the Fund is subject to certain operational risks associated with reliance on service providers and service providers’ data sources. In particular, errors or systems failures and other technological issues may adversely impact the Fund’s calculations of its net asset value, and such net asset value calculation issues may result in inaccurately calculated net asset values, delays in net asset value calculation and/or the inability to calculate net asset values over extended periods. The Fund may be unable to recover any losses associated with such failures.

Interest Rate Risk

Generally, when market interest rates rise, the prices of debt obligations fall, and vice versa. Interest rate risk is the risk that debt obligations and other instruments in the Fund’s portfolio will decline in value because of increases in market interest rates.—The prices of long-term debt obligations generally fluctuate more than prices of short-term debt obligations as interest rates change. Because the Fund’s normal average portfolio duration range extends up to eight years (normally in the range of 0 to 8 years), as calculated by the Adviser, the Fund’s net asset value and market price per share of its Common Stock will tend to fluctuate more in response to changes in market interest rates than if the Fund invested mainly in short-term debt securities. During periods of rising interest rates, the average life of certain types of securities may be extended due to lower than expected rates of prepayments, which could cause the securities’ durations to extend and expose the securities to more price volatility. This may lock in a below market yield, increase the security’s duration and reduce the security’s value. In addition to directly affecting debt securities, rising interest rates may also have an adverse effect on the value of any equity securities held by the Fund. The Fund’s duration strategy may entail maintaining a negative average portfolio duration from time to time, which would potentially benefit the portfolio in an environment of rising market interest rates, but would generally adversely impact the portfolio in an environment of falling market interest rates. The Adviser may utilize certain strategies, including without limitation investments in structured notes or interest rate futures contracts or swap, cap, floor or collar transactions, for the purpose of reducing the interest rate sensitivity of the Fund’s portfolio, although there is no assurance that it will do so or that, if used, such strategies will be successful.

The Fund may invest in variable- and floating-rate debt instruments, which generally are less sensitive to interest rate changes than longer duration fixed-rate instruments, but may decline in value in response to rising interest rates if, for example, the rates at which they pay interest do not rise as much, or as quickly, as market interest rates in general. During periods of falling interest rates, payments under the floating rate debt instruments that the Fund holds would generally decrease, resulting in less revenue to the Fund. In the event of a sharply rising interest rate environment, such as during 2022 and 2023, payments under floating rate debt instruments generally would rise and there may be a significant number of issuers of such floating rate debt instruments that would be unable or unwilling to pay such increased interest costs and may otherwise be unable to repay their loans. Investments in floating rate debt instruments may also decline in value in response to rising interest rates if the interest rates of such investments do not rise as much, or as quickly, as market interest rates in general. Similarly, during periods of rising interest rates, fixed-rate debt instruments may decline in value because the fixed rates of interest paid thereunder may be below market interest rates. The Fund also may invest in inverse floating-rate debt securities, which may decrease in value if interest rates increase, and which also may exhibit greater price volatility than fixed-rate debt obligations with similar credit quality. To the extent the Fund holds variable- or floating-rate instruments, a decrease (or, in the case of inverse floating-rate securities, an increase) in market interest rates will adversely affect the income received from such securities and the net asset value of the Fund’s Common Stock.

Credit Risk

One of the fundamental risks associated with the Fund’s investments is credit risk, which is the risk that an issuer will be unable to make principal and interest payments on its outstanding debt obligations when due. The Fund’s return to investors would be adversely impacted if an issuer of debt in which the Fund invests becomes unable to make such payments when due.

Although the Fund may make investments that the Adviser believes are secured by specific collateral, the value of which may initially exceed the principal amount of such investments or the Fund’s fair value of such investments, there can be no assurance that the liquidation of any such collateral would satisfy the borrower’s obligation in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal payments with respect to such investment, or that such collateral could be readily liquidated. The Fund may also invest in leveraged loans, high yield securities, marketable and non-marketable common and preferred equity securities and other unsecured investments, each of which involves a higher degree of risk than senior secured loans. Furthermore, the Fund’s right to payment and its security interest, if any, may be subordinated to the payment rights and security interests of a senior lender, to the extent applicable. Certain of these investments may have an interest-only payment schedule, with the principal amount remaining outstanding and at risk until the maturity of the investment. In addition, loans may provide for payments- received in kind, which have a similar effect of deferring current cash payments. In such cases, an issuer’s ability to repay the principal of an investment may depend on a liquidity event or the long-term success of the company, the occurrence of which is uncertain.

With respect to the Fund’s investments in any number of credit products, if the borrower or issuer breaches any of the covenants or restrictions under the credit agreement that governs loans of such issuer or borrower, it could result in a default under the applicable indebtedness as well as the indebtedness held by the Fund. Such default may allow the creditors to accelerate the related debt and may result in the acceleration of any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies. This could result in an impairment or loss of the Fund’s investment or a pre-payment (in whole or in part) of the Fund’s investment.

Similarly, while the Fund will generally target investing in companies it believes are of high quality, these companies could still present a high degree of business and credit risk. Companies in which the Fund invests could deteriorate as a result of, among other factors, an adverse development in their business, a change in the competitive environment or the continuation or worsening of the current (or any future) economic and financial market downturns and dislocations. As a result, companies that the Fund expected to be stable or improve may operate, or expect to operate, at a loss or have significant variations in operating results, may require substantial additional capital to support their operations or maintain their competitive position, or may otherwise have a weak financial condition or experience financial distress. In addition, exogenous factors such as fluctuations of the equity markets also could result in warrants and other equity securities or instruments owned by the Fund becoming worthless.

Mortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities Risk

The Fund may invest in a variety of mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities issued by government agencies or other governmental entities or by private originators or issuers.

The mortgage-related securities in which the Fund may invest include, without limitation, mortgage pass-through securities, CMOs, commercial or residential mortgage-backed securities, mortgage dollar rolls, CMO residuals, SMBSs and other securities that directly or indirectly represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property. The Fund may also invest in other types of asset-backed securities, including CLOs and less frequently in other types of CDOs, including CBOs and other similarly structured securities.

Mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities often involve risks that are different from or more acute than risks associated with other types of debt instruments. For instance, these securities may be particularly sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates. Rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of mortgage-related securities, making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates, and may reduce the market value of the securities. This is known as extension risk. In addition, mortgage-related securities are subject to prepayment risk—the risk that borrowers may pay off their mortgages sooner than expected, particularly when interest rates decline. This can reduce the Fund’s returns because the Fund may have to reinvest that money at lower prevailing interest rates. For instance, the Fund may invest in stripped mortgage-backed securities with respect to which one class receives all of the interest from the mortgage assets (the interest-only, or “IO” class), while the other class receives all of the principal (the principal-only, or “PO” class). The yield to maturity on an IO class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s yield to maturity from these investments.

The Fund’s investments in other asset-backed securities are subject to risks similar to those associated with mortgage-related securities, as well as additional risks associated with their structure and the nature of the assets underlying the security and the servicing of those assets. For instance, certain CDOs in which the Fund may invest are backed by pools of high-risk, below investment grade debt securities and may involve substantial credit and other risks.

Due to their often complicated structures, various mortgage-related and asset-backed securities may be difficult to value and may constitute illiquid investments.

The values of mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities may be substantially dependent on the servicing of the underlying asset pools, and are therefore subject to risks associated with the negligence by, or defalcation of, their servicers. Furthermore, debtors may be entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws with respect to these securities, which may give the debtor the right to avoid or reduce payment.

Investments in mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities may involve particularly high levels of risk under current market conditions.

High Yield Securities Risk

In general, lower rated debt securities carry a greater degree of risk that the issuer will lose its ability to make interest and principal payments, which could have a negative effect on the net asset value of the Fund’s Common Stock or Common Stock dividends. Securities of below investment grade quality are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal, and are commonly referred to as “high yield” securities or “junk bonds.” High yield securities (junk bonds) involve a greater risk of default and their prices are generally more volatile and sensitive to actual or perceived negative developments, such as a decline in the issuer’s revenues or revenues of underlying borrowers or a general economic downturn, than are the prices of higher grade securities. Debt securities in the lowest investment grade category also may be considered to possess some speculative characteristics by certain rating agencies. The Fund may purchase stressed and distressed securities, including securities that are in default or the issuers of which are in bankruptcy, which involve heightened risks. See “Risk Factors—Stressed, Distressed and Defaulted Securities Risk.” An economic downturn could severely affect the ability of issuers (particularly those that are highly leveraged) to service their debt obligations or to repay their obligations upon maturity. Lower-rated securities are generally less liquid than higher-rated securities, which may have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to dispose of a particular security. For example, under adverse market or economic conditions, the secondary market for below investment grade securities could contract further, independent of any specific adverse changes in the condition of a particular issuer, and certain securities in the Fund’s portfolio may become illiquid or less liquid. As a result, the Fund could find it more difficult to sell these securities or may be able to sell these securities only at prices lower than if such securities were widely traded. See “Risk Factors—Liquidity Risk.” To the extent the Fund focuses on below investment grade debt obligations, the Adviser’s capabilities in analyzing credit quality and associated risks will be particularly important, and there can be no assurance that the Adviser will be successful in this regard. Due to the risks involved in investing in high yield securities (junk bonds), an investment in the Fund should be considered speculative.

The Fund’s credit quality policies, if any, apply only at the time a security is purchased, and the Fund is not required to dispose of a security in the event that a rating agency or the Adviser downgrades its assessment of the credit characteristics of a particular issue. In determining whether to retain or sell such a security, the Adviser may consider factors including, but not limited to, the Adviser’s assessment of the credit quality of the issuer of such security, the price at which such security could be sold and the rating, if any, assigned to such security by other rating agencies. Analysis of creditworthiness may be more complex for issuers of high yield securities (junk bonds) than for issuers of higher quality debt securities.

Corporate Bonds Risk

The market value of a corporate bond generally may be expected to rise and fall inversely with interest rates. The market value of intermediate and longer-term corporate bonds is generally more sensitive to changes in interest rates than is the market value of shorter-term corporate bonds. The market value of a corporate bond also may be affected by factors directly related to the issuer, such as investors’ perceptions of the creditworthiness of the issuer, the issuer’s financial performance, perceptions of the issuer in the market place, performance of management of the issuer, the issuer’s capital structure and use of financial leverage and demand for the issuer’s goods and services. There is a risk that the issuers of corporate bonds may not be able to meet their obligations on interest or principal payments at the time called for by an instrument. Corporate bonds of below investment grade quality are often high risk and have speculative characteristics and may be particularly susceptible to adverse issuer-specific developments.

Stressed, Distressed and Defaulted Securities Risk

As noted above, the Fund may invest in the debt securities of financially stressed or distressed issuers, including those that are in default or the issuers of which are in bankruptcy. Investments in the securities of financially stressed or distressed issuers involve substantial risks. These securities may present a substantial risk of default or may be in default at the time of investment. The Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent it is required to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of principal or interest on its portfolio holdings. In any reorganization or liquidation proceeding relating to an investment, the Fund may lose its entire investment or may be required to accept cash or securities with a value substantially less than its original investment. Among the risks inherent in investments in a troubled issuer is that it frequently may be difficult to obtain information as to the true financial condition of such issuer. The Adviser’s judgments about the credit quality of a financially stressed or distressed issuer and the relative value of its securities may prove to be wrong.

Inflation-Indexed Security Risk

Inflation-indexed debt securities are subject to the effects of changes in market interest rates caused by factors other than inflation (real interest rates). In general, the value of an inflation-indexed security, including Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (“TIPS”), tends to decrease when real interest rates increase and can increase when real interest rates decrease. Thus generally, during periods of rising inflation, the value of inflation-indexed securities will tend to increase and during periods of deflation, their value will tend to decrease. Interest payments on inflation-indexed securities are unpredictable and will fluctuate as the principal and interest are adjusted for inflation. There can be no assurance that the inflation index used (i.e., the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (“CPI”)) will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. Increases in the principal value of TIPS due to inflation are considered taxable ordinary income for the amount of the increase in the calendar year. Any increase in the principal amount of an inflation-indexed debt security will be considered taxable ordinary income, even though the Fund will not receive the principal until maturity. In order to receive the special treatment accorded to RICs and their stockholders under the Code and to avoid U.S. federal income and/or excise taxes at the Fund level, the Fund may be required to distribute this income to stockholders in the tax year in which the income is recognized (without a corresponding receipt of cash). Therefore, the Fund may be required to pay out as an income distribution in any such tax year an amount greater than the total amount of cash income the Fund actually received, and to sell portfolio securities, including at potentially disadvantageous times or prices, to obtain cash needed for these income distributions. Additionally, a CPI swap can potentially lose value if the realized rate of inflation over the life of the swap is less than the fixed market implied inflation rate (fixed breakeven rate) that the investor agrees to pay at the initiation of the swap. With municipal inflation-indexed securities, the inflation adjustment is integrated into the coupon payment. For municipal inflation-indexed securities, there is no adjustment to the principal value. Because municipal inflation-indexed securities are a small component of the municipal bond market, they may be less liquid than conventional municipal bonds.

Senior Debt Risk

Because the Fund may invest in below investment-grade senior debt, the Fund may be subject to greater levels of credit risk than funds that do not invest in such debt. The Fund may also be subject to greater levels of liquidity risk than funds that do not invest in senior debt. Restrictions on transfers in loan agreements, a lack of publicly available information and other factors may, in certain instances, make senior debt more difficult to sell at an advantageous time or price than other types of securities or instruments. Additionally, if the issuer of senior debt prepays, the Fund will have to consider reinvesting the proceeds in other senior debt or similar instruments that may pay lower interest rates.

Reinvestment Risk

Income from the Fund’s portfolio will decline if and when the Fund invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called debt obligations at market interest rates that are below the portfolio’s current earnings rate. For instance, during periods of declining interest rates, an issuer of debt obligations may exercise an option to redeem securities prior to maturity, forcing the Fund to invest in lower-yielding securities. The Fund also may choose to sell higher yielding portfolio securities and to purchase lower yielding securities to achieve greater portfolio diversification, because the portfolio managers believe the current holdings are overvalued or for other investment-related reasons. A decline in income received by the Fund from its investments is likely to have a negative effect on dividend levels and the market price, net asset value and/or overall return of the Common Stock. As the average maturity of the Fund’s portfolio shortens, the Fund will reinvest in shorter maturity securities at market interest rates that may be lower than at the time of initial investment. As a result, the Fund’s income and distributions may decline over the term of the Fund.

Foreign Investment Risk

The Fund may invest without limit in securities of foreign (non-U.S.) issuers and securities traded principally outside of the United States. The Fund’s investments in and exposure to foreign securities involve special risks.

For example, the value of these investments may decline in response to unfavorable political and legal developments, unreliable or untimely information or economic and financial instability. Foreign securities may experience more rapid and extreme changes in value than investments in securities of U.S. issuers. The securities markets of many foreign countries are relatively small, with a limited number of companies representing a small number of industries. Issuers of foreign securities are usually not subject to the same degree of regulation as U.S. issuers. Reporting, accounting, auditing and custody standards of foreign countries differ, in some cases significantly, from U.S. standards. Also, nationalization, expropriation or other confiscation, currency blockage, political changes or diplomatic developments, which may include the imposition of economic sanctions (or the threat of new or modified sanctions), could adversely affect the Fund’s investments in foreign securities. In the event of nationalization, expropriation or other confiscation, the Fund could lose its entire investment in foreign securities. In addition, the threat of or actual imposition of tariffs may adversely impact the price of foreign securities. To the extent that the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in a particular foreign country or a concentrated geographic area (such as Europe, Asia or South America), the Fund will generally have more exposure to regional economic risks associated with foreign investments. Also, adverse conditions in a certain region can adversely affect securities from other countries whose economies appear to be unrelated. The costs of investing in foreign countries frequently are higher than the costs of investing in the United States. Additionally, investments in securities of foreign issuers may be denominated in foreign currencies, subjecting the Fund to foreign currency risk. See “Risk Factors—Foreign Currency Risk.”

Foreign Currency Risk

The Fund may engage in practices and strategies that will result in exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, in which case the Fund will be subject to foreign currency risk. The Fund’s Common Stock is priced in U.S. dollars and the distributions paid by the Fund to Common Stockholders are paid in U.S. dollars. However, a substantial portion of the Fund’s assets may be denominated in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies and income received by the Fund from many foreign debt obligations will be paid in foreign currencies. The Fund may also invest in or gain exposure to foreign currencies themselves in order to gain local currency exposure with respect to foreign instruments denominated in other currencies or for other investment or hedging purposes.

The Fund’s investments in or exposure to foreign currencies or in securities or instruments that trade, or receive revenues, in foreign currencies are subject to the risk that those currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar or, in the case of hedging positions (if utilized), that the U.S. dollar will decline in value relative to the currency being hedged. Currency rates in foreign countries may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in interest rates, rates of inflation, balance of payments and governmental surpluses or deficits, intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments, central banks or supranational entities such as the International Monetary Fund, or by the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the U.S. or abroad. These fluctuations may have a significant adverse impact on the value of the Fund’s portfolio and/or the level of Fund distributions made to Common Stockholders. As noted above, the Fund may (but is not required to) seek exposure to foreign currencies, or attempt to hedge exposure to reduce the risk of loss due to fluctuations in currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar. There is no assurance, however, that these strategies will be available or will be used by the Fund or, if used, that they will be successful.

Redenomination Risk

Continuing uncertainty as to the status of the euro and the European Monetary Union (“EMU”) has created significant volatility in currency and financial markets generally. Any partial or complete dissolution of the EMU could have significant adverse effects on currency and financial markets, and on the values of the Fund’s portfolio investments. If one or more EMU countries were to stop using the euro as its primary currency, the Fund’s investments in such countries may be redenominated into a different or newly adopted currency. As a result, the value of those investments could decline significantly and unpredictably. In addition, securities or other investments that are redenominated may be subject to foreign currency risk, liquidity risk and valuation risk to a greater extent than similar investments currently denominated in euros. See “Risk Factors—Foreign Currency Risk,” “Risk Factors—Liquidity Risk” and “Risk Factors—Valuation Risk.” To the extent a currency used for redenomination purposes is not specified in respect of certain EMU-related investments, or should the euro cease to be used entirely, the currency in which such investments are denominated may be unclear, making such investments particularly difficult to value or dispose of. The Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent it is required to seek judicial or other clarification of the denomination or value of such securities. There can be no assurance that if the Fund earns income or capital gains in a non-U.S. country or the Adviser otherwise seeks to withdraw the Fund’s investments from a given country, capital controls imposed by such country will not prevent, or cause significant expense in doing so.

U.S. Government Securities Risk

The Fund may invest in debt securities issued or guaranteed by agencies, instrumentalities and sponsored enterprises of the U.S. Government. Some U.S. Government Securities, such as U.S. Treasury bills, notes and bonds, and mortgage-related securities guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; others, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLBs”) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”), are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; others, such as those of the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency’s obligations; and still others are supported only by the credit of the issuing agency, instrumentality or corporation. Although legislation has been enacted to support certain government sponsored entities, including the FHLBs, FHLMC and FNMA, there is no assurance that the obligations of such entities will be satisfied in full, or that such obligations will not decrease in value or default. It is difficult, if not impossible, to predict the future political, regulatory or economic changes that could impact the government sponsored entities and the values of their related securities or obligations. In addition, certain governmental entities, including FNMA and FHLMC, have been subject to regulatory scrutiny regarding their accounting policies and practices and other concerns that may result in legislation, changes in regulatory oversight and/or other consequences that could adversely affect the credit quality, availability or investment character of securities issued by these entities.

U.S. Government debt securities generally involve lower levels of credit risk than other types of debt securities of similar maturities, although, as a result, the yields available from U.S. Government debt securities are generally lower than the yields available from such other securities. Like other debt securities, the values of U.S. Government Securities change as interest rates fluctuate. Fluctuations in the value of portfolio securities will not affect interest income on existing portfolio securities but will be reflected in the Fund’s NAV.

Foreign Government Securities Risk

The Fund’s investments in debt obligations of foreign governments or their sub-divisions, agencies and government sponsored enterprises and obligations of international agencies and supranational entities (together “Foreign Government Securities”) can involve a high degree of risk. The foreign governmental entity that controls the repayment of debt may not be able or willing to repay the principal and/or interest when due in accordance with the terms of such debt. A governmental entity’s willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the governmental entity’s policy toward the International Monetary Fund and the political constraints to which a governmental entity may be subject. Foreign governmental entities also may be dependent on expected disbursements from other governments, multilateral agencies and others abroad to reduce principal and interest arrearages on their debt. The commitment on the part of these governments, agencies and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned on the implementation of economic reforms and/or economic performance and the timely service of such debtor’s obligations. Failure to implement such reforms, achieve such levels of economic performance or repay principal or interest when due may result in the cancellation of such third parties’ commitments to lend funds to the foreign governmental entity, which may further impair such debtor’s ability or willingness to timely service its debts. Consequently, foreign governmental entities may default on their debt. Holders of Foreign Government Securities may be requested to participate in the rescheduling of such debt and to extend further loans to governmental entities. In the event of a default by a governmental entity, there may be few or no effective legal remedies for collecting on such debt. These risks are particularly severe with respect to the Fund’s investments in Foreign Government Securities of emerging market countries. Among other risks, if the Fund’s investments in Foreign Government Securities issued by an emerging market country need to be liquidated quickly, the Fund could sustain significant transaction costs. Also, governments in many emerging market countries participate to a significant degree in their economies and securities markets, which may impair investment and economic growth, and which may in turn diminish the value of the Fund’s holdings in emerging market Foreign Government Securities and the currencies in which they are denominated and/or pay revenues.

Collateralized Debt Obligations

The risks of an investment in a CDO, including CBOs and CLOs, depend largely on the type of the collateral securities (which would have the risks described elsewhere in this Prospectus for that type of security) and the class of the CBO, CLO or other CDO in which the Fund invests. Some CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs have credit ratings, but are typically issued in various classes with various priorities. Normally, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold (that is, not registered under the federal securities laws) and may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid securities, but an active dealer market may exist for CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs that qualify for Rule 144A transactions. In addition to the normal risks associated with fixed income securities discussed elsewhere in this Prospectus and the Fund’s SAI (e.g., interest rate, default risk, and mortgage-related and asset-backed securities risks), CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs carry additional risks, including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; and (iii) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment, which may result in disputes with the issuer or produce unexpected investment results.

For CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs, the cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called “tranches,” varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche, which is the first tranche to bear losses from defaults of the underlying collateral. The Fund may invest in securities of any tranche, including equity tranches. Even to the extent the Fund invests in higher rated tranches, such tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as aversion to CBO, CLO or other CDO securities as a class.

Convertible Securities Risk

Convertible securities are bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks or other securities that may be converted into or exchanged for a specified amount of common stock of the same or a different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security generally entitles its holder to receive interest or a dividend until the convertible security matures or is redeemed or converted. Convertible securities generally: (i) have higher yields than the dividends on the underlying common stocks, but lower yields than non-convertible securities of a comparable duration; (ii) are less volatile in price than the underlying common stock due to their fixed-income characteristics; (iii) have a significant option component to their value which is directly impacted by the prevailing market volatility and interest rates; and (iv) provide the potential for capital appreciation if the market price of the underlying common stock increases.

The value of a convertible security is a function of its “investment value” (determined by its yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion feature) and its “conversion value” (the security’s worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock). The investment value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates (with investment value declining as interest rates increase) as well as market volatility (with the conversion value increasing as market volatility increases). The credit standing of the issuer and other factors may also have an effect on investment value. The conversion value of a convertible security is determined by the market price of the underlying common stock. If the conversion value is low relative to the investment value, the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its investment value. To the extent that the market price of the underlying common stock approaches or exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible security will be increasingly influenced by its conversion value. A convertible security generally will sell at a premium over its conversion value by the extent to which investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding a fixed-income security. Generally, the amount of the premium decreases (as with an option) as the convertible security approaches maturity.

A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required either to permit the issuer to redeem the security or convert it into the underlying common stock. Either of these actions could have an adverse effect on the value of the position.

Synthetic Convertible Securities Risk

The Fund may invest in synthetic convertible securities, which are created through a combination of separate securities that possess the two principal characteristics of a traditional convertible security, i.e., an income-producing security (“income-producing component”) and the right to acquire an equity security (“convertible component”). The values of synthetic convertible securities will respond differently to market fluctuations than a traditional convertible security because a synthetic convertible is composed of two or more separate securities or instruments, each with its own market value. Synthetic convertible securities are also subject to the risks associated with derivatives. See “Risks Factors—Derivatives Risk.” In addition, if the value of the underlying common stock or the level of the index involved in the convertible element falls below the strike price of the warrant or option, the warrant or option may lose all value.

Contingent Convertible Securities Risk

The risks of investing in CoCos include, without limitation, the risk that interest payments will be cancelled by the issuer or a regulatory authority, the risk of ranking junior to other creditors in the event of a liquidation or other bankruptcy-related event as a result of holding subordinated debt, the risk of the Fund’s investment becoming further subordinated as a result of conversion from debt to equity, the risk that the principal amount due can be written down to a lesser amount, and the general risks applicable to fixed income investments, including interest rate risk, credit risk, market risk and liquidity risk, any of which could result in losses to the Fund. CoCos may experience a loss absorption mechanism trigger event, which would likely be the result of, or related to, the deterioration of the issuer’s financial condition (e.g., a decrease in the issuer’s capital ratio) and status as a going concern. In such a case, with respect to CoCos that provide for conversion into common stock upon the occurrence of the trigger event, the market price of the issuer’s common stock received by the Fund will have likely declined, perhaps substantially, and may continue to decline, which may adversely affect the Fund’s NAV.

Valuation Risk

When market quotations are not readily available or are deemed to be unreliable, the Fund values its investments at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to policies and procedures approved by the Board of Directors. See “Net Asset Value.” Fair value pricing may require subjective determinations about the value of a security or other asset. As a result, there can be no assurance that fair value pricing will result in adjustments to the prices of securities or other assets, or that fair value pricing will reflect actual market value, and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security or other asset will be materially different from quoted or published prices, from the prices used by others for the same security or other asset and/or from the value that actually could be or is realized upon the sale of that security or other asset.

Leverage Risk

The Fund’s use of leverage creates the opportunity for increased Common Stock net income, but also creates special risks for Common Stockholders. To the extent used, there is no assurance that the Fund’s leveraging strategies will be successful. Leverage is a speculative technique that may expose the Fund to greater risk and increased costs. The net proceeds that the Fund obtains from its use of reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and/or borrowings (as well as from any future issuance of preferred shares) will be invested in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies as described in this prospectus. It is anticipated that interest expense payable by the Fund with respect to its reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and borrowings (or dividends payable with respect to any outstanding preferred shares) will generally be based on shorter-term interest rates that would be

periodically reset. So long as the Fund’s portfolio investments provide a higher rate of return (net of applicable Fund expenses) than the interest expenses and other costs to the Fund of such leverage, the investment of the proceeds thereof will generate more income than will be needed to pay the costs of the leverage. If so, and all other things being equal, the excess may be used to pay higher dividends to Common Stockholders than if the Fund were not so leveraged. If, however, shorter-term interest rates rise relative to the rate of return on the Fund’s portfolio, the interest and other costs to the Fund of leverage (including interest expenses on reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and borrowings and the dividend rate on any outstanding preferred shares) could exceed the rate of return on the debt obligations and other investments held by the Fund, thereby reducing return to Common Stockholders. In addition, fees and expenses of any form of leverage used by the Fund will be borne entirely by the Common Stockholders (and not by preferred stockholders, if any) and will reduce the investment return of the Common Stock. Therefore, there can be no assurance that the Fund’s use of leverage will result in a higher yield on the Common Stock, and it may result in losses. In addition, any preferred shares issued by the Fund are expected to pay cumulative dividends, which may tend to increase leverage risk.

Leverage creates several major types of risks for Common Stockholders, including:

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the likelihood of greater volatility of net asset value and market price of Common Stock, and of the investment return to Common Stockholders, than a comparable portfolio without leverage;

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the possibility either that Common Stock dividends will fall if the interest and other costs of leverage rise, or that dividends paid on shares of Common Stock will fluctuate because such costs vary over time; and

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the effects of leverage in a declining market or a rising interest rate environment, as leverage is likely to cause a greater decline in the net asset value of the Common Stock than if the Fund were not leveraged and may result in a greater decline the market value of the Common Stock.

In addition, the counterparties to the Fund’s leveraging transactions and any preferred stockholders of the Fund will have priority of payment over the Fund’s Common Stockholders.

The use by the Fund of reverse repurchase agreements and dollar rolls to obtain leverage also involves special risks. For instance, the market value of the securities that the Fund is obligated to repurchase under a reverse repurchase agreement or dollar roll may decline below the repurchase price.

In addition to reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and/or borrowings (or a future issuance of preferred shares), the Fund may engage in other transactions that may give rise to a form of leverage including, among others, futures and forward contracts (including foreign currency exchange contracts), credit default swaps, total return swaps, basis swaps and other derivative transactions, loans of portfolio securities, short sales and when-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions). The Fund’s use of such transactions gives rise to associated leverage risks described above, and may adversely affect the Fund’s income, distributions and total returns to Common Stockholders. The Fund may also offset derivatives positions against one another or against other assets to manage effective market exposure resulting from derivatives in its portfolio. To the extent that any offsetting positions do not behave in relation to one another as expected, the Fund may perform as if it is leveraged through use of these derivative strategies.

Because the fees received by the Adviser are based on the total Managed Assets of the Fund, the Adviser has a financial incentive for the Fund to use certain forms of leverage (e.g., reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and other borrowings) or to issue preferred shares, which may create a conflict of interest between the Adviser, on the one hand, and the Common Stockholders, on the other hand.

Derivatives Risk

Generally, derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index, and may relate to individual debt or equity instruments, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, commodities, related indexes and other assets. The Fund may, directly or indirectly, use various derivative instruments including, but not limited to, options contracts, futures contracts, forward contracts, options on futures contracts, indexed securities, credit default swaps, interest rate swaps and other swap agreements primarily for hedging and risk management purposes. The Fund may treat reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions as derivatives subject to the requirements of Rule 18f-4. The Fund also may use derivative instruments for investment purposes and/or to approximate or achieve the economic equivalent of an otherwise permitted investment (as if the Fund directly invested in the securities, loans or claims of the subject portfolio company) or if such instruments are related to an otherwise permitted investment. The Fund’s use of derivative instruments involves investment risks and transaction costs to which the Fund would not be subject absent the use of these instruments and, accordingly, may result in losses greater than if they had not been used. The use of derivative instruments may have risks including, among others, leverage risk, market risk, volatility risk, duration mismatch risk, correlation risk, counterparty risk, market liquidity risk, fund liquidity risk and

legal and operational risk. When used for hedging or synthetic investment purposes, an imperfect or variable degree of correlation between price movements of the derivative instrument and the underlying investment sought to be hedged or tracked may prevent the Fund from achieving the intended hedging effect or expose the Fund to the risk of loss. Derivative instruments, especially when traded in large amounts by the Fund or other investors with a concentrated exposure, may not be liquid in all circumstances, so that in volatile markets the Fund may not be able to close out a position without incurring a loss. In addition, daily limits on price fluctuations and speculative position limits on exchanges on which the Fund may conduct its transactions in derivative instruments may prevent prompt liquidation of positions, subjecting the Fund to the potential of greater losses. Exchange-traded derivatives may experience increased settlement risk when trade volumes dramatically increase such that a futures commission merchant or options exchange may not be able to reconcile their positions in the ordinary course. This could cause a delay in calculation of the NAV of the Fund and result in losses. Derivative instruments that may be purchased or sold by the Fund may include instruments not traded on an exchange. Derivative instruments not traded on exchanges are also not subject to the same type of government regulation as exchange traded instruments, and many of the protections afforded to participants in a regulated environment may not be available in connection with such transactions. In addition, significant disparities may exist between “bid” and “asked” prices for derivative instruments that are not traded on an exchange. Additionally, when a company defaults or files for protection from creditors (e.g., U.S. chapter 11 proceedings), the use of derivative instruments presents special risks associated with the potential imbalance between the derivatives market and the underlying securities market. In such a situation, physical certificates representing such securities may be required to be delivered to settle trades and the potential shortage of such actual certificates relative to the number of derivative instruments may cause the price of the actual certificated debt securities to rise, which may adversely affect the holder of such derivative instruments. The risk of nonperformance by the counterparty on such an instrument may be greater and the ease with which the Fund can dispose of or enter into closing transactions with respect to such an instrument may be less than in the case of an exchange traded instrument. The stability and liquidity of derivative investments depend in large part on the creditworthiness of the parties to the transactions. If there is a default by the counterparty to such a transaction, the Fund will under most normal circumstances have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. However, exercising such contractual rights may involve delays or costs which could result in a loss to the Fund. Furthermore, there is a risk that any of such counterparties could become insolvent. It should be noted that in purchasing derivative instruments, the Fund typically will not have the right to vote on matters requiring a vote of holders of the underlying investment. Moreover, derivative instruments, and the terms relating to the purchase, sale or financing thereof, are also typically governed by complex legal agreements. As a result, there is a higher risk of dispute over interpretation or enforceability of the agreements. It should also be noted that the regulation of derivatives has increased and continues to evolve in the United States and in other jurisdictions, which could impact the Fund’s ability to transact in such instruments and the liquidity of such instruments. The Adviser may cause the Fund to take advantage of investment opportunities with respect to derivative instruments that are neither presently contemplated nor currently available, but which may be developed in the future, to the extent such opportunities are both consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and legally permissible. Any such investments may expose the Fund to unique and presently indeterminate risks, the impact of which may not be capable of determination until such instruments are developed and/or the Adviser determines to make such an investment.

Credit Default Swaps Risk

Credit default swap agreements may involve greater risks than if the Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly since, in addition to general market risks, credit default swaps are subject to illiquidity risk, counterparty risk and credit risk. A buyer generally also will lose its investment and recover nothing should no credit event occur and the swap is held to its termination date. If a credit event were to occur, the value of any deliverable obligation received by the seller (if any), coupled with the upfront or periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the seller. When the Fund acts as a seller of a credit default swap, it is exposed to many of the same risks of leverage described herein since if an event of default occurs, the seller must pay the buyer the full notional value of the reference obligation. See “Risk Factors—Leverage Risk.”

The market for credit default swaps has become more volatile in recent years as the creditworthiness of certain counterparties has been questioned and/or downgraded. The Fund will be subject to credit risk with respect to the counterparties to the credit default swap contract (whether a clearing corporation in the case of a cleared credit default swap or another third party in the case of an uncleared credit default swap). If a counterparty’s credit becomes significantly impaired, multiple requests for collateral posting in a short period of time could increase the risk that the Fund may not receive adequate collateral.

Counterparty Risk

The Fund is exposed to the risk that third parties that may owe the Fund, or its issuers, money, securities or other assets will not perform their obligations. These parties include trading counterparties, clearing agents, exchanges, clearing houses, custodians, prime brokers, administrators and other intermediaries. These parties may default on their obligations to the Fund or its issuers, due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failure or other reasons. This risk may arise, for example, from entering into

swap or other derivative contracts under which counterparties have long-term obligations to make payments to the Fund or its issuers, or executing securities, futures, currency or commodity trades that fail to settle at the required time due to non-delivery by the counterparty or systems failure by clearing agents, exchanges, clearing houses or other intermediaries. Also, any practice of rehypothecation of securities of the Fund or its issuers held by counterparties could result in the loss of such securities upon the bankruptcy, insolvency or failure of such counterparties. In addition, any of the Fund’s cash held with a prime broker, custodian or counterparty may not be segregated from the prime broker’s, custodian’s or counterparty’s own cash, and the Fund therefore may rank as an unsecured creditor in relation thereto. The inability to recover the Fund’s assets could have a material impact on the performance of the Fund. The consolidation and elimination of counterparties resulting from the disruption in the financial markets and the costs associated with regulatory compliance has generally increased the concentration of counterparty risk and has decreased the number of potential counterparties.

Equity Securities and Related Market Risk

Subject to the Fund’s investment policies, the Fund may hold common stocks and other equity securities from time to time, including without limitation those it has received through the conversion of a convertible security held by the Fund or in connection with the restructuring of a debt security. The market price of common stocks and other equity securities may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Equity securities may decline in value due to factors affecting equity securities markets generally, particular industries represented in those markets, or the issuer itself. See “Risk Factors —Issuer Risk.” The values of equity securities may decline due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. They may also decline due to factors which affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. Equity securities generally have greater price volatility than bonds and other debt securities.

Preferred Securities Risk

In addition to equity securities risk (see “Risk Factors—Equity Securities and Related Market Risk”), credit risk (see “Risk Factors—Credit Risk”) and possibly high yield securities risk (see “Risk Factors—High Yield Securities Risk”), investment in preferred securities involves certain other risks. Certain preferred securities contain provisions that allow an issuer under certain conditions to skip or defer distributions. If the Fund owns a preferred security that is deferring its distribution, the Fund may be required to include the amount of the deferred distribution in its taxable income for tax purposes despite the fact that it does not currently receive such amount. In order to receive the special treatment accorded to RICs and their stockholders under the Code and to avoid U.S. federal income and/or excise taxes at the Fund level, the Fund may be required to distribute this income to stockholders in the tax year in which the income is recognized (without a corresponding receipt of cash). Therefore, the Fund may be required to pay out as an income distribution in any such tax year an amount greater than the total amount of cash income the Fund actually received, and to sell portfolio securities, including at potentially disadvantageous times or prices, to obtain cash needed for these income distributions. Preferred securities often are subject to legal provisions that allow for redemption in the event of certain tax or legal changes or at the issuer’s call. In the event of redemption, the Fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds at comparable rates of return. Preferred securities are subordinated to bonds and other debt securities in an issuer’s capital structure in terms of priority for corporate income and liquidation payments, and therefore will be subject to greater credit risk than those debt securities. Preferred securities may trade less frequently and in a more limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than many other securities, such as common stocks, corporate debt securities and U.S. Government Securities.

Short Sale Risk

The Fund may use short sales for investment and risk management purposes, including when the Adviser anticipates that the market price of securities will decline or will underperform relative to other securities held in the Fund’s portfolio. Short sales are transactions in which the Fund sells a security or other instrument (such as an option, forward, futures or other derivative contract) that it does not own. Short exposure with respect to securities or market segments may also be achieved through the use of derivative instruments, such as futures or swaps on indices or on individual securities. When the Fund engages in a short sale on a security or other instrument, it must, to the extent required by law, borrow the security or other instrument sold short and deliver it to the counterparty. The Fund will ordinarily have to pay a fee or premium to borrow particular securities and be obligated to repay the lender of the security any dividends or interest that accrue on the security during the period of the loan. The amount of any gain from a short sale will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of the premium, dividends, interest or expenses the Fund pays in connection with the short sale. Short sales expose the Fund to the risk that it will be required to cover its short position at a time when the securities have appreciated in value, thus resulting in a loss to the Fund. The Fund may, to the extent permitted by law, engage in short sales where it does not own or have the right to acquire the security (or basket of securities) sold short at no additional cost. The Fund’s loss on a short sale could theoretically be unlimited in a case in which the Fund is unable, for whatever

reason, to close out its short position. The use by the Fund of short sales in combination with long positions in its portfolio in an attempt to improve performance may not be successful and may result in greater losses or lower positive returns than if the Fund held only long positions. It is possible that the Fund’s long positions will decline in value at the same time that the value of the securities underlying its short positions increase, thereby increasing potential losses to the Fund. In addition, the Fund’s short selling strategies may limit its ability to fully benefit from increases in the relevant securities markets. Short selling also involves a form of financial leverage that may exaggerate any losses realized by the Fund. See “Risk Factors—Leverage Risk.” Also, there is the risk that the counterparty to a short sale may fail to honor its contractual terms, causing a loss to the Fund. See “Risk Factors—Counterparty Risk.” To the extent the Fund seeks to obtain some or all of its short exposure by using derivative instruments instead of engaging directly in short sales on individual securities, it will be subject to many of the foregoing risks, as well as to those described under “Risk Factors—Derivatives Risk.”

Other Investment Companies Risk

The Fund may invest in securities of other pooled investment vehicles (including those advised by the Adviser or its affiliates), including mutual funds, money market funds, closed-end funds, BDCs, ETFs, and other Underlying Funds. With respect to listed closed-end funds and ETFs, the market value of their shares may differ from the NAV of the particular fund. To the extent the Fund invests a portion of its assets in a pooled investment vehicle, those assets will be subject to the risks of the purchased fund’s portfolio securities. In addition, if the Fund invests in such investment companies or investment funds, the Fund’s stockholders will bear not only their proportionate share of the expenses of the Fund, but also will indirectly bear similar expenses of the underlying investment company. The securities of these pooled investment vehicles may also be leveraged and will therefore be subject to the same leverage risks described herein. The securities of certain Underlying Funds or BDCs in which the Fund invests or plans to invest may be illiquid. Subscriptions to purchase the securities of such Underlying Funds or BDCs are typically subject to restrictions or delays. There is no regular market for interests in many Underlying Funds or BDCs or portfolio companies, which typically must be sold in privately negotiated transactions. Any such sales would likely require the consent of the manager of the applicable Underlying Funds or BDCs or the board of the portfolio company, and could occur at a discount to the stated NAV. If the Adviser determines to cause the Fund to sell its interest in such Underlying Funds or BDCs, the Fund may be unable to sell such interest quickly, if at all, and could therefore be obligated to continue to hold such interest for an extended period of time, or to accept a lower price for a quick sale.

Some Underlying Funds may impose restrictions on when an investor may withdraw its investment or limit the amounts an investor may withdraw. To the extent that the Adviser seeks to reduce or sell out of its investment at a time or in an amount that is prohibited, the Fund may not have the liquidity necessary to participate in other investment opportunities or may need to sell other investments that it may not have otherwise sold.

Private Placements Risk

A private placement involves the sale of securities that have not been registered under the Securities Act, or relevant provisions of applicable non-U.S. law, to certain institutional and qualified individual purchasers, such as the Fund. In addition to the general risks to which all securities are subject, securities received in a private placement generally are subject to strict restrictions on resale, and there may be no liquid secondary market or ready purchaser for such securities, and a liquid secondary market may never develop. See “Risk Factors—Liquidity Risk.” Therefore, the Fund may be unable to dispose of such securities when it desires to do so, or at the most favorable time or price. Private placements may also raise valuation risks. See “Risk Factors—Valuation Risk.”

Inflation/Deflation Risk

Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from the Fund’s investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of payments at future dates. As inflation increases, the real value of the Fund’s portfolio could decline. In addition, during any periods of rising inflation, the dividend rates or borrowing costs associated with the Fund’s use of leverage would likely increase, which would tend to further reduce returns to Stockholders. Deflation risk is the risk that prices throughout the economy decline over time. Deflation may have an adverse effect on the creditworthiness of issuers and may make issuer default more likely, which may result in a decline in the value of the Fund’s portfolio and Common Stock.

Risk of Regulatory Changes

Legal, tax and regulatory changes could occur and may adversely affect the Fund and its ability to pursue its investment strategies and/or increase the costs of implementing such strategies. New (or revised) laws or regulations may be imposed by the CFTC, the SEC, the IRS, the U.S. Federal Reserve or other banking regulators, other governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations that supervise the financial markets that could adversely affect the Fund. In particular, these agencies have implemented or are in the process of implementing a variety of rules pursuant to financial reform legislation in the United States. The European Union, United Kingdom (and other jurisdictions) have implemented or are in the process of implementing similar requirements. The Fund also may be adversely affected by changes in the enforcement or interpretation of existing statutes and rules by these governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations.

In addition, the securities and derivatives markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations and margin requirements. The CFTC, the SEC, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, other regulators and self-regulatory organizations and exchanges are authorized under these statutes, regulations and otherwise to take extraordinary actions in the event of market emergencies.

Current rules related to asset backed securities may increase the cost to originators, securitizers and, in certain cases, asset managers of securitization vehicles in which the Fund may invest. The impact of the risk retention rules on the securitization markets is uncertain. These requirements may increase the costs to originators, securitizers, and, in certain cases, collateral managers of securitization vehicles in which the Fund may invest, which costs could be passed along to such Fund as an investor in such vehicles.

Regulatory Risk - London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) Transition & Reference Benchmark Risk

LIBOR had been used extensively in the U.S. and globally as a “benchmark” or “reference rate” for various commercial and financial contracts, including corporate and municipal bonds, bank loans, asset-backed and mortgage-related securities, interest rate swaps and other derivatives. Instruments in which the Fund may have historically paid interest at floating rates based on LIBOR or may have been subject to interest caps or floors based on LIBOR. The Fund and issuers of instruments in which the relevant fund invests may have also historically obtained financing at floating rates based on LIBOR. In connection with the global transition away from LIBOR led by regulators and market participants as a result of benchmark reforms, LIBOR was last published on a representative basis at the end of June 2023. Alternative reference rates to LIBOR have been established in most major currencies and markets in these new rates are continuing to develop (e.g., the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) for USD-LIBOR). While the transition from LIBOR has gone relatively smoothly, residual risks associated with the transition may remain that may impact markets or particular investments and, as such, the full impact of the transition on the Fund or the financial instruments in which the Fund invests cannot yet be fully determined.

SOFR is intended to be a broad measure of the cost of borrowing funds overnight in transactions that are collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities. SOFR is calculated based on transaction-level repo data collected from various sources. For each trading day, SOFR is calculated as a volume-weighted median rate derived from such data. SOFR is calculated and published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“FRBNY”). If data from a given source required by the FRBNY to calculate SOFR is unavailable for any day, then the most recently available data for that segment will be used, with certain adjustments. If errors are discovered in the transaction data or the calculations underlying SOFR after its initial publication on a given day, SOFR may be republished at a later time that day. Rate revisions will be effected only on the day of initial publication and will be republished only if the change in the rate exceeds one basis point.

Because SOFR is a financing rate based on overnight secured funding transactions, it differs fundamentally from LIBOR. LIBOR is intended to be an unsecured rate that represents interbank funding costs for different short-term maturities or tenors. It is a forward-looking rate reflecting expectations regarding interest rates for the applicable tenor. Thus, LIBOR is intended to be sensitive, in certain respects, to bank credit risk and to term interest rate risk. In contrast, SOFR is a secured overnight rate reflecting the credit of U.S. Treasury securities as collateral. Thus, it is largely insensitive to credit-risk considerations and to short-term interest rate risks. SOFR is a transaction-based rate, and it has been more volatile than other benchmark or market rates, such as three-month LIBOR, during certain periods. For these reasons, among others, there is no assurance that SOFR, or rates derived from SOFR, will perform in the same or similar way as LIBOR would have performed at any time, and there is no assurance that SOFR-based rates will be a suitable substitute for LIBOR. SOFR has a relatively limited history, having been first published in April 2018. The future performance of SOFR, and SOFR-based reference rates, cannot be predicted based on SOFR’s history or otherwise. Levels of SOFR in the future may bear little or no relation to historical levels of SOFR, LIBOR or other rates. There can also be no assurance that SOFR will not be discontinued or fundamentally altered in a manner that is materially adverse to the interests of the Fund.

In addition, interest rates or other types of rates and indices which are classed as “benchmarks” have been the subject of ongoing national and international regulatory reform, including under the European Union (“EU”) regulation on indices used as benchmarks in financial instruments and financial contracts (known as the “Benchmarks Regulation”). The Benchmarks Regulation has been enacted into United Kingdom (“UK”) law by virtue of the EU (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (as amended), subject to amendments made by the Benchmarks (Amendment and Transitional Provision) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (SI 2019/657) and other statutory instruments. Following the implementation of these reforms, the manner of administration of benchmarks has changed and may

further change in the future, with the result that relevant benchmarks may perform differently than in the past, the use of benchmarks that are not compliant with the new standards by certain supervised entities may be restricted, and certain benchmarks may be eliminated entirely. Such changes could cause increased market volatility and disruptions in liquidity for instruments that rely on or are impacted by such benchmarks. Additionally, there could be other consequences which cannot be predicted.

Regulatory Risk—Commodity Pool Operator

The CFTC has adopted regulations that subject registered investment companies and their investment advisers to regulation by the CFTC if the registered investment company invests more than a prescribed level of its liquidation value in futures, options on futures or commodities, swaps, or other financial instruments regulated under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) and the rules thereunder (“commodity interests”), or if the Fund markets itself as providing investment exposure to such instruments. The Adviser is registered as a “commodity pool operator” (“CPO”) under the CEA, however, with respect to the Fund, the Adviser has claimed an exclusion from registration as a CPO pursuant to CFTC Rule 4.5. For the Adviser to remain eligible for this exclusion, the Fund must comply with certain limitations, including limits on its ability to use any commodity interests and limits on the manner in which the Fund holds out its use of such commodity interests. These limitations may restrict the Fund’s ability to pursue its investment objective and strategies, increase the costs of implementing its strategies, result in higher expenses for the Fund, and/or adversely affect the Fund’s total return. Further, in the event the Adviser becomes unable to rely on the exclusion in CFTC Rule 4.5 with respect to the Fund and is required to register as a CPO with respect to the Fund, the Adviser will be subject to additional regulation and its expenses may increase.

Liquidity of Investments Risk

The Fund may invest in securities of any market capitalization and may be exposed to liquidity risk when trading volume, lack of a market maker, or legal restrictions impair the Fund’s ability to sell particular securities or close derivative positions at an advantageous price or in a timely manner. In the event certain securities experience limited trading volumes, the prices of such securities may display abrupt or erratic movements at times. In addition, it may be more difficult for the Fund to buy and sell significant amounts of such securities without an unfavorable impact on prevailing market prices. The Fund may purchase securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A under the Securities Act. An insufficient number of qualified institutional buyers interested in purchasing Rule 144A-eligible securities held by the Fund, could affect adversely the marketability of certain Rule 144A securities, and the Fund might be unable to dispose of such securities promptly or at reasonable prices. To the extent that liquid Rule 144A securities held by the Fund become illiquid, due to the lack of sufficient qualified institutional buyers or market or other conditions, the assets invested in illiquid assets would increase and the fair value of such investments may become not readily determinable. In addition, if for any reason the Fund is required to liquidate all or a portion of a portfolio quickly, such portfolio may realize significantly less than the fair value at which it previously recorded these investments. The sale of restricted and illiquid securities often requires more time and results in higher brokerage charges or dealer discounts and other selling expenses than does the sale of securities eligible for trading on national securities exchanges or in the over the counter markets. Restricted securities may sell at prices that are lower than similar securities that are not subject to restrictions on resale. The market prices, if any, for such illiquid investments tend to be volatile and may not be readily ascertainable and the Fund may not be able to sell them when it desires to do so or to realize what it perceives to be their fair value in the event of a sale. Because of valuation uncertainty, the fair values of such illiquid investments reflected in the NAV of the Fund attributable to such investment may not necessarily reflect the prices that would actually be obtained by the Fund when such investments are realized. If the realization occurs at a price that is significantly lower than the NAV attributable to such investment, the Fund will suffer a loss. Moreover, securities in which the Fund may invest include those that are not listed on a stock exchange or traded in an over-the-counter market. As a result of the absence of a public trading market for these securities, they may be less liquid than publicly traded securities. The size of the Fund’s position may magnify the effect of a decrease in market liquidity for such instruments. Changes in overall market leverage, deleveraging as a consequence of a decision by the counterparties with which the Fund enters into repurchase/reverse repurchase agreements or derivative transactions to reduce the level of leverage available, or the liquidation by other market participants of the same or similar positions, may also adversely affect the Fund’s portfolio.

Tax Risk

The Fund has elected to be treated as a RIC under the Code and intends each year to qualify and be eligible to be treated as such, so that it generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its net investment income or net short-term or long-term capital gains, that are distributed (or deemed distributed, as described below) to stockholders. In order to qualify for such treatment, the Fund must meet certain asset diversification and distribution tests and at least 90% of its gross income for such year must consist of certain types of qualifying income. Foreign currency gains will generally be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement. However, the U.S. Treasury Department has authority to issue regulations in the future that could treat some or all of the Fund’s foreign currency gains as non-qualifying income, potentially jeopardizing the Fund’s status as a RIC for all

years to which the regulations are applicable. Income derived from some commodity-linked derivatives is not qualifying income, and the treatment of income from some other commodity-linked derivatives is uncertain, for purposes of the 90% gross income test. As a result of certain of the Fund’s investments, the Fund may be required to pay out as an income distribution each year an amount which is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Fund actually received in order to satisfy annual distribution requirements. Such distributions may be made from the cash assets of the Fund or, if necessary, by disposition of portfolio securities including at a time when it may not be advantageous to do so. If for any taxable year the Fund were to fail to meet the income, distribution or diversification test described above, the Fund could in some cases cure such failure, including by paying a fund-level tax and, in the case of a diversification test failure, disposing of certain assets.

If, in any year, the Fund were to fail to qualify for treatment as a RIC under the Code, and were ineligible to or did not otherwise cure such failure, the Fund would be subject to tax on its taxable income at regular corporate rates and, when such income is distributed, stockholders would be subject to a further tax to the extent of the Fund’s current or accumulated earnings and profits.

Government Intervention in Financial Markets Risk

Global economies and financial markets are increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibility that conditions in one country or region may adversely affect companies in a different country or region. In the past, instability in the financial markets has led governments and regulators around the world to take a number of unprecedented actions designed to support certain financial institutions and segments of the financial markets that have experienced extreme volatility, and in some cases a lack of liquidity. Governments, their regulatory agencies, or self-regulatory organizations may take actions that affect the regulation of the instruments in which the Fund invests, or the issuers of such instruments, in ways that are unforeseeable. Legislation or regulation may also change the way in which the Fund itself is regulated. Such legislation or regulation could limit or preclude the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.

Governments or their agencies may also acquire distressed assets from financial institutions and acquire ownership interests in those institutions. The implications of government ownership and disposition of these assets are unclear, and such a program may have positive or negative effects on the liquidity, valuation and performance of the Fund’s portfolio holdings. Furthermore, volatile financial markets can expose the Fund to greater market and liquidity risk and potential difficulty in valuing portfolio instruments held by the Fund.

The SEC and its staff have been engaged in various initiatives and reviews that seek to improve and modernize the regulatory structure governing investment companies. These efforts have been focused on risk identification and controls in various areas, including imbedded leverage through the use of derivatives and other trading practices, cybersecurity, liquidity, enhanced regulatory and public reporting requirements and the evaluation of systemic risks. Any new rules, guidance or regulatory initiatives resulting from these efforts could increase the Fund’s expenses and impact its returns to stockholders or, in the extreme case, impact or limit its use of various portfolio management strategies or techniques and adversely impact the Fund.

Market Disruption Risk

The U.S. capital markets have experienced extreme volatility and disruption following the spread of COVID-19 in the United States and the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. Disruptions in the capital markets have increased the spread between the yields realized on risk-free and higher risk securities, resulting in illiquidity in parts of the capital markets. These and future market disruptions and/or illiquidity would be expected to have an adverse effect on the Fund’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Unfavorable economic conditions also would be expected to increase the Fund’s funding costs, limit the Fund’s access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to the Fund. During periods of market disruption, portfolio companies may be more likely to seek to draw on unfunded commitments the Fund has made, and the risk of being unable to fund such commitments is heightened during such periods. These events have limited and could continue to limit the Fund’s investment originations, limit the Fund’s ability to grow and have a material negative impact on the Fund’s operating results and the fair values of the Fund’s debt and equity investments.

U.S. and global markets recently have experienced increased volatility, including as a result of the recent failures of certain U.S. and non-U.S. banks, which could be harmful to the Fund and issuer in it invests. For example, if a bank in which the Fund or issuer has an account fails, any cash or other assets in bank accounts may be temporarily inaccessible or permanently lost by the Fund or issuer. If a bank that provides a subscription line credit facility, asset-based facility, other credit facility and/or other services to the Fund or an issuer fails, the Fund or the issuer could be unable to draw funds under its credit facilities or obtain replacement credit facilities or other services from other lending institutions with similar terms. Even if banks used by the Fund and issuers in which the Fund invests remain solvent, continued volatility in the banking sector could cause or intensify an economic recession, increase the costs of banking services or result in the issuers being unable to obtain or refinance indebtedness at all or on as favorable

terms as could otherwise have been obtained. Conditions in the banking sector are evolving, and the scope of any potential impacts to the Fund and issuers, both from market conditions and also potential legislative or regulatory responses, are uncertain. Continued market volatility and uncertainty and/or a downturn in market and economic and financial conditions, as a result of developments in the banking industry or otherwise (including as a result of delayed access to cash or credit facilities), could have an adverse impact on the Fund and issuers in which it invests.

Cybersecurity Risks

Cybersecurity incidents and cyber-attacks have been occurring globally at a more frequent and severe level and will likely continue to increase in frequency in the future. The Adviser faces various security threats on a regular basis, including ongoing cyber security threats to and attacks on its information technology infrastructure that are intended to gain access to its proprietary information, destroy data or disable, degrade or sabotage its systems. These security threats could originate from a wide variety of sources, including unknown third parties outside of the Adviser. There can be no assurance that the various procedures and controls utilized by the Adviser to mitigate threats from cyber incidents will be sufficient to prevent disruptions to its systems.

The Adviser’s and issuers’ information and technology systems may be vulnerable to damage or interruption from computer viruses, underlying network failures, computer and telecommunication failures, infiltration by unauthorized persons and security breaches, usage errors by their respective professionals, power outages and catastrophic events such as fires, tornadoes, floods, hurricanes and earthquakes.

In addition, the Fund will heavily rely on the Adviser’s and third parties’ financial, accounting, information and other data processing systems. Any failure or interruption of those systems, including as a result of the termination of an agreement with any third- party service providers, could cause delays or other problems in its activities. If any of these systems do not operate properly or are disabled for any reason or if there is any unauthorized disclosure of data, whether as a result of tampering, a breach of its network security systems, a cyber-incident or attack or otherwise, the Fund and/or the Adviser could suffer substantial financial loss, increased costs, a disruption of its businesses, liability to its investors, regulatory intervention or reputational damage. In addition, the Adviser operates in a business that is highly dependent on information systems and technology. The information systems and technology that the Adviser relies on may not continue to be able to accommodate its growth, and the cost of maintaining such systems may increase from its current level. Such a failure to accommodate growth, or an increase in costs related to such information systems, could have a material adverse effect on the Fund and/or the Adviser.

A cybersecurity incident could have numerous material adverse effects, including on the operations, liquidity and financial condition of the Fund. Cyber threats and/or incidents could cause financial costs from the theft of Fund assets (including proprietary information and intellectual property) as well as numerous unforeseen costs including, but not limited to: litigation costs, preventative and protective costs, remediation costs and costs associated with reputational damage, any one of which, could be materially adverse to the Fund. There can be no guarantee that the Fund will be able to prevent or mitigate such incidents. If systems and measures to manage risks relating to these types of events, are compromised, become inoperable for extended periods of time or cease to function properly, the Adviser, the Fund and/or an issuer may have to make a significant investment to fix or replace them. The failure of these systems and/or of disaster recovery plans for any reason could cause significant interruptions in the Adviser’s, the Fund’s and/or an issuer’s operations and result in a failure to maintain the security, confidentiality or privacy of sensitive data, including personal information relating to investors (and the beneficial owners of investors).

In addition, the Fund or the Adviser may not be in a position to verify the risks or reliability of third parties with which the Fund’s and the Adviser’s operations interface with and/or depend on third parties, including the Fund’s administrator and other service providers. The Fund may suffer adverse consequences from actions, errors or failure to act by such third parties, and will have obligations, including indemnity obligations, and limited recourse against them.

Potential Conflicts of Interest Risk—Allocation of Investment Opportunities

The Fund’s executive officers and directors, and the employees of the Adviser, serve or may serve as officers, directors or principals of entities that operate in the same or a related line of business as the Fund or of other TCW-advised funds (“Other Managed Funds”). As a result, they may have obligations to investors in those entities, the fulfillment of which might not be in the best interests of the Fund or its stockholders. Moreover, notwithstanding the difference in principal investment objectives between the Fund and the Other Managed Funds, such other funds, including potential new pooled investment vehicles or managed accounts not yet established (whether managed or sponsored by affiliates or the Adviser), have, and may from time to time have, overlapping investment objectives with the Fund and, accordingly, invest in, whether principally or secondarily, asset classes similar to those targeted by the Fund. To the extent the Other Managed Funds have overlapping investment objectives, the scope of opportunities otherwise available to the Fund may be adversely affected and/or reduced. Additionally, certain employees of the Adviser and its management may face conflicts in their time management and commitments as well as in the allocation of investment opportunities to Other Managed Funds.

The results of the Fund’s investment activities may differ significantly from the results achieved by the Other Managed Funds. It is possible that one or more of such funds will achieve investment results that are substantially more or less favorable than the results achieved by the Fund. Moreover, it is possible that the Fund will sustain losses during periods in which one or more affiliates achieve significant profits on their trading for proprietary or other accounts. The opposite result is also possible. The investment activities of one or more Adviser affiliates for their proprietary accounts and accounts under their management may also limit the investment opportunities for the Fund in certain markets.

The Adviser may determine that the Fund should invest on a side-by-side basis with one or more Other Managed Funds. In certain circumstances, negotiated co-investments may be made only in accordance with the terms of the exemptive order TCW has received from the SEC (the “Order”). Co-investments made under the Order are subject to compliance with the conditions and other requirements contained in the Order, which could limit the Fund’s ability to participate in a co-investment transaction. Pursuant to the Order, the Board may establish Board criteria clearly defining co-investment opportunities in which the Fund will have the opportunity to participate with one or more public or private funds managed by TCW that target similar assets. If an investment falls within the Board criteria and is otherwise consistent within the Fund’s then-current investment objectives and strategies, TCW must present the investment opportunity to the Adviser to consider the investment opportunity for participation by the Fund. The Fund may determine to participate or not to participate, depending on whether the Adviser determines that the investment is appropriate for the Fund (e.g., based on investment strategy, portfolio construction or other considerations). The co-investment would generally be allocated to us and the other funds that target similar assets pro rata based on available capital for the particular investment. If the Adviser determines that such investment is not appropriate for the Fund, the investment will not be allocated to the Fund, but the Adviser will be required to report such investment and the rationale for its determination for us to not participate in the investment to the Board at the next quarterly board meeting.

In the event investment opportunities are allocated among the Fund and Other Managed Funds, the Fund may not be able to structure its investment portfolio in the manner desired. Although the Advisers endeavor to allocate investment opportunities in a fair and equitable manner, the Fund is not generally permitted to co-invest in any portfolio company in which a fund managed by TCW or any of its downstream affiliates (other than the Fund and its downstream affiliates) currently has an investment. However, the Fund may co-invest with funds managed by TCW or any of its downstream affiliates, subject to compliance with existing regulatory guidance, applicable regulations and its allocation procedures.

Repurchase Agreements Risk

The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements, in which the Fund purchases a security from a bank or broker-dealer, which agrees to repurchase the security at the Fund’s cost plus interest within a specified time. If the party agreeing to repurchase should default, the Fund will seek to sell the securities which it holds. This could involve procedural costs or delays in addition to a loss on the securities if their value should fall below their repurchase price. Repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days and which may not be terminated within seven days at approximately the amount at which the Fund has valued the agreements are considered illiquid investments. These events could also trigger adverse tax consequences for the Fund.

Prepayment Risk

Prepayment risk relates to the early repayment of principal on a loan or debt security. Loans are generally callable at any time, and certain loans may be callable at any time at no premium to par. The Adviser is generally unable to predict the rate and frequency of such repayments. Whether a loan is called will depend both on the continued positive performance of the issuer and the existence of favorable financing market conditions that allow such issuer the ability to replace existing financing with less expensive capital. As market conditions change frequently, the Adviser will often be unable to predict when, and if, this may be possible for each of the Fund’s issuers. Having the loan or other debt instrument called early may have the effect of reducing the Fund’s actual investment income below its expected investment income if the capital returned cannot be invested in transactions with equal or greater yields.

Credit Spread Risk

Credit spread risk is the risk that credit spreads (i.e., the difference in yield between securities that is due to differences in their credit quality) may increase when the market expects below- investment-grade bonds to default more frequently. Widening credit spreads may quickly reduce the market values of below-investment-grade and unrated securities. In recent years, the U.S. capital markets experienced extreme volatility and disruption following the spread of COVID-19, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and other economic disruptions, which increased the spread between yields realized on risk-free and higher risk securities, resulting in illiquidity in parts of the capital markets. Central banks and governments played a key role in reintroducing liquidity to parts of the capital markets. Future exits of these financial institutions from the market may reintroduce temporary illiquidity. These and future market disruptions and/or illiquidity would be expected to have an adverse effect on the Fund’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The Adviser tends to focus on credit swap risk at a portfolio level, to seek to ensure any potential return volatility is within an acceptable level.

Industry and Sector Risk

Although the Fund does not employ an industry or sector focus, the percentage of the Fund’s assets invested in specific industries or sectors will increase from time to time based on the portfolio management team’s perception of investment opportunities. The Fund may be overweight in certain industries and sectors at various times relative to its benchmark index. If the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in a particular industry or sector, the Fund is subject to the risk that companies in the same industry or sector are likely to react similarly to legislative or regulatory changes, adverse market conditions, increased competition, or other factors generally affecting that market segment. In such cases, the Fund would be exposed to an increased risk that the value of its overall portfolio will decrease because of events that disproportionately affect certain industries and/or sectors. The industries and sectors in which the Fund may be overweighted will vary. Furthermore, investments in particular industries or sectors may be more volatile than the broader market as a whole, and the Fund’s investments in these industries and sectors may be disproportionately susceptible to losses even if not overweighted.

Risks Factors from Holdings in Underlying Funds

In addition to the Risk Factors described above, the Fund may be subject to the following Risk Factors through its investments in the Underlying Funds:

Private Credit Risk

The Fund intends to obtain exposure to select less liquid or illiquid private credit investments, generally involving corporate borrowers, including through investments in pooled investment vehicles, including vehicles managed by an Underlying Fund’s investment adviser. Typically, private credit investments are not traded in public markets and are illiquid, such that an Underlying Fund may not be able to resell some of its holdings for extended periods, which may be several years, or at the price at which the Underlying Fund is valuing its investments. An Underlying Fund may, from time to time or over time, focus its private credit investments in a particular industry or sector or select industries or sectors. Investment performance of such industries or sectors may thus at times have an out-sized impact on the performance of an Underlying Fund or the Fund. Additionally, private credit investments can range in credit quality depending on security-specific factors, including total leverage, amount of leverage senior to the security in question, variability in the issuer’s cash flows, the size of the issuer, the quality of assets securing debt and the degree to which such assets cover the subject company’s debt obligations. The issuers of an Underlying Fund’s private credit investment will often be leveraged, as a result of recapitalization transactions, and may not be rated by national credit rating agencies.

Business Development Company Risk

The Fund may invest in BDCs, which typically operate to invest in, or lend capital to, early stage-to-mature private companies as well as small public companies. BDCs are regulated under the 1940 Act and are generally taxed as regulated investment companies under the Code. BDCs realize operating income when their investments are sold off or as income is received in connection with lending, and therefore maintain complex organizational, operational, tax and compliance requirements. For tax purposes, BDCs generally intend to qualify for taxation as regulated investment companies. To so qualify, BDCs must satisfy certain asset diversification and source of income tests and must generally distribute at least 90% of their taxable earnings as dividends. Under the 1940 Act, BDCs are also required to invest at least 70% of their total assets primarily in securities of private companies or thinly traded U.S. public companies, cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and high-quality debt investments that mature in one year or less. Generally, little public information exists for private and thinly traded companies in which a BDC may invest, and therefore there is a risk that investors may not be able to make a fully informed decision. In addition, investments made by BDCs are typically illiquid and may be difficult to value. A BDC may only incur indebtedness in amounts such that the BDC’s asset coverage, subject to certain conditions, equals at least 150% after such incurrence. These limitations on asset mix and leverage may inhibit the way that the BDC raises capital.

Risks Related to Investments in Loans

An Underlying Fund may invest in loans, either through primary issuances or in secondary transactions, including potentially on a synthetic basis. The value of an Underlying Fund’s loans may be detrimentally affected to the extent a borrower defaults on its obligations. There can be no assurance that the value assigned by an Underlying Fund’s investment adviser to collateralize an underlying loan can be realized upon liquidation, nor can there be any assurance that any such collateral will retain its value. Furthermore, circumstances could arise (such as in the bankruptcy of a borrower) that could cause an Underlying Fund’s security interest in the loan’s collateral to be invalidated. Also, much of the collateral will be subject to restrictions on transfer intended to satisfy securities regulations, which will limit the number of potential purchasers if an Underlying Fund intends to liquidate such collateral. The amount realizable with respect to a loan may be detrimentally affected if a guarantor, if any, fails to meet its obligations under a guarantee. Finally, there may be a monetary, as well as a time cost involved in collecting on defaulted loans and, if applicable, taking possession of various types of collateral.

The portfolio may include first lien senior secured, second and third lien loans and any other loans.

An Underlying Fund’s investment adviser considers a range of default and loss scenarios at an investment level and typically aggregates those losses to a portfolio level, considering those losses relative to the loan-to-value of an investment. While an Underlying Fund’s investment adviser focuses on credit default risk relative to the ultimate value of an investment at maturity, it also considers the potential impact of changes in defaults on the market price for any investments.

Covenant-Lite Loans

Some of the loans in which an Underlying Fund may invest may be “covenant-lite” loans. “Covenant- lite” loans refer generally to loans that do not have a complete set of financial maintenance covenants. Generally, “covenant-lite” loans provide borrower companies more freedom to negatively impact lenders because their covenants are incurrence-based, which means they are only tested and can only be breached following an affirmative action of the borrower, rather than by a deterioration in the borrower’s financial condition. Accordingly, to the extent an Underlying Fund invests in “covenant-lite” loans, an Underlying Fund may have fewer rights against a borrower and may have a greater risk of loss on such investments as compared to investments in or exposure to loans with financial maintenance covenants.

First Lien Senior Secured Loans

It is expected that when an Underlying Fund makes a senior secured term loan investment in an issuer, it will generally take a security interest in substantially all of the available assets of the issuer, including the equity interests of its domestic subsidiaries, which an Underlying Fund expects to help mitigate the risk that it will not be repaid. However, there is a risk that the collateral securing an Underlying Fund’s loans may decrease in value over time, may be difficult to sell in a timely manner, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based upon the success of the business and market conditions, including as a result of the inability of the issuer to raise additional capital, and, in some circumstances, an Underlying Fund’s lien could be subordinated to claims of other creditors. In addition, deterioration in an issuer’s financial condition and prospects, including its inability to raise additional capital, may be accompanied by deterioration in the value of the collateral for the loan. Consequently, the fact that a loan is secured does not guarantee that an Underlying Fund will receive principal and interest payments according to the loan’s terms, or at all, or that it will be able to collect on the loan should it be forced to enforce its remedies.

Second Lien Senior Secured Loans and Junior Debt Investments

Second and third lien loans are subject to the same investment risks generally applicable to senior loans described above. An Underlying Fund’s second lien senior secured loans will be subordinated to first lien loans and an Underlying Fund’s junior debt investments, such as mezzanine loans, generally will be subordinated to both first lien and second lien loans and have junior security interests or may be unsecured. As such, to the extent an Underlying Fund holds second lien senior secured loans and junior debt investments, holders of first lien loans may be repaid before an Underlying Fund in the event of a bankruptcy or other insolvency proceeding. Therefore, second and third lien loans are subject to additional risk that the cash flow of the related obligor and the property securing the second or third lien loan may be insufficient to repay the scheduled payments to the lender after giving effect to any senior secured obligations of the related obligor. This may result in an above average amount of risk and loss of principal. Second and third lien loans are also expected to be more illiquid than senior loans.

Investments in subordinated debt involve greater credit risk of default and loss than the more senior classes or tranches of debt in an issuer’s capital structure. Subordinated tranches of debt instruments (including mortgage- backed securities) absorb losses from default before other more senior tranches of such instruments, which creates a risk particularly if such instruments (or securities) have been issued with little or no credit enhancement or equity. To the extent an Underlying Fund invests in subordinate debt instruments (including mortgage-backed securities), an Underlying Fund would likely receive payments or interest distributions after, and must bear the effects of losses or defaults on, the senior debt (including underlying mortgage loans, senior mezzanine debt or senior commercial mortgage-backed securities bonds) before, the holders of other more senior tranches of debt instruments with respect to such issuer. An Underlying Fund’s investments will be affected, where applicable, by (i) the relative payment priorities of the respective classes of instruments or securities issued by portfolio companies (or affiliates thereof), (ii) the order in which the principal balances of such respective classes with balances will be reduced in connection with losses and default-related shortfalls, and (iii) the characteristics and quality of the underlying loans in an Underlying Fund.

Unsecured Loans

Unsecured loans are subject to the same investment risks generally applicable to loans described above but are subject to additional risk that the assets and cash flow of the related obligor may be insufficient to repay the scheduled payments to the lender after giving effect to any secured obligations of the obligor. Unsecured loans will be subject to certain additional risks to the extent that such loans may not be protected and such loans are not secured by collateral, financial covenants or limitations upon additional indebtedness. Unsecured loans are also expected to be a more illiquid investment than senior loans for this reason.

Second Priority Liens

Certain debt investments that an Underlying Fund makes in portfolio companies may be secured on a second priority basis by the same collateral securing first priority debt of such companies. The first priority liens on the collateral will secure the portfolio company’s obligations under any outstanding senior debt and may secure certain other future debt that may be permitted to be incurred by the company under the agreements governing the loans. The holders of obligations secured by the first priority liens on the collateral will generally control the liquidation of and be entitled to receive proceeds from any realization of the collateral to repay their obligations in full before us. In addition, the value of the collateral in the event of liquidation will depend on market and economic conditions, the availability of buyers and other factors. There can be no assurance that the proceeds, if any, from the sale or sales of all of the collateral would be sufficient to satisfy the debt obligations secured by the second priority liens after payment in full of all obligations secured by the first priority liens on the collateral. If such proceeds are not sufficient to repay amounts outstanding under the debt obligations secured by the second priority liens, then an Underlying Fund, to the extent not repaid from the proceeds of the sale of the collateral, will only have an unsecured claim against the company’s remaining assets, if any.

The rights an Underlying Fund may have with respect to the collateral securing the debt investments it makes to its portfolio companies with senior debt outstanding may also be limited pursuant to the terms of one or more intercreditor agreements that an Underlying Fund enters into with the holders of senior debt. Under such an intercreditor agreement, at any time that obligations that have the benefit of the first priority liens are outstanding, any of the following actions that may be taken in respect of the collateral will be at the direction of the holders of the obligations secured by the first priority liens: the ability to cause the commencement of enforcement proceedings against the collateral; the ability to control the conduct of such proceedings; the approval of amendments to collateral documents; releases of liens on the collateral; and waivers of past defaults under collateral documents. An Underlying Fund may not have the ability to control or direct such actions, even if its rights are adversely affected.

Unitranche Loans

Unitranche loans provide leverage levels comparable to a combination of first lien and second lien or subordinated loans, and may rank junior to other debt instruments issued by the portfolio company. Unitranche loans generally allow the borrower to make a large lump sum payment of principal at the end of the loan term, and there is a heightened risk of loss if the borrower is unable to pay the lump sum or refinance the amount owed at maturity. From the perspective of a lender, in addition to making a single loan, a unitranche loan may allow the lender to choose to participate in the “first out” tranche, which will generally receive priority with respect to payments of principal, interest and any other amounts due, or to choose to participate only in the “last out” tranche, which is generally paid only after the first out tranche is paid. An Underlying Fund may participate in “first out” and “last out” tranches of unitranche loans and make single unitranche loans.

Other Risks Related to Loans

Under the agreements governing most syndicated loans, should a holder of an interest in a syndicated loan wish to call a default or exercise remedies against a borrower, it could not do so without the agreement of at least a majority of the other lenders. Actions could also be taken by a majority of the other lenders, or in some cases, a single agent bank, without the consent of all lenders. Each lender would nevertheless be liable to indemnify the agent bank for its ratable share of expenses or other liabilities incurred in such connection and, generally, with respect to the administration and any renegotiation or enforcement of the syndicated loans. Moreover, an assignee or participant in a loan may not be entitled to certain gross-up payments in respect of withholding taxes and other indemnities that otherwise might be available to the original holder of the loan.

Furthermore, an Underlying Fund’s investment adviser may invest a portion of an Underlying Fund’s assets in bank loans and participations. The special risks associated with these obligations include (i) the possible invalidation of an investment transaction as a fraudulent conveyance under relevant creditors’ rights laws, (ii) adverse consequences resulting from participating in such instruments with other institutions with lower credit quality and (iii) limitations on the ability of an Underlying Fund or an Underlying Fund’s investment adviser to directly enforce its rights with respect to participations. An Underlying Fund’s investment adviser will seek to balance the magnitude of these and other risks identified by it against the potential investment gain prior to entering into each such investment. Successful claims by third parties arising from these and other risks, absent bad faith, may be borne by an Underlying Fund. Bank loans are frequently traded on the basis of standardized documentation which is used in order to facilitate trading and market liquidity. There can be no assurance, however, that future levels of supply and demand in bank loan trading will provide an adequate degree of liquidity or that the current level of liquidity will continue or that the same documentation will be used in the future. The settlement of trading in bank loans often requires the involvement of third parties, such as administrative or syndication agents, and there presently is no central clearinghouse or authority which monitors or facilitates the trading or settlement of all bank loan trades. Often, settlement may be delayed based on the actions of any third party or counterparty, and adverse price movements may occur in the time between trade and settlement, which could result in adverse consequences for an Underlying Fund.

In recent years, a number of judicial decisions in the United States have upheld the right of borrowers to sue lending institutions on the basis of various evolving legal theories (collectively termed “lender liability”). Generally, lender liability is founded upon the premise that an institutional lender has violated a duty (whether implied or contractual) of good faith and fair dealing owed to a borrower or has assumed a degree of control over the borrower resulting in a creation of a fiduciary duty owed to the borrower or its other creditors or stockholders. Because of the nature of certain of an Underlying Fund’s investments, an Underlying Fund could be subject to allegations of lender liability.

An Underlying Fund may acquire interests in bank loans either directly (by way of sale or assignment) or indirectly (by way of participation). The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning institution and becomes a contracting party under the credit agreement with respect to the debt obligation; however, its rights can be more restricted than those of the assigning institution. Participation interests in a portion of a debt obligation typically result in a contractual relationship only with the institution participating out the interest and not with the borrower. In purchasing participations, an Underlying Fund typically will not have the right to vote on matters requiring a vote of holders of the underlying debt and may have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement, or any rights of set-off against the borrower, and an Underlying Fund may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the debt obligation in which it has purchased the participation. As a result, if an Underlying Fund were to hold a participation, it would assume the credit risk of both the borrower and the institution selling the participation to an Underlying Fund. In certain circumstances, investing in the form of participation may be the most advantageous or only route for an Underlying Fund to make or hold any such investment, including in light of limitations relating to local laws or the willingness of administrative agents or borrowers to allow an Underlying Fund to become a direct lender.

Finally, loans may become non-performing for a variety of reasons. Non-performing debt obligations may require substantial workout negotiations, restructuring or bankruptcy filings that may entail a substantial reduction in the interest rate, deferral of payments and/or a substantial write-down of the principal of a loan or conversion of some or all of the debt to equity. Additional costs associated with these activities may reduce returns.

Mezzanine Debt Risk

Mezzanine securities generally are rated below investment grade and frequently are unrated and present many of the same risks as senior loans, second lien loans and non-investment grade bonds. However, unlike senior loans and second lien loans, mezzanine securities are not a senior or secondary secured obligation of the related borrower. They typically are the most subordinated debt obligation in an issuer’s capital structure. Mezzanine securities also may often be unsecured. Mezzanine securities therefore are

subject to additional risk that the cash flow of the related borrower and the property securing the loan may be insufficient to repay the scheduled obligation after giving effect to any senior obligations of the related borrower. Mezzanine securities are also expected to be a highly illiquid investment. Mezzanine securities will be subject to certain additional risks to the extent that such loans may not be protected by financial covenants or limitations upon additional indebtedness. Investment in mezzanine securities is a highly specialized investment practice that depends more heavily on independent credit analysis than investments in other types of debt obligations.

Investment in Receivables Risk

An Underlying Fund may invest in alternative lending-related securities with exposure to receivables or invoice financing, including loans or advances made to businesses, secured by invoice receivables, originated by specialty finance managers, marketplace lending platforms or other originators. An Underlying Fund will be reliant on the originator’s ability to source suitable deals, detect fraud, assess the credit worthiness of both the borrower and the obligor on the invoice, manage operational and financial risk and, in the event of default, pursue and collect collateral. In the event of default, an Underlying Fund incurs the risk that it may only rank as an unsecured creditor. The obligor on the invoice may dispute any aspect of its obligation and delay, reduce or withhold payments, which may affect the value of the collateral.

In making such investments, an Underlying Fund is dependent upon the originators’ ability to monitor and curtail fraud, including factoring fraud, which involves the falsification of invoice documents. False invoices can easily be created online to appear as if they have been issued by legitimate debtors or as if the invoiced amounts are higher than they actually are. Platforms that originate trade receivables financing loans to corporations usually conduct due diligence but do not always conduct on-site visits to verify that the business exists and is in good standing. For this reason, the risk of fraud may be greater with corporate trade receivables. Typically, an originator will seek to validate that the debtor has received the goods or services for which it has been invoiced and is willing to pay the creditor before making the receivables available for investment, although this may not always be the case. There can be no assurance, however, that the debtor will not subsequently dispute the quality or price of the goods or services and withhold payments. Fraud, delays or write-offs associated with such disputes could directly impact the profitability of an Underlying Fund’s investments in alternative lending-related securities with exposure to trade receivables. In the event of insolvency of any debtor owing funds on a receivable that an Underlying Fund has purchased directly or indirectly, an Underlying Fund may only rank as an unsecured creditor. In the case of receivables transferred with recourse, when a debtor defaults on its obligations to the purchaser of the receivable (such as an Underlying Fund, directly or indirectly), the seller of the receivable will become obligated to fulfill any remaining invoice amounts owed to the purchaser. In the case of receivables transferred without recourse, an Underlying Fund or other direct owner of the receivable will have no such “back-up” obligor in the event of a debtor default. In either scenario, there is a risk that the party with the payment obligation will fail to make payments timely or at all.

Such investments may include credit card receivables, which are generally unsecured and the debtors on such receivables are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set-off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due.

Whole Loan Securitizations

An Underlying Fund may invest in diversified portfolios of cash-flowing assets or receivables or securitize one or more loans. Securitizing such loan or loans typically involves the creation of a wholly owned entity, the contribution of such loan or pool of loans to the entity and the issuance by the entity of securities or tranched loans to purchasers who would be expected to be willing to accept a substantially lower interest rate than the loans earn. An Underlying Fund generally expects to retain all or a portion of the equity in any such securitized loan or pool of loans and its retained equity would be exposed to any losses on such loans before any of the debt securities would be exposed to such losses. An Underlying Fund’s investment adviser and its affiliates will often be in a position to determine whether assets should be placed into a whole loan securitization or whether an Underlying Fund and other clients should acquire such loans or other instruments directly, which can also create the potential for conflicts of interest as an Underlying Fund’s investment adviser and its affiliates manage other clients with investment guidelines that do not permit such ither clients to invest in whole loan securitizations. There can be no assurance that an Underlying Fund’s investment adviser will determine to seek to securitize assets in a manner that ensures that an Underlying Fund will be eligible to participate (or that such securitization will occur successfully) and an Underlying Fund’s investment adviser is permitted to make different determinations in good faith whether to seek to securitize certain assets which determination may differ from determinations to not securitize similar assets.

Risk of Bridge Financing

If an Underlying Fund makes or invests in a bridge loan or interim financing for a portfolio company that intends to refinance all or a portion of that loan, there is a risk that the borrower will be unable to complete such refinancing successfully. Such failure could lead to the portfolio company having to pay interest at increasing rates along with additional fees and expenses, the result of which may reduce the value of the portfolio company.

Reliance Upon Unaffiliated Co-Lender

In certain circumstances an Underlying Fund may co-invest with an unaffiliated lender, who will sometimes be responsible for performing some of the legal due diligence on the borrower and for negotiating some of the terms of the loan agreement that establishes the terms and conditions of the debt investment and the rights of the borrower and the lenders. In such circumstances, although an Underlying Fund will perform its own due diligence, the Underlying Fund may rely in part on the quality of the due diligence performed by the co-lender and will be bound by the negotiated terms of the loan documentation. There can be no assurance that the unaffiliated co-lender will perform the same level of due diligence as an Underlying Fund would perform or that the co-lender will negotiate terms that are consistent with the terms generally negotiated and obtained by an Underlying Fund. If the unaffiliated co-lender is acting as collateral agent under the loan documentation and becomes insolvent, the assets securing the debt investment may be determined by a court or regulatory authority to be subject to the claims of the co-lender’s creditors. If that were to occur, an Underlying Fund might incur delays and costs in realizing payment on the loan, or it might suffer a loss of principal and/or interest.

Non-Standard or Esoteric Credit Risk

An Underlying Fund may invest its assets in “alternative investments,” which include non-traditional debt investments and smaller segments of the debt markets, also known as niche or esoteric debt products. Alternative investments provide limited liquidity and include, among other things, the risks inherent in investing in securities, futures, commodities and derivatives, using leverage and engaging in short sales. An investment in alternative investment products is speculative, involves substantial risks, and should not constitute a complete investment program.

Royalties Risk

An Underlying Fund may invest in royalties, either directly purchasing the asset generating royalties or providing loans secured by royalties. Investments in royalties incorporate a number of general market risks along with risks specific to various underlying royalty strategies, such as oil & gas, music/entertainment and healthcare, among others. Included in those risks could be volatility in commodities, regulatory changes, delays in government approvals, patent defense and enforcement, product liabilities, product pricing and the dependence on third parties to market or distribute the product. The market performance of the target products, therefore, may be diminished by any number of factors that are beyond an Underlying Fund’s control.

Trade Finance Risk

Trade finance as an asset class typically consists of the financing of goods or materials during the time it takes to transport the goods from one geographic location to another. An Underlying Fund may invest in trade finance, structured trade finance, export finance, and project finance, or related obligations of companies or other entities with potential for exposure to emerging markets, all through a variety of forms, structures, and terms. Investing in trade finance may present emerging market risk, where an Underlying Fund considers risks tied to political and economic factors (different and often more complex than those faced domestically), ranging from but not limited to: expropriation, confiscation, nationalization, election, or war. Emerging market risk can also produce risk associated with loan market health, additional costs, regulatory practices, accounting standards, credit systems, taxation, and currency risk. Additionally, trade finance may entail transportation and warehousing risk, legal risk, collateral value risk, liquidity risk, and global market risk. Counterparty risk exists in default and fraud, as well as custody risks of theft and natural disaster. Finally, to the extent the buyer does not follow through on the contractual purchase, an Underlying Fund bears the price risk of reselling the goods to a new buyer.

Litigation Finance Risk

An Underlying Fund may invest in litigation finance-related investments. Some litigation finance investments pertain to litigation in which a settlement agreement or some form of agreement in principle between the parties exists. However, in some circumstances, these settlements, whether finalized or under a memorandum of understanding, require court approval or procedural steps beyond the control of an Underlying Fund or its investment adviser. If parties to an agreement or agreement in principle, or the relevant judicial authorities, terminate or reject a settlement, an Underlying Fund could suffer losses in its litigation finance investments.

Due to competitive and legal considerations and restrictions, an Underlying Fund and its investment adviser may not be able to provide to investors details regarding any underlying investment opportunity. Investors will be wholly dependent upon the ability of an Underlying Fund’s investment adviser to assess and manage investments made by an Underlying Fund.

Parties to a litigation, arbitration or settlement agreement must have the ability to pay a fee, judgment, award or the agreed upon amount if a case outcome or transaction is ultimately successful or completed. Part of the investment process involves an Underlying Fund’s investment adviser’s assessment of this ability to pay. However, if the party is unable to pay or further challenges the validity of a judgment or award, an Underlying Fund may have difficulties ultimately collecting its share of monetary judgments or awards. Further, given the nature of these recoveries, an Underlying Fund cannot always control the ultimate timing of an amount recovered, and there is no assurance that an Underlying Fund’s investment adviser will be able to predict the timing of any such payments.

For most investments made by an Underlying Fund, an Underlying Fund will not be the client of the law firm representing the party to the litigation or transaction and will not have the ability to control decisions made by the parties or the law firm. Lawyers are generally required to act pursuant to their clients’ directives and are fiduciaries to their clients, not to an Underlying Fund. The law firms involved also will be subject to an overriding duty to the courts and not an Underlying Fund.

As part of the due diligence process in which an Underlying Fund engages, an Underlying Fund might rely on the advice and opinion of outside counsel and other experts in assessing potential opportunities. Further, an Underlying Fund and its investment adviser will sometimes be dependent upon the skills and efforts of independent law firms to complete any settlement or underlying litigation or transactional matter. There is no guarantee that the ultimate outcome of any opportunities will be in line with a law firm’s or expert’s initial assessment.

Merchant Cash Advance Risk

For a variety of reasons, many small- and medium-sized merchants, retailers and businesses may have difficulties securing loans from traditional lenders and rely on merchant cash advances for operating liquidity. Merchant cash advances are made largely based on factors such as the value of a business’ account receivables. In exchange, the provider of the advance may receive a share of a business’ future sales and/ or a fixed fee. The remittances from the borrower will generally be drawn from the borrower’s customer debit- and credit-card purchases until the advance is repaid. Such cash advances come with the additional risks associated with small business lending which may lead to losses to an Underlying Fund. Since the cash advances are technically sales of future assets, rather than direct loans or credit, when making such advances an Underlying Fund is not believed to be currently subject to state usury laws or any of the restrictions under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. However, there have been discussions of increasing regulation of merchant cash advances and other alternative lending. Any such increased regulation may have an adverse effect on an Underlying Fund by increasing the cost of executing merchant cash advances, or making the strategy economically unfeasible or unlawful. There have also been claims that certain merchant cash advances should be re-characterized as loans. Any such claims, if successful, could result in an inability to collect on the merchant cash advances, as well as a potential for fines, penalties, and required refunds of amounts previously collected.

Infrastructure Debt Risk

An Underlying Fund may invest its assets in debt securities issued by companies in the infrastructure industry or assets collateralized by such debt. Infrastructure companies are subject to a variety of factors that may adversely affect their business or operations, including high interest costs in connection with capital construction programs, high leverage, costs associated with environmental and other regulations, the effects of economic slowdown including surplus capacity, government budgetary constraints and other factors. Additionally, infrastructure companies may be subject to regulation by various governmental authorities and also may be affected by governmental regulation of rates charged to customers, service interruptions and/or legal challenges due to environmental, operational or other issues and the imposition of special tariffs and changes in tax laws, regulatory policies and accounting standards. There is also the risk that publicly-funded infrastructure projects may be subject to the effects of public corruption resulting in delays and cost overruns. Other risks include environmental damage due to a company’s operations or an accident, changes in market sentiment toward infrastructure and terrorist acts. Infrastructure securities may also be highly illiquid investments.

Real Estate Investments Risk

An Underlying Fund may invest a portion of its assets in securities and credit instruments of companies in the real estate industry, which has historically experienced substantial price volatility. The value of companies engaged in the real estate industry is affected by (i) changes in general economic and market conditions; (ii) changes in the value of real estate properties; (iii) risks related to local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition; (iv) increases in property taxes and operating expenses; (v) changes in zoning laws; (vi) casualty and condemnation losses; (vii) variations in rental income, neighborhood values or the appeal of property to tenants; (viii) the availability of financing; and (ix) changes in interest rates and leverage. In addition, the availability of attractive financing and refinancing typically plays a critical role in the success of real estate investments. As a result, such investments are subject to credit risk because borrowers may be delinquent in payment or default. Borrower delinquency and default rates may be significantly higher than estimated. An Underlying Fund’s investment adviser’s assessment, or a rating agency’s assessment, of borrower credit quality may prove to be overly optimistic. The value of securities in this industry may go through cycles of relative under-performance and over-performance in comparison to equity securities markets in general.

An Underlying Fund’s investments in mortgage loans secured by real estate (including residential and commercial mortgage loans, non-agency mortgage loans and second-lien mortgage loans) will be subject to risks of delinquency, loss, taking title to collateral and bankruptcy of the borrower. The ability of a borrower to repay a loan secured by real estate is typically dependent primarily upon the successful operation of such property rather than upon the existence of independent income or assets of the borrower. If the net operating income of the property is reduced or is not increased, depending on the borrower’s business plan, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired. If a borrower defaults or declares bankruptcy and the underlying asset value is less than the loan amount, an Underlying Fund will suffer a loss.

In this manner, real estate values could impact the value of an Underlying Fund’s mortgage loan investments. Therefore, an Underlying Fund’s investments in mortgage loans will be subject to the risks typically associated with real estate. An Underlying Fund may invest in commercial real estate loans, which are secured by commercial property and are subject to risks of loss that may be greater than similar risks associated with loans made on the security of single-family residential property.

Legislative, regulatory and enforcement actions seeking to prevent or restrict foreclosures or providing forbearance relief to borrowers of residential mortgage loans may adversely affect the value of certain mortgage loan investments. Legislative or regulatory initiatives by federal, state or local legislative bodies or administrative agencies, if enacted or adopted, could delay foreclosure or the exercise of other remedies, provide new defenses to foreclosure, or otherwise impair the ability of the loan servicer to foreclose or realize on a defaulted mortgage loan. While the nature or extent of limitations on foreclosure or exercise of other remedies that may be enacted cannot be predicted, any such governmental actions that interfere with the foreclosure process or are designed to protect customers could increase the costs of such foreclosures or exercise of other remedies in respect of mortgage loans, delay the timing or reduce the amount of recoveries on defaulted mortgage loans held by an Underlying Fund, and consequently, could adversely impact the yields and distributions an Underlying Fund may receive in respect of its ownership of mortgage loans.

Real Assets Investments Risk

An Underlying Fund may invest a portion of its assets in securities and credit instruments associated with real assets, including infrastructure, digital infrastructure, datacenters, railcar, and aviation, which have historically experienced substantial price volatility. The value of companies engaged in these industries is affected by (i) changes in general economic and market conditions; (ii) changes in environmental, governmental and other regulations; (iii) risks related to local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition; (iv) increases in property taxes and operating expenses; (v) changes in zoning laws; (vi) casualty and condemnation losses; (vii) surplus capacity and depletion concerns; (viii) the availability of financing; and (ix) changes in interest rates and leverage. In addition, the availability of attractive financing and refinancing typically plays a critical role in the success of these investments. As a result, such investments are subject to credit risk because borrowers may be delinquent in payment or default. Borrower delinquency and default rates may be significantly higher than estimated. An Underlying Fund’s investment adviser’s assessment, or a rating agency’s assessment, of borrower credit quality may prove to be overly optimistic. The value of securities in these industries may go through cycles of relative under-performance and over-performance in comparison to equity securities markets in general.

Investments in Middle-Market Companies

Investments in middle-market companies such as those that an Underlying Fund may invest in, while often presenting greater opportunities for growth, may also entail larger risks than are customarily associated with investments in large companies. Middle-market companies may have more limited product lines, capitalization, markets and financial resources, and may be dependent on a smaller management group. As a result, such companies may be more vulnerable to general economic trends and to specific changes in markets and technology. In addition, future growth may be dependent on additional financing, which may not be available on acceptable terms when required. Furthermore, there is ordinarily a more limited marketplace for the sale of interests in smaller, private companies, which may make realizations of gains more difficult, by requiring sales to other private investors. In addition, the relative illiquidity of investments held by closed-end funds generally, and the somewhat greater illiquidity of closed-end fund investments in middle-market companies, could make it difficult for an Underlying Fund to react quickly to negative economic or political developments.

Investments in Less Established Companies

An Underlying Fund may invest a portion of its assets in the securities of less established companies. Certain of the investments may be in businesses with little or no operating history.

Investments in such early-stage growth companies may involve greater risks than are generally associated with investments in more established companies. To the extent there is any public market for the securities held by an Underlying Fund, such securities may be subject to more abrupt and erratic market price movements than those of larger, more established companies. Less established companies tend to have lower capitalizations and fewer resources and are, therefore, often more vulnerable to financial failure. Such companies also may have shorter operating histories on which to judge future performance and in many cases, if operating, will have negative cash flow. There can be no assurance that any such losses will be offset by gains (if any) realized on an Underlying Fund’s other investments. In addition, less mature companies could be deemed to be more susceptible to irregular accounting or other fraudulent practices.

In the event of fraud by any company in which an Underlying Fund invests, an Underlying Fund may suffer a partial or total loss of capital invested in that company.

An Underlying Fund may invest in issuers that: (i) have little or no operating history, (ii) offer services or products that are not yet ready to be marketed, (iii) are operating at a loss or have significant fluctuations in operating results, (iv) are engaged in a rapidly changing business or (v) need substantial additional capital to set up internal infrastructure, hire management and personnel, support expansion or achieve or maintain a competitive position. Such issuers may face intense competition, including competition from companies with greater financial resources, more extensive capabilities and a larger number of qualified managerial and technical personnel.

Restricted Securities Risk

An Underlying Fund may invest in restricted securities. Restricted securities are less liquid than securities traded in the open market because of statutory and contractual restrictions on resale. Such securities are, therefore, unlike securities that are traded in the open market, which can be expected to be sold immediately if the market is adequate. However, an Underlying Fund could sell such securities in privately negotiated transactions with a limited number of purchasers or in public offerings under the Securities Act. Convertible subordinated units of master limited partnerships convert to publicly-traded common units upon the passage of time and/or satisfaction of certain financial tests. Although the means by which convertible subordinated units convert into senior common units depend on a security’s specific terms, convertible subordinated units typically are exchanged for Common Stock. Restricted securities are subject to statutory and contractual restrictions on their public resale, which may make it more difficult to value them, may limit an Underlying Fund’s ability to dispose of them and may lower the amount an Underlying Fund could realize upon their sale. To enable an Underlying Fund to sell its holdings of a restricted security not registered under the Securities Act, an Underlying Fund may have to cause those securities to be registered. The expenses of registering restricted securities may be negotiated by an Underlying Fund with the issuer at the time an Underlying Fund buys the securities. When an Underlying Fund must arrange registration in order to sell the security, a considerable period may elapse between the time the decision is made to sell the security and the time the security is registered so that an Underlying Fund could sell it. An Underlying Fund would bear the risks of any downward price fluctuation during that period.

Limited Amortization Requirements

An Underlying Fund may invest in loans that have limited mandatory amortization requirements. While these loans may obligate an issuer to repay the loan out of asset sale proceeds, with annual excess cash flow or by refinancing upon maturity, repayment requirements may be subject to substantial limitations that would allow an issuer to retain such asset sale proceeds or cash flow, thereby extending the expected weighted average life of the investment. In addition, a low level of amortization of any debt over the life of the investment may increase the risk that an issuer will not be able to repay or refinance the loans held by an Underlying Fund when it matures.

Investments in Highly Leveraged Issuers

An Underlying Fund’s investments are expected to include investments in issuers whose capital structures have significant leverage (including substantial leverage senior to an Underlying Fund’s investments), a considerable portion of which may be at floating interest rates. The leveraged capital structure of such issuers will increase their exposure to adverse economic factors such as rising interest rates, downturns in the economy or further deteriorations in the financial condition of the issuer or its industry. This leverage may result in more serious adverse consequences to such companies (including their overall profitability or solvency) in the event these factors or events occur than would be the case for less leveraged issuers. In using leverage, these issuers may be subject to terms and conditions that include restrictive financial and operating covenants, which may impair their ability to finance or otherwise pursue their future operations or otherwise satisfy additional capital needs. Moreover, rising interest rates may significantly increase the issuers or project’s interest expense, or a significant industry downturn may affect a company’s ability to generate positive cash flow, in either case causing an inability to service outstanding debt. An Underlying Fund’s investments may be among the most junior financing in an issuer’s capital structure. In the event such issuer cannot generate adequate cash flow to meet debt obligations, the company may default on its loan agreements or be forced into bankruptcy resulting in a restructuring or liquidation of the company, and an Underlying Fund, particularly in light of the subordinated and/or unsecured position of an Underlying Fund’s investments, may suffer a partial or total loss of capital invested in the company, which could adversely affect the return of an Underlying Fund.

Non-Performing Investments

An Underlying Fund’s portfolio may include investments whose underlying collateral are “non-performing” and that are typically highly leveraged, with significant burdens on cash flow and, therefore, involve a high degree of financial risk. During an economic downturn or recession, securities of financially troubled or operationally troubled issuers are more likely to go into default than securities or instruments of other issuers. Securities or instruments of financially troubled issuers and operationally troubled issuers are less liquid and more volatile than securities or instruments of companies not experiencing financial difficulties. Investment, directly or indirectly in the financially and/or operationally troubled issuers involves a high degree of credit and market risk.

These difficulties may never be overcome and may cause borrowers to become subject to bankruptcy or other similar administrative proceedings. There is a possibility that an Underlying Fund may incur substantial or total losses on its investments and in certain circumstances, subject an Underlying Fund to certain additional potential liabilities that may exceed the value of an Underlying Fund’s original investment therein.

Payment-in-Kind (“PIK”) Income Risk

An Underlying Fund may hold investments that result in PIK income or PIK dividends. PIK income may have a negative impact on liquidity, as it represents a non-cash component of an Underlying Fund’s taxable income that may require cash distributions to stockholders in order to maintain an Underlying Fund’s ability to be subject to tax as a RIC. Similarly, all things being equal, the deferral associated with PIK income also increases the loan-to-value ratio at a compounding rate. The market prices of PIK securities generally are more volatile than the market prices of interest-bearing securities and are likely to respond to a greater degree to changes in interest rates than interest-bearing securities having similar maturities and credit quality. Because PIK income results in an increase in the size of the PIK securities held, an Underlying Fund’s exposure to potential losses increases when a security pays PIK income.

Status as Non-Diversified Investment Company

Certain Underlying Funds may be non-diversified investment companies within the meaning of the 1940 Act, and therefore such Underlying Funds are not limited with respect to the proportion of the Underlying Fund’s assets that may be invested in securities of a single issuer. To the extent that a non-diversified Underlying Fund assumes large positions in the securities of a small number of issuers, such Underlying Fund’s NAV may fluctuate to a greater extent than that of a diversified investment company as a result of changes in the financial condition or the market’s assessment of the issuer. A non-diversified Underlying Fund may also be more susceptible to any single economic or regulatory occurrence than a diversified investment company. A non-diversified Underlying Fund does not have fixed guidelines for diversification, and the Underlying Fund’s investments could be concentrated in relatively few Portfolio Companies.

Transportation Finance Risk

An Underlying Fund may invest in transportation finance-related instruments. The transportation finance sector is cyclical in nature and will likely be dependent upon continued economic growth in the world’s economies. Economic recessions, terrorism, pandemics, the price of fuel, and newer, more efficient vehicles are all risks to these types of investments. Further, funds operating in these sectors will often have greater portfolio concentration.

Consumer and Auto Loan Risk

An Underlying Fund may invest in consumer loans (or ABS backed by consumer loans), including debt consolidation loans, home improvement loans, personal loans, residential real estate investments, credit cards, and automobile loans. The performance of such investments are affected by, among other things, general economic conditions. Changes in economic conditions have adversely affected the performance and market value of such investments. Consumer loans are susceptible to prepayment risks and default risks. Unsecured consumer loans are not secured by any collateral of the borrowers. The repayment of unsecured consumer loans is dependent upon the ability and willingness of the borrowers to repay. Other consumer loans, like automobile loans, may be secured by collateral, but the value of that collateral is not guaranteed. Automobile loans are not typically insured or guaranteed by any other person or entity. Increases in unemployment, decreases in home values or the values of other consumer assets or lack of availability of credit may lead to increased default rates and may also be accompanied by decreased consumer demand for automobiles and declining values of automobiles securing outstanding automobile loan contracts, which weakens collateral coverage and increases the amount of a loss in the event of default. Significant increases in the inventory of used automobiles during periods of economic recession or otherwise may also depress the prices at which repossessed automobiles may be sold or delay the timing of these sales. The occurrence of any of any of the foregoing risks could, among other things, adversely affect the consumer loans (or the ABS backed by consumer loans) in which an Underlying Fund may invest.

Risks Related to Investing in Datacenters

An Underlying Fund may acquire assets related to datacenters. An Underlying Fund’s datacenter investments are subject to operating risks common to the datacenter industry, which include changes in tenant demands or preferences, a decline in the technology industry, such as a decrease in the use of mobile or web-based commerce, industry slowdowns, business layoffs or downsizing, relocation of businesses, increased costs of complying with existing or new government regulations and other factors; a downturn in the market for datacenter space generally such as oversupply of or reduced demand for space; increased competition, including from the datacenters’ tenants choosing to develop their own datacenters; and the rapid development of new technologies or the adoption of new industry standards that render the datacenters’ tenants’ current products and services or the datacenter facilities obsolete or unmarketable. To the extent that any of these or other adverse conditions occur, they are likely to impact market rents for, and cash flows from, an Underlying Fund’s datacenter investments, which could have a material adverse effect on an Underlying Fund.

Aircraft and Aviation Industry Risk

An Underlying Fund may acquire assets related to the aviation industry. Investments in securitizations and other financial instruments backed by aircraft and aircraft equipment are subject to a number of risks relating to the aviation industry including reduced leasing of aircraft and related equipment by commercial airlines and the commercial aviation industry generally, reduction in demand for any one aircraft or type of aircraft, the maintenance and operating history of the specific aircraft or components that back such securities, maintenance or performance issues with the model and type of aircraft that back such securities, and regulatory risk relating to the aviation industry. Adverse developments with respect to any of the foregoing may adversely affect the value of securities collateralized or otherwise backed by aircraft or aircraft equipment. In addition, the bankruptcy of the lessors or lessees of the aircraft or aircraft equipment that back such securities may complicate financial recoveries in connection with such securities and therefore have a negative impact on their value. Market events such as economic declines and recessions, geopolitical conflicts and the occurrence or threat of pandemics, terrorism or war may also have an adverse effect on the aviation industry generally and securities related to the same, especially when such market events cause declines in travel, increases in costs or future uncertainty for airlines, aircraft or the commercial aviation industry generally. For example, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, air travel substantially declined, and many airlines became dependent, at least in part, on government aid. There can be no assurance that future events will not have a negative impact on the aviation industry or securities collateralized or otherwise backed by aircraft or aircraft equipment.

Agricultural and Timber Company Risk

An Underlying Fund may invest its assets in securities issued by, or acquire assets related to, companies in the agriculture industry. Companies involved in the agriculture industry and farming- related activities may be affected by certain legislative or regulatory developments related to food safety, the environment, taxes and other governmental policies. Companies involved in the agriculture industry and farming-related activities may be subject to the risk of liability for environmental damage, depletion of resources and mandated expenditures for safety and pollution control devices. An increased competitive landscape, caused by increased availability of food and other agricultural commodities, economic recession or labor difficulties, may lead to a decrease in demand for products and services provided by companies involved in agriculture and farming-related activities. Furthermore, agricultural and farming-related activities are subject to risks associated with cyclicality of revenues and earnings, economic recession, currency fluctuations, changing consumer tastes, extensive competition, consolidation and excess capacity. Generally, companies involved in the agriculture industry and farming-related activities are affected by the economic health of consumers. As a result, a weak economy and its effect on consumer spending could adversely affect such companies. Timber companies may be affected by numerous factors, including events occurring in nature and international politics. For example, the volume and value of timber that can be harvested from timberlands may be limited by natural disasters and other events such as fire, volcanic eruptions, insect infestation, disease, ice storms, windstorms, flooding, other weather conditions and other causes. In periods of poor logging conditions, timber companies may harvest less timber than expected. Timber companies are subject to many federal, state and local environmental and health and safety laws and regulations. In addition, rising interest rates and general economic conditions may affect the demand for timber products.

Risks of Technology Financing.

An Underlying Fund may invest in and/or otherwise provide financing to a portfolio company focused on enterprise software solutions, including but not limited to business process automation, data management systems, cloud based applications and technology-enabled businesses targeting the middle market. Such portfolio companies are frequently in growth stage, but with a well-established value proposition.

The value of an Underlying Fund’s portfolio investment may decline if such a portfolio company is not able to evolve its technology, products, business concepts or services. Although portfolio companies will have defined value propositions and competitive moats at the time of an Underlying Fund’s investment, technology related products and services are subject to attrition of subscription risk in the absence of continued innovation and product investments versus other industries. Thus, the ultimate success of these companies often depends on their ability to continually develop their product offerings in increasingly competitive markets. If they are unable to do so, an Underlying Fund’s investment returns could be adversely affected.

Portfolio companies in which an Underlying Fund may invest may be unable to acquire or develop successful new applications due to, among others, liquidity constraints, competition, inadequate personnel, the intellectual property they currently hold not remaining viable and limited access to suppliers or manufacturers of necessary components or products. Even if such portfolio companies are able to develop commercially viable products, the market for new products and services is highly competitive and rapidly changing. Neither such portfolio companies nor an Underlying Fund will have any control over the pace of technology development.

The growth of certain technology sectors is impacted by new or changing regulatory matters, which may result in an Underlying Fund’s portfolio investments in such sectors being subject to requirements that necessitate additional investments in products or render existing products as less commercially valuable. In addition, litigation regarding intellectual property rights is common in the sectors of the technology industry on which an Underlying Fund intends to focus. Any of these factors could materially and adversely affect the operations of a portfolio company in this industry and, in turn, impair its ability to service its debt obligations to an Underlying Fund.

Need for Follow-On Investments

An Underlying Fund may be called upon to provide follow-on funding or additional loans for, or have the opportunity to increase its investment in, its portfolio companies. There can be no assurance that an Underlying Fund will be able to make or arrange for follow-on investments or loans or that an Underlying Fund will have sufficient funds to do so. Any decision not to make follow-on investments or loans or the inability to make them may have a substantial negative impact on a portfolio company in need of funds or may diminish an Underlying Fund’s proportionate ownership in such entity and thus its ability to influence the entity’s future conduct. The inability to make follow-on investments or loans may also impede, diminish or reduce the number of attractive investments made available to an Underlying Fund.

Litigation Risks

An Underlying Fund will be subject to a variety of litigation risks, particularly if one or more of its portfolio companies face financial or other difficulties. Legal disputes, involving any or all of an Underlying Fund, an Underlying Fund’s investment adviser, or their affiliates, may arise from an Underlying Fund’s activities and investments and could have a significant adverse effect on an Underlying Fund.

MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND

Board of Directors

The business and affairs of the Fund are managed under the direction of the Fund’s Board of Directors, including supervision of the duties performed by the Adviser. The Fund’s Board of Directors currently consists of eight directors. The Board of Directors consists of a majority of directors who are not “interested persons” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act. The Fund refers to these individuals as the Fund’s “Independent Directors.” The Board of Directors elects the Fund officers, who serve at the Board’s discretion, and are responsible for the day-to-day operations. Additional information regarding the Fund’s Board and its committees is set forth under “Management of the Fund” in the Fund’s SAI.

The Adviser

The Fund’s investment adviser is TCW Investment Management Company LLC (the “Adviser”) and is headquartered at 515 South Flower Street, Los Angeles, California 90071. The Adviser is registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. The Adviser was organized in 1987 as a wholly-owned subsidiary of The TCW Group, Inc. (“TCW”). As of [ ], 2025, the Adviser and its affiliated companies, which provide a variety of investment management and advisory services, had approximately $[ ] billion under management or committed to management.

Advisory Agreement

The Adviser, pursuant to the investment advisory and management agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”), and subject to the direction and supervision of the Fund’s Board of Directors and in conformity with applicable laws, the Fund’s charter, Bylaws, Registration Statement, Prospectus and stated investment objective, policies and restrictions, shall:

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Manage the investment of the Fund’s assets including, by way of illustration, the evaluation of pertinent economic, statistical, financial, and other data, the determination of the industries and companies to be represented in the Fund’s portfolio, the formulation and implementation of the Fund’s investment program, and the determination from time to time of the securities and other investments to be purchased, retained or sold by the Fund;

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Place orders for the purchase or sale of portfolio securities for the Fund’s account with broker-dealers selected by the Adviser;

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Administer the day-to-day operations of the Fund;

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Furnish to the Fund office space at such place as may be agreed upon from time to time, and all office facilities, business equipment, supplies, utilities and telephone services necessary for managing the affairs and investments and keeping the general accounts and records of the Fund that are not maintained by the Fund’s transfer agent, custodian, administrator or accounting or sub-accounting agent, and arrange for officers or employees of the Adviser to serve, without compensation from the Fund, as officers, directors or employees of the Fund, if desired and reasonably required by the Fund; and

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Pay such expenses as are incurred by it in connection with providing the foregoing services.

Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Fund assumes and shall pay or cause to be paid all expenses of the Fund, including, without limitation: (a) all costs and expenses incident to any public offering of securities of the Fund, for cash or otherwise, including those relating to the registration of its securities under the Securities Act and any qualification or notification of sale of its securities under state securities laws; (b) the charges and expenses of any custodian appointed by the Fund for the safekeeping of its cash, portfolio securities and other property; (c) the charges and expenses of independent accountants; (d) the charges and expenses of stock transfer and dividend disbursing agent or agents and registrar or registrars appointed by the Fund; (e) the charges and expenses of any administrator or accounting or sub-accounting agent appointed by the Fund to provide accounting or administration services to the Fund; (f) brokerage commissions, dealer spreads, and other costs incurred in connection with proposed or consummated portfolio securities transactions; (g) all taxes, including securities issuance and transfer taxes, and corporate fees payable by the Fund to federal, state, local or other governmental agencies; (h) the cost and expense of engraving printing and issuing certificates representing securities of the Fund; (i) fees involved in registering and maintaining registrations of the Fund and of its securities with the Securities and Exchange Commission and in various state and other jurisdictions; (j) all expenses of stockholders and directors meetings, and of preparing, printing and mailing proxy statements and reports to stockholders; (k) fees and expenses of directors of the Fund who are not “affiliated persons” of the Adviser; (l) all fees and expenses incident to any dividend reinvestment or distribution program; (m) charges and expenses of legal counsel to the “independent directors” of the Fund; (n) trade association dues; (o) interest payable on Fund borrowings; (p) any public relations or stockholder relations expense; (q) fees and expenses incident to the listing of securities of the Fund on any securities exchange; (r) premiums for a fidelity bond and any errors and omissions insurance maintained by the Fund; and (s) any other ordinary or extraordinary expenses incurred by the Fund in the course of its business.

As compensation for the investment advisory services rendered, facilities provided, and expenses borne, the Adviser is paid a monthly fee by the Fund computed at the annual rate of [ ]% of the first $100 million of the Fund’s average Managed Assets and [ ]% of the Fund’s average Managed Assets in excess of $100 million. For the purpose of calculating such fee, the value of Managed Assets for a month shall be the average of the values of the Fund’s Managed Assets as determined on the last Business Day of each week which ends during the month. If this agreement shall become effective subsequent to the first day of a month, or shall terminate before the last day of a month, the foregoing compensation shall be prorated. As used in the Advisory Agreement, “Managed Assets” shall mean the net asset value of Common Stock, plus the liquidation preference of any preferred shares issued by the Fund and the principal amount of any borrowings of the Fund used for leverage.

The Fund (either by vote of its Board of Directors or by vote of a “majority of the outstanding voting securities” of the Fund) may, at any time and without payment of any penalty, terminate the Advisory Agreement upon sixty days’ written notice to the Adviser; the Advisory Agreement shall automatically and immediately terminate in the event of its “assignment;” and the Adviser may terminate the Advisory Agreement without payment of any penalty on ninety days’ written notice to the Fund.

A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Directors approving the Advisory Agreement for the Fund is available in the Fund’s annual report for the period ended December 31, 2024.

Portfolio Managers

Jerry Cudzil, Ruben Hovhannisyan, CFA, and Bryan T. Whalen, CFA are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s assets. The below table provides information about their current positions with the Fund and their past business experience.


Individual & Position	Since	Past Business Experience
Jerry Cudzil Generalist Portfolio Manager	2023	Generalist Portfolio Manager since 2023. Previously, Head of Credit Trading since 2012.

Ruben Hovhannisyan, CFA Generalist Portfolio Manager	2023	Generalist Portfolio Manager since 2023. Previously, Specialist Portfolio Manager, since 2015.

Bryan T. Whalen, CFA Generalist Portfolio Manager	2009	Generalist Portfolio Manager since December 2009.

The Fund’s SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers’ compensation structure, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers and the portfolio managers’ ownership of securities in the Fund.

Custodian and Administrator

State Street Bank & Trust Company acts as the custodian and administrator to the Fund. See “Custodian and Administrator.”

Transfer Agent and Dividend-Paying Agent

Computershare acts as the Fund’s transfer agent and dividend-paying agent. See “Transfer Agent and Dividend-Paying Agent.”

NET ASSET VALUE

The net asset value per share (“NAV”) of the Fund’s Common Stock is determined by dividing the total value of the Fund’s portfolio investments and other assets, less any liabilities, by the total number of shares outstanding. Fund shares are valued as of a particular time (the “Valuation Time”) on each Business Day that the NYSE is open for trading. The Valuation Time is ordinarily at the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) (the “NYSE Close”). In unusual circumstances, the Board of Directors may determine that the Valuation Time shall be as of 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, notwithstanding an earlier, unscheduled close or halt of trading on the NYSE.

For purposes of calculating NAV, the Fund’s investments for which market quotations are readily available are valued at market value. Market values for various types of securities and other instruments are determined on the basis of closing prices or last sales prices on an exchange or other market, or based on quotes or other market information obtained from quotation reporting systems, established market makers or pricing services. Short-term investments having a maturity of 60 days or less are generally valued at amortized cost.

If market quotations are not readily available (including in cases where available market quotations are deemed to be unreliable), the Fund’s investments will be valued at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to policies and procedures approved by the Board of Directors (so called “fair value pricing”). Fair value pricing may require subjective determinations about the value of a security or other asset, and fair values used to determine the Fund’s NAV may differ from quoted or published prices, or from prices that are used by others, for the same investments. Also, the use of fair value pricing may not always result in adjustments to the prices of securities or other assets held by the Fund.

The Fund may determine that market quotations are not readily available due to events relating to a single issuer (e.g., corporate actions or announcements) or events relating to multiple issuers (e.g., governmental actions or natural disasters). The Fund may determine the fair value of investments based on information provided by pricing services and other third-party vendors, which may recommend fair value prices or adjustments with reference to other securities, indices or assets. In considering whether fair value pricing is required and in determining fair values, the Fund may, among other things, consider significant events (which may be considered to include changes in the value of U.S. securities or securities indices) that occur after the close of the relevant market and before the Valuation Time. The Fund may use modeling tools provided by third-party vendors to determine fair values of certain non-U.S. securities.

For purposes of calculating NAV, the Fund normally uses pricing data for domestic equity securities received shortly after the NYSE Close and does not normally take into account trading, clearances or settlements that take place after the NYSE Close. Domestic fixed income and non-U.S. securities are normally priced using data reflecting the earlier closing of the principal markets for those securities, subject to possible fair value adjustments. Information that becomes known to the Fund or its agents after NAV has been calculated on a particular day will not generally be used to retroactively adjust the price of a security or NAV determined earlier that day.

Investments initially valued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are converted to U.S. dollars using exchange rates obtained from pricing services. As a result, NAV of the Fund’s shares may be affected by changes in the value of currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar. The value of investments traded in markets outside the United States or denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar may be affected significantly on a day that the NYSE is closed. The calculation of the Fund’s NAV may not take place contemporaneously with the determination of the prices of non-U.S. securities used in NAV calculations.

In unusual circumstances, instead of valuing securities in the usual manner, the Fund may value securities at fair value as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors, generally based upon recommendations provided by the Adviser. Fair valuation also may be required due to material events that occur after the close of the relevant market but prior to the NYSE Close.

DISTRIBUTIONS

Distributions to stockholders are recorded on each ex-dividend date. The Fund declares and pays or reinvests dividends quarterly under an income-based distribution policy. The income-based distribution policy has a stated goal of providing quarterly distributions out of the Fund’s accumulated undistributed net investment income and/or other sources subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act and Sub-chapter M of the Code. The source for the dividend can come from net investment income and net realized capital gains measured on a fiscal year basis. Any portion of the distribution that exceeds income and capital gains will be treated as a return of capital. Under certain conditions, U.S. Treasury regulations cause some or all of the amount of distributions that exceeds income and capital gains generally to be taxed as ordinary income. Income and capital gain distributions are determined in accordance with income tax Treasury regulations which may differ from GAAP. These differences may be primarily due to differing treatments for market discount and premium, losses recognized on structured debt, losses deferred due to wash sales, foreign currency gains and losses, and spillover distributions. Permanent book and tax basis differences relating to stockholder distributions will result in reclassifications to paid-in capital and may affect net investment income per share.

Distribution policies are a matter of Board discretion and may be modified or terminated at any time without prior notice. Any such change or termination may have an adverse effect on the market price for the Fund’s shares. You should not draw any conclusions about the Fund’s investment performance from the amount of the quarterly distribution or from the terms of the Fund’s distribution policy.

RIGHTS OFFERINGS

The Fund may in the future, and at its discretion, choose to make offerings of rights to its stockholders to purchase shares of Common Stock. Rights may be issued independently or together with any other offered security and may or may not be transferable by the person purchasing or receiving the rights. In connection with a rights offering to stockholders, we would distribute certificates or other documentation (i.e., rights cards distributed in lieu of certificates) evidencing the rights and a Prospectus Supplement to our stockholders as of the record date that we set for determining the stockholders eligible to receive rights in such rights offering. Any such future rights offering will be made in accordance with the 1940 Act. Under the laws of Maryland, the Board is authorized to approve rights offerings without obtaining stockholder approval.

The staff of the SEC has interpreted the 1940 Act as not requiring stockholder approval of a transferable rights offering to purchase shares of Common Stock at a price below the then current NAV so long as certain conditions are met, including: (i) a good faith determination by a fund’s board that such offering would result in a net benefit to existing stockholders; (ii) the offer fully protects stockholders’ preemptive rights and does not discriminate among stockholders (except for the possible effect of not offering fractional rights); (iii) management uses its best efforts to ensure an adequate trading market in the rights for use by stockholders who do not exercise such rights; and (iv) the ratio of a transferable rights offering does not exceed one new share for each three rights held.

The applicable Prospectus Supplement would describe the following terms of the rights in respect of which this Prospectus is being delivered:

•

the period of time the offer would remain open;

•

the underwriter or distributor, if any, of the rights and any associated underwriting fees or discounts applicable to purchases of the rights;

•

the title of such rights;

•

the exercise price for such rights (or method of calculation thereof);

•

the number of such rights issued in respect of each share of Common Stock;

•

the number of rights required to purchase a single share of Common Stock;

•

the extent to which such rights are transferable and the market on which they may be traded if they are transferable;

•

if applicable, a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the issuance or exercise of such rights;

•

the date on which the right to exercise such rights will commence, and the date on which such right will expire (subject to any extension);

•

the extent to which such rights include an over-subscription privilege with respect to unsubscribed securities and the terms of such over-subscription privilege; and

•

termination rights we may have in connection with such rights offering.

A certain number of rights would entitle the holder of the right(s) to purchase for cash such number of Common Stock at such exercise price as in each case is set forth in, or be determinable as set forth in, the Prospectus Supplement relating to the rights offered thereby. Rights would be exercisable at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date for such rights set forth in the Prospectus Supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, all unexercised rights would become void. Upon expiration of the rights offering and the receipt of payment and the rights certificate or other appropriate documentation properly executed and completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the rights agent, or any other office indicated in the Prospectus Supplement, the Common Stock purchased as a result of such exercise will be issued as soon as practicable. To the extent permissible under applicable law, we may determine to offer any unsubscribed offered securities directly to persons other than stockholders, to or through agents, underwriters or dealers or through a combination of such methods, as set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.

CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX MATTERS

The following is (i) a description of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of Common Stock and (ii) a description of some of the important U.S. federal income tax considerations affecting the Fund. The discussion below provides general tax information related to an investment in Common Stock, but this discussion does not purport to be a complete description of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in such securities. It is based on the Code, Treasury regulations and administrative pronouncements, all as of the date hereof, any of which is subject to change or differing interpretation, possibly with retroactive effect. In addition, it does not describe all of the tax consequences that may be relevant in light of a Common Stockholder’s particular circumstances, including alternative minimum tax consequences and tax consequences applicable to Common Stockholders subject to special tax rules, such as certain financial institutions; dealers or traders in securities who use a mark-to-market method of tax accounting; persons holding shares of Common Stock as part of a hedging transaction, wash sale, conversion transaction or integrated transaction or persons entering into a constructive sale with respect to the shares of Common Stock; entities classified as partnerships or other pass-through entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes; real estate investment trusts; insurance companies; U.S. holders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar; or tax-exempt entities, including “individual retirement accounts” or “Roth IRAs.” Unless otherwise noted, the following discussion applies only to a person that holds shares of Common Stock as a capital asset and is a U.S. holder. A “U.S. holder” is a holder who, for U.S. federal income tax

purposes, is a beneficial owner of Common Stock, as applicable and is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; (ii) a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state therein or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or (iv) a trust if it (x) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (y) has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. Tax laws are complex and often change, and Common Stockholders should consult their tax advisors about the U.S. federal, state, local or non-U.S. tax consequences of an investment in the Fund. For more information, please see the section of the SAI entitled “Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Matters.”

The Fund

The Fund has elected to be treated as, and intends to continue to qualify in each taxable year as, a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. Assuming the Fund so qualifies and satisfies certain distribution requirements, the Fund generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on income distributed (including amounts that are reinvested pursuant to the Plan) in a timely manner to its stockholders in the form of dividends or capital gain distributions. If the Fund retains any net capital gains for reinvestment, it may elect to treat such capital gains as having been distributed to its stockholders. If the Fund makes such an election, each Common Stockholder will be required to report its share of such undistributed net capital gain as long-term capital gain and will be entitled to claim its share of the U.S. federal income taxes paid by the Fund on such undistributed net capital gain as a credit against its own U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, and to claim a refund on a properly-filed U.S. federal income tax return to the extent that the credit exceeds such liability. In addition, each Common Stockholder will be entitled to increase the adjusted tax basis of its Common Stock by the difference between its share of such undistributed net capital gain and the related credit. There can be no assurance that the Fund will make this election if it retains all or a portion of its net capital gain for a taxable year.

To qualify as a RIC for any taxable year, the Fund must, among other things, satisfy both an income test and an asset test for such taxable year. Specifically, (i) at least 90% of the Fund’s gross income for such taxable year must consist of dividends; interest; payments with respect to certain securities loans; gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies; other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies; and net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (such income, “Qualifying RIC Income”) and (ii) the Fund’s holdings must be diversified so that, at the end of each quarter of such taxable year, (a) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is represented by cash and cash items (including receivables), securities of other RICs, U.S. Government Securities and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer and (b) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is invested (x) in securities (other than U.S. Government Securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, (y) in securities (other than securities of other RICs) of two or more issuers that the Fund controls (by owning 20% or more of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer) and that are engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses or (z) in the securities of one or more “qualified publicly traded partnerships.” The Fund’s share of income derived from a partnership other than a “qualified publicly traded partnership” will be treated as Qualifying RIC Income only to the extent that such income would have constituted Qualifying RIC Income if derived directly by the Fund. A “qualified publicly traded partnership” is generally defined as an entity that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes if (i) interests in such entity are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof and (ii) less than 90% of its gross income for the relevant taxable year consists of Qualifying RIC Income. The Code provides that the Treasury Department may by regulation exclude from Qualifying RIC Income foreign currency gains that are not directly related to the RIC’s principal business of investing in stock or securities (or options and futures with respect to stock or securities). The Fund anticipates that, in general, its foreign currency gains will be directly related to its principal business of investing in stock and securities.

Owning and Disposing of Common Stock

Distributions of the Fund’s ordinary income and net short-term capital gains will generally be taxable to the Common Stockholders as ordinary income to the extent such distributions are paid out of the Fund’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Properly reported distributions or deemed distributions, if any, of net capital gains will be taxable as long-term capital gains, regardless of the length of time the Common Stockholder has owned shares of Common Stock. Properly reported distributions made to a non-corporate Common Stockholder out of “qualified dividend income,” if any, received by the Fund will be subject to tax at reduced maximum rates, provided that the Common Stockholder meets certain holding period and other requirements with respect to its Common Stock. A distribution of an amount in excess of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated by a Common Stockholder as a return of capital that will be applied against and reduce the Common Stockholder’s basis in its shares of Common Stock (but not below zero). To the extent that the amount of any such distribution exceeds the Common Stockholder’s basis in its shares of Common Stock, the excess will be treated as gain from a sale or exchange of the shares of Common Stock. Distributions will be treated in the manner described above regardless of whether such distributions are paid in cash or invested in additional shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Plan.

A Common Stockholder may recognize a capital gain or loss on the sale or other disposition of shares of Common Stock. The amount of the gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the amount realized and the Common Stockholder’s adjusted tax basis in the relevant shares of Common Stock. Such gain or loss generally will be a long-term gain or loss if the Common Stockholder’s holding period for such shares of Common Stock is more than one (1) year. Under current law, net capital gains recognized by non-corporate Common Stockholders are generally subject to reduced rates. Losses realized by a Common Stockholder on the sale or exchange of shares of Common Stock held for six months or less will be treated as long-term capital losses to the extent of any distribution of long-term capital gain received (or deemed received, as discussed above) with respect to such shares of Common Stock. In addition, no loss will be allowed on a sale or other disposition of shares of Common Stock if the Common Stockholder acquires (including pursuant to the Plan) shares of Common Stock within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the securities acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.

An additional 3.8% tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from the Fund and net gains from the sale or other taxable dispositions of Common Stock) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds certain threshold amounts.

Non-U.S. Common Stockholders

If a Common Stockholder not a “U.S. person”,, as defined in the Code for U.S. federal income tax purposes (a “non-U.S. Common Stockholder”) whose ownership of shares of Common Stock is not “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business, ordinary income dividends distributed to such non-U.S. Common Stockholder by the Fund will generally be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at a rate of 30% (or a lower rate under an applicable treaty). Net capital gain dividends distributed by the Fund to a non-U.S. Common Stockholder whose ownership of shares of Common Stock is not “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business and who is not an individual present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year will generally not be subject to U.S. withholding tax. For a more detailed discussion of the tax consequences of the ownership of shares of Common Stock by a non-U.S. Common Stockholder, please see the discussion in the SAI under “Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Matters — Non-U.S. Common Stockholders.”

If a Common Stockholder does not provide the applicable payor with its correct taxpayer identification number and any required certifications, such Common Stockholder may be subject to backup withholding on the distributions it receives (or is deemed to receive) from the Fund. Backup withholding will not, however, be applied to payments that have been subject to the 30% withholding tax applicable to non-U.S. Common Stockholders.

In addition, the Fund is required to withhold U.S. tax (at a 30% rate) on payments of taxable dividends made to certain non-U.S. entities that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with extensive reporting and withholding requirements designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of U.S.-owned non-U.S. investment accounts (“FATCA”). Under proposed Treasury regulations, which may be relied upon by taxpayers until final Treasury regulations are published, there is no FATCA withholding on gross proceeds from a sale or disposition of Fund shares and on capital gain distributions from a RIC, such as the Fund. To avoid withholding, foreign financial institutions will need to (i) enter into agreements with the IRS that state that they will provide the IRS information, including the names, addresses and taxpayer identification numbers of direct and indirect U.S. account holders, comply with due diligence procedures with respect to the identification of U.S. accounts, report to the IRS certain information with respect to U.S. accounts maintained, agree to withhold tax on certain payments made to non-compliant foreign financial institutions or to account holders who fail to provide the required information, and determine certain other information as to their account holders, or (ii) in the event that an applicable intergovernmental agreement and implementing legislation are adopted, comply with such intergovernmental agreement and its implementing legislation and provide local revenue authorities with similar account holder information. Other non-U.S. entities will need to either provide the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner or certifications of no substantial U.S. ownership unless certain exceptions apply. Under some circumstances, a non-U.S. stockholder may be eligible for refunds or credits of such taxes. If a payment by the Fund is subject to FATCA withholding, the Fund is required to withhold even if such payment would otherwise be exempt from withholding under the rules applicable to non-U.S. Common Stockholders.

Each prospective investor is urged to consult its tax adviser regarding the applicability of FATCA and any other reporting requirements with respect to the prospective investor’s own situation, including investments through an intermediary.

THE FUND’S STRUCTURE; SHARE REPURCHASES AND CHANGE IN STRUCTURE

The Fund, which was incorporated under the laws of the State of Maryland on January 13, 1987, is authorized to issue [ ] shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share. The shares of Common Stock have no preemptive, conversion, exchange or redemption rights. Each share has equal voting, dividend, distribution and liquidation rights. The shares outstanding are fully paid and non-assessable. Stockholders are entitled to one vote per share. All voting rights for the election of directors are non-cumulative.

Repurchase of Shares

The Fund does not expect to consider the repurchase of any of its shares except at a price below net asset value.

Anti-Takeover Provisions of the Charter

The Fund has provisions in its charter that could have the effect of limiting the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund, to cause it to engage in certain transactions or to modify its structure. The affirmative vote or consent of the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Fund is required to authorize any of the following actions: (1) merger or consolidation of the Fund with an open-end investment company; (2) merger or consolidation with a closed-end investment company unless such company’s charter has the same voting requirements; (3) dissolution of the Fund; (4) sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Fund; or (5) amendment to the charter of the Fund which makes the Common Stock a redeemable security (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) or which reduces the two-thirds vote required to authorize the actions in (1) through (5) hereof.

DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN

Stockholders who wish to add to their investment may do so by making an election to participate in the Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the “Plan”). Under the Plan, your dividend is used to purchase Fund shares on the open market whenever shares, including the related sales commission, are selling below the Fund’s net asset value per share. You will be charged a pro-rata portion of brokerage commissions on open-market purchases under the Plan. If the market price, including commission, of Fund shares is above the Fund’s net asset value per share, you will receive shares at a price equal to the higher of the Fund’s net asset value per share on the payment date or 95% of the closing market price of Fund shares on the payment date. Generally, for tax purposes, stockholders participating in the Plan will be treated as having received a distribution from the Fund in cash equal to the value of the shares purchased from them under the Plan.

To enroll in the Plan, if your shares are registered in your name, write to Computershare, P.O. Box 43078, Providence, RI 02940, or call toll free at (866) 227-8179. If your shares are held by a brokerage firm, please call your broker. If you participate in the Plan through a broker, you may not be able to transfer your shares to another broker and continue to participate in the Plan if your new broker does not permit such participation. If you no longer want to participate in the Plan, please contact Computershare or your broker. You may elect to continue to hold shares previously purchased on your behalf or to sell your shares and receive the proceeds, net of any brokerage commissions. If you need additional information or assistance, please call the Fund’s investor relations department at (877) 829-4768 or visit the Fund’s website at www.TCW.com. As always, the Fund would be pleased to accommodate your investment needs.

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE

The following is a brief description of the capital structure of the Fund. This description does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the charter, as amended and restated through the date hereof (the “Charter”).

The Fund was incorporated under the laws of the State of Maryland on January 13, 1987 and is authorized to issue 75,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share.

The following table shows the amount of shares of Common Stock authorized and outstanding as of, [], 2025.

Title of Class

Amount Authorized

Amount

Outstanding

Shares of Common Stock

75,000,000

[

]

The Fund’s shares are listed and trade on the NYSE under the trading or “ticker” symbol “TSI.” As of the close of trading on the NYSE on [ ], 2025, the NAV per share of Common Stock was $[ ], and the closing price per share of Common Stock on the NYSE was $[ ].

The Fund will send unaudited reports at least semiannually and audited financial statements annually to all of its stockholders.

CUSTODIAN AND ADMINISTRATOR

State Street Bank & Trust Company (“State Street” or the “Administrator”), provides certain administrative services for the Fund’s, including but not limited to preparing and maintaining books, records, and tax and financial reports, and monitoring

compliance with regulatory requirements. The Administrator is located at One Congress Street, Suite 1, Boston, Massachusetts 02114. State Street also acts as the Fund’s custodian.

TRANSFER AGENT AND DIVIDEND-PAYING AGENT

Computershare acts as the Fund’s transfer agent and dividend-paying agent. Please send all correspondence to P.O. Box 43078, Providence, Rhode Island 02940. For its services, Computershare receives a fixed fee per account. The Fund will reimburse Computershare for certain out-of-pocket expenses, which may include payments by Computershare to entities, including affiliated entities that provide sub-stockholder services, recordkeeping and/or transfer agency services to the Fund’s beneficial owners. The amount of reimbursements for these services per benefit plan participant fund account per year will not exceed the per account fee payable by the Fund to Computershare in connection with maintaining stockholder accounts.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

[We may sell Common Stock, including to existing stockholders in a rights offering, through underwriters or dealers, directly to one or more purchasers (including existing stockholders in a rights offering), through agents, to or through underwriters or dealers, or through a combination of any such methods of sale. The applicable Prospectus Supplement will identify any underwriter or agent involved in the offer and sale of our Common Stock, any sales loads, discounts, commissions, fees or other compensation paid to any underwriter, dealer or agent, the offer price, net proceeds and use of proceeds and the terms of any sale. In the case of a rights offering, the applicable Prospectus Supplement will set forth the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of each right and the other terms of such rights offering.

The distribution of our Common Stock may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, at prevailing market prices at the time of sale, at prices related to such prevailing market prices, or at negotiated prices. Sales of our Common Stock may be made in transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, including sales made directly on the NYSE or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange.

We may sell Common Stock directly to, and solicit offers from, institutional investors or others who may be deemed to be underwriters as defined in the Securities Act for any resales of the securities. In this case, no underwriters or agents would be involved. The Fund may use electronic media, including the Internet, to sell offered securities directly.

In connection with the sale of our Common Stock, underwriters or agents may receive compensation from us in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions. Underwriters may sell our Common Stock to or through dealers, and such dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agents. Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of our Common Stock may be deemed to be underwriters under the Securities Act, and any discounts and commissions they receive from us and any profit realized by them on the resale of our Common Stock may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. Any such underwriter or agent will be identified and any such compensation received from us will be described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. The maximum amount of compensation to be received by any Financial Industry Regulatory Authority member or independent broker-dealer will not exceed eight percent for the sale of any securities being offered pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act. We will not pay any compensation to any underwriter or agent in the form of warrants, options, consulting or structuring fees or similar arrangements.

If a Prospectus Supplement so indicates, we may grant the underwriters an option to purchase additional Common Stock at the public offering price, less the underwriting discounts and commissions, within 45 days from the date of the Prospectus Supplement, to cover any over-allotments.

Under agreements into which we may enter, underwriters, dealers and agents who participate in the distribution of our Common Stock may be entitled to indemnification by us against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. Underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in transactions with us, or perform services for us, in the ordinary course of business.

If so indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, we will ourselves, or will authorize underwriters or other persons acting as our agents to solicit offers by certain institutions to purchase our Common Stock from us pursuant to contracts providing for payment and delivery on a future date. Institutions with which such contacts may be made include commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies, educational and charitable institutions and others, but in all cases such institutions must be approved by us. The obligation of any purchaser under any such contract will be subject to the condition that the purchase of the Common Stock shall not at the time of delivery be prohibited under the laws of the jurisdiction to which such purchaser is subject. The underwriters and such other agents will not have any responsibility in respect of the validity or performance of such contracts. Such contracts will be subject only to those conditions set forth in the Prospectus Supplement, and the Prospectus Supplement will set forth the commission payable for solicitation of such contracts.

To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, the underwriters may from time to time act as brokers or dealers and receive fees in connection with the execution of our portfolio transactions after the underwriters have ceased to be underwriters and, subject to certain restrictions, each may act as a broker while it is an underwriter.

A Prospectus and accompanying Prospectus Supplement in electronic form may be made available on the websites maintained by underwriters. The underwriters may agree to allocate a number of securities for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Such allocations of securities for Internet distributions will be made on the same basis as other allocations. In addition, securities may be sold by the underwriters to securities dealers who resell securities to online brokerage account holders.

In order to comply with the securities laws of certain states, if applicable, our Common Stock offered hereby will be sold in such jurisdictions only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers.

LEGAL OPINIONS

Certain legal matters in connection with the securities offered hereby will be passed on for the Fund by Ropes & Gray LLP, Boston, Massachusetts. Ropes & Gray LLP may rely as to certain matters of Maryland law on the opinion of [ ].

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and the semi-annual report for the six-month period ended June 30, 2025, incorporated by reference in the SAI have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of [ ] (“[ ]”), an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting. The principal place of business of [ ] is located at [ ]. [ ] provides audit services, and tax return preparation with respect to the preparation of filings with the SEC.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

The Prospectus and the SAI do not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement that the Fund has filed with the SEC (File No. 811-04980) and available at www.sec.gov. The SAI can be obtained without charge by calling 1-800-FUND-TCW (1-800-386-3829).

Statements contained in this Prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other documents referred to are not necessarily complete, and, in each instance, reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this Prospectus forms a part, each such statement being qualified in all respects by such reference. To the extent they would be material to an investor’s decision to invest in the offer, the terms of any such contract or other document are described in the Prospectus or will be described in the Prospectus Supplement thereto.

TABLE OF CONTENTS OF THE FUND’S STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION


	Page
The Fund		2

Investment Objective and Policies		2

Investment Restrictions		28

Management of the Fund		29

Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage Allocation		43

Descriptions of Common Stock		45

Repurchase of Common Stock		46

Tax Matters		46

Proxy Voting Policy and Proxy Voting Record		53

Financial Statements		56

Legal Counsel		56

Additional Information		56

Appendix A—Description of S&P and Moody’s Ratings		A-1

Appendix B—Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures		B-1

The information in this statement of additional information is not complete and may be changed. The Fund may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Subject to Completion Dated August 8, 2025

TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc.

Statement of Additional Information

TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc. (the “Fund”) is a diversified, closed-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The Fund’s investment objective is to seek a total return comprised of current income and capital appreciation.

This Statement of Additional Information (the “SAI”) relating to shares of common stock of the Fund (“Common Stock”) is not a prospectus and is authorized for distribution to prospective investors only if preceded or accompanied by the prospectus for the Fund dated [ ], 2025, as supplemented from time to time, which is incorporated herein by reference. This SAI should be read in conjunction with such prospectus, a copy of which may be obtained without charge by contacting your financial intermediary or by calling the Fund at 1-800-FUND-TCW (1-800-386-3829). You may also obtain a copy of the prospectus on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (the “SEC”) website (http://www.sec.gov).

Capitalized terms used but not defined in this SAI have the meanings ascribed to them in the prospectus.

THIS STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IS DATED [ ], 2025.

TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION


The Fund			2

Investment Objective and Policies			2

Investment Restrictions			28

Management of the Fund			29

Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage Allocation			43

Descriptions of Common Stock			45

Repurchase of Common Stock			46

Tax Matters			46

Proxy Voting Policy and Proxy Voting Record			53

Financial Statements			56

Legal Counsel			56

Additional Information			56

Appendix A—Description of S&P and Moody’s Ratings			A-1

Appendix B—Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures			B-1

THE FUND

TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc. is a closed-end, diversified, management investment company registered under the 1940 Act. Fund was incorporated in Maryland on January 13, 1987 and commenced operations on March 5, 1987.

The shares of Common Stock of the Fund are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “TSI.” As of [ ], 2025, the Fund has [ ] shares of Common Stock outstanding.

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES

The Fund’s investment objective is to seek a total return comprised of current income and capital appreciation. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.

Depending on current market conditions and the Fund’s outlook over time, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objectives by investing in a wide range of securities, including securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities (“U.S. Government Securities”), investment-grade corporate debt securities, high-yield debt securities, mortgage related securities, asset-backed securities, marketable small-, mid- and large-capitalization equity securities, convertible securities, money market securities, repurchase agreements, other securities and derivative instruments.

Mortgage-Backed and Other Asset-Backed Securities

Mortgage-related securities are interests in pools of residential or commercial mortgage loans, including mortgage loans made by savings and loan institutions, mortgage bankers, commercial banks and others. Such mortgage loans may include reperforming loans (“RPLs”), which are loans that have previously been delinquent but are current at the time securitized. Pools of mortgage loans are assembled as securities for sale to investors by various governmental, government-related and private organizations. The Fund may invest in a variety of mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities (“ABS”) issued by government agencies or other governmental entities or by private originators or issuers.

The mortgage-related securities in which the Fund may invest include, without limitation, mortgage pass-through securities, collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”), commercial or residential mortgage-backed securities, mortgage dollar rolls/buy backs, CMO residuals, stripped mortgage- backed securities (“SMBS”) and other securities that directly or indirectly represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property. The Fund may also invest in other types of ABS, including collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), which include collateralized bond obligations (“CBOs”), collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) and other similarly structured securities. The mortgage-related securities in which the Fund may invest may pay variable or fixed rates of interest.

Through investments in mortgage-related securities, including those that are issued by private issuers, the Fund may have exposure to subprime loans as well as to the mortgage and credit markets generally. Private issuers include commercial banks, savings associations, mortgage companies, investment banking firms, finance companies and special purpose finance entities (called special purpose vehicles or SPVs) and other entities that acquire and package mortgage loans for resale as mortgage-related securities.

Mortgage Pass-Through Securities. Interests in pools of mortgage-related securities differ from other forms of debt securities, since debt securities normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates. Instead, mortgage-related securities provide a monthly payment that consists of both interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a “pass-through” of the monthly payments made by individual borrowers on their residential or commercial mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Additional payments are caused by prepayments of principal resulting from the sale of the underlying property, refinancing, or foreclosure, net of fees or costs that may be incurred. These differences can result in significantly greater price and yield volatility than is the case with traditional fixed income or debt securities. The timing and level of prepayments is unpredictable. A predominant factor affecting the prepayment rate on a pool of mortgage loans is the difference between the interest rates on outstanding mortgage loans and prevailing mortgage loan interest rates. Generally, prepayments on mortgage loans will increase during a period of falling mortgage interest rates and decrease during a period of rising mortgage interest rates. Accordingly, the amounts of prepayments available for reinvestment by the Fund are likely to be greater during a period of declining mortgage interest rates. When the Fund reinvests the proceeds of a prepayment in these circumstances, it will likely receive a rate of interest that is lower than the rate on the security that was prepaid. To the extent that the Fund purchases asset-backed securities at a premium, prepayments may result in a loss to the extent of the premium paid. If the Fund

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buys such securities at a discount, both scheduled payments and unscheduled prepayments should increase current income and total returns and unscheduled prepayments will also accelerate the recognition of income which, when distributed to stockholders, will be taxable as ordinary income. In a period of rising interest rates, prepayments of the underlying assets may occur at a slower-than-expected rate, with the result that the average life of mortgage pass-through securities held by the Fund may be lengthened (maturity extension risk). This particular risk may effectively change a security that was considered short- or intermediate-term at the time of purchase into a longer-term security. Since the value of longer-term securities generally fluctuates more widely in response to changes in interest rates than does the value of shorter term securities, maturity extension risk could increase the price and yield volatility of mortgage-related securities held by the Fund. In the past, in certain market environments, the value and liquidity of many mortgage pass-through securities declined sharply. There can be no assurance that such declines will not recur. Investments in mortgage-backed securities may be subject to a high degree of credit risk, valuation risk, and liquidity risk. These risks may be even higher with mortgage pass-through securities supported by subprime mortgages. Mortgage-backed securities are also subject to the risk that underlying borrowers will be unable to meet their obligations and the value of property that secures the mortgage may decline in value and be insufficient, upon foreclosure, to repay the associated loan.

Agency Mortgage-Related Securities. Payment of principal and interest on some mortgage pass-through securities (but not the market value of the securities themselves) may be guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government (in the case of securities guaranteed by GNMA) or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government (in the case of securities guaranteed by the Federal National Mortgage Association ( “FNMA”) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”)). The principal governmental guarantor of mortgage-related securities is GNMA. GNMA is a wholly-owned U.S. Government corporation within the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (the “Department of Housing and Urban Development” or “HUD”). GNMA is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved by GNMA (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of mortgages insured by the Federal Housing Administration (the “FHA”), or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs (the “VA”).

Government-related guarantors (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government) include FNMA and FHLMC. FNMA is a government-sponsored corporation. FNMA primarily purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers, which includes state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA, but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. FHLMC was created by Congress in 1970 for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for residential housing. It is a government-sponsored corporation that issues participation certificates (“PCs”), which are pass-through securities, each representing an undivided interest in a pool of residential mortgages. FHLMC guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. Instead, they are supported only by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency’s obligations.

FNMA and FHLMC also securitize RPLs. For example, in FNMA’s case, the RPLs are single-family, fixed rate reperforming loans that generally were previously placed in mortgage-backed securities trust guaranteed by FNMA, purchased from the trust by FNMA and held as a distressed asset after four or more months of delinquency, and subsequently became current (i.e. performing) again. Such RPLs may have exited delinquency through efforts at reducing defaults (e.g., loan modification). In selecting RPLs for securitization, FNMA follows certain criteria related to length of time the loan has been performing, the type of loan (single-family, fixed rate), and the status of the loan as first lien, among other things. FNMA may include different loan structures and modification programs in the future.

Since September 6, 2008, FNMA and FHLMC have operated under a conservatorship administered by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”). As the conservator, FHFA succeeded to all rights, titles, powers and privileges of FNMA and FHLMC and of any stockholder, officer or director of FNMA and FHLMC with respect to FNMA and FHLMC and the assets of FNMA and FHLMC.. In connection with the conservatorship, the U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “U.S. Treasury”) entered into a Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement to provide additional financing to FNMA and FHLMC.

FNMA and FHLMC continue to operate as going concerns while in conservatorship and each remains liable for all of its obligations, including its guaranty obligations, associated with its mortgage-backed securities. The Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement is intended to enhance each of FNMA’s and FHLMC’s ability to meet its obligations. The FHFA has indicated that the conservatorship of each enterprise will end when the director of FHFA determines that FHFA’s plan to restore the enterprise to a safe and solvent condition has been completed.

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Under the Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008 (the “Reform Act”), which was included as part of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, FHFA, as conservator or receiver, has the power to repudiate any contract entered into by FNMA or FHLMC prior to FHFA’s appointment as conservator or receiver, as applicable, if FHFA determines, in its sole discretion, that performance of the contract is burdensome and that repudiation of the contract promotes the orderly administration of FNMA’s or FHLMC’s affairs. The Reform Act requires FHFA to exercise its right to repudiate any contract within a reasonable period of time after its appointment as conservator or receiver.

FHFA, in its capacity as conservator, has indicated that it has no intention to repudiate the guaranty obligations of FNMA or FHLMC because FHFA views repudiation as incompatible with the goals of the conservatorship. However, in the event that FHFA, as conservator or if it is later appointed as receiver for FNMA or FHLMC, were to repudiate any such guaranty obligation, the conservatorship or receivership estate, as applicable, would be liable for actual direct compensatory damages in accordance with the provisions of the Reform Act. Any such liability could be satisfied only to the extent of FNMA’s or FHLMC’s assets available therefor.

In the event of repudiation, the payments of interest to holders of FNMA or FHLMC mortgage-backed securities would be reduced if payments on the mortgage loans represented in the mortgage loan groups related to such mortgage-backed securities are not made by the borrowers or advanced by the servicer. Any actual direct compensatory damages for repudiating these guaranty obligations may not be sufficient to offset any shortfalls experienced by such mortgage-backed security holders.

Further, in its capacity as conservator or receiver, FHFA has the right to transfer or sell any asset or liability of FNMA or FHLMC without any approval, assignment or consent. Although FHFA has stated that it has no present intention to do so, if FHFA, as conservator or receiver, were to transfer any such guaranty obligation to another party, holders of FNMA or FHLMC mortgage-backed securities would have to rely on that party for satisfaction of the guaranty obligation and would be exposed to the credit risk of that party.

In addition, certain rights provided to holders of mortgage-backed securities issued by FNMA and FHLMC under the operative documents related to such securities may not be enforced against FHFA, or enforcement of such rights may be delayed, during the conservatorship or any future receivership. The operative documents for FNMA and FHLMC mortgage-backed securities may provide (or with respect to securities issued prior to the date of the appointment of the conservator may have provided) that upon the occurrence of an event of default on the part of FNMA or FHLMC, in its capacity as guarantor, which includes the appointment of a conservator or receiver, holders of such mortgage-backed securities have the right to replace FNMA or FHLMC as trustee if the requisite percentage of mortgage-backed securities holders consent. The Reform Act prevents mortgage-backed security holders from enforcing such rights if the event of default arises solely because a conservator or receiver has been appointed. The Reform Act also provides that no person may exercise any right or power to terminate, accelerate or declare an event of default under certain contracts to which FNMA or FHLMC is a party, or obtain possession of or exercise control over any property of FNMA or FHLMC, or affect any contractual rights of FNMA or FHLMC, without the approval of FHFA, as conservator or receiver, for a period of 45 or 90 days following the appointment of FHFA as conservator or receiver, respectively.

FHFA and the White House have made public statements regarding plans to consider ending the conservatorships of FNMA and FHLMC. In the event that FNMA and FHLMC are taken out of conservatorship, it is unclear how the capital structure of FNMA and FHLMC would be constructed and what effects, if any, there may be on FNMA’s and FHLMC’s creditworthiness and guarantees of certain mortgage-backed securities. It is also unclear whether the U.S. Treasury would continue to enforce its rights or perform its obligations under the Senior Preferred Stock Programs. Should FNMA’s and FHLMC’s conservatorship end, there could be an adverse impact on the value of their securities, which could cause losses to the Fund.

FNMA and FHLMC have entered into a joint initiative to develop and operate a common securitization platform for the issuance of a uniform mortgage-backed security (the “Single Security Initiative”) that aligns the characteristics of FNMA and FHLMC certificates. In June 2019, under the Single Security Initiative, FNMA and FHLMC started issuing uniform mortgage-backed securities in place of their current offerings of to-be-announced-eligible securities. The Single Security Initiative seeks to support the overall liquidity of the to-be-announced (“TBA”) market and aligns the characteristics of FNMA and FHLMC certificates. The effects that the Single Security Initiative may have on the market for TBA and other mortgage backed securities are uncertain.

Collateralized Mortgage Obligations and Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits. A CMO is a hybrid between a mortgage-backed bond and a mortgage pass-through security. Similar to a bond, interest and prepaid principal is paid, in most cases, on a monthly basis. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans, but are more often collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities and their income streams. Some CMOs are directly supported by other CMOs, which, in turn, are supported by mortgage pools.

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CMOs are issued in multiple classes, often referred to as “tranches,” with each tranche having a specific fixed or floating coupon rate and stated maturity or final distribution date. Payments of principal normally are applied to the CMO classes in the order of their respective stated maturities, so that no principal payments will be made on a CMO class until all other classes having an earlier stated maturity date are paid in full. Under the traditional CMO structure, the cash flows generated by the mortgages or mortgage pass-through securities in the collateral pool are used to first pay interest and then pay principal to the holders of the CMOs. Subject to the various provisions of individual CMO issues, the cash flow generated by the underlying collateral (to the extent it exceeds the amount required to pay the stated interest) is used to retire the bonds. The differing structures of CMO classes may create a wide variety of investment characteristics, such as yield, effective maturity, and interest rate sensitivity. As market conditions change, however, and particularly during periods of rapid or unanticipated changes in market interest rates, the attractiveness of the CMO classes and the ability of the structure to provide the anticipated investment characteristics may be significantly reduced. These changes can result in volatility in the market value, and, in some instances, reduced liquidity of the CMO class. A risk of CMOs is the uncertainty of the timing of cash flows that results from the rate of prepayments on the underlying mortgages serving as collateral and from the structure of the particular CMO transaction (that is, the priority of the individual tranches). An increase or decrease in prepayment rates (resulting from a decrease or increase in mortgage interest rates) may cause the CMOs to be retired substantially earlier than their stated maturities or final distribution dates and will affect the yield and price of CMOs. In addition, if the collateral securing CMOs or any third party guarantees are insufficient to make payments, the Fund could sustain a loss.

Securities may be backed by mortgage insurance, letters of credit, or other credit enhancing features. Although payment of the principal of, and interest on, the underlying collateral securing privately issued CMOs may be guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies and instrumentalities, these CMOs represent obligations solely of the private issuer and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, or its agencies and instrumentalities.

Other structures of CMOs include floating rate CMOs, inverse floating rate CMOs, parallel pay CMOs, planned amortization classes, accrual bonds, and CMO residuals. These structures affect the amount and timing of principal and interest received by each tranche from the underlying collateral. Under certain of these structures, certain classes of CMOs have priority over others with respect to the receipt of prepayments on the mortgages. Therefore, depending on the type of CMOs in which the Fund invests, the investment may be subject to a greater or lesser risk of prepayment than other types of MBS. CMOs may include real estate investment conduits, which are private entities formed for the purpose of holding a fixed pool of mortgages secured by an interest in real property.

FHLMC Collateralized Mortgage Obligations. FHLMC CMOs are debt obligations of FHLMC issued in multiple classes having different maturity dates which are secured by the pledge of a pool of conventional mortgage loans purchased by FHLMC. Payments of principal and interest on the CMOs are made semi-annually, as opposed to monthly. The amount of principal payable on each semi-annual payment date is determined in accordance with FHLMC’s mandatory sinking fund schedule, which in turn, is equal to approximately 100% of FHA prepayment experience applied to the mortgage collateral pool. All sinking fund payments in the CMOs are allocated to the retirement of the individual classes of bonds in the order of their stated maturities. Payment of principal on the mortgage loans in the collateral pool in excess of the amount of FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund obligation for any payment date are paid to the holders of the CMOs as additional sinking fund payments. Because of the “pass-through” nature of all principal payments received on the collateral pool in excess of FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund requirement, the rate at which principal of the CMOs is actually repaid is likely to be such that each class of bonds will be retired in advance of its scheduled maturity date.

If collection of principal (including prepayments) on the mortgage loans during any semi-annual payment period is not sufficient to meet FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund obligation on the next sinking fund payment date, FHLMC agrees to make up the deficiency from its general funds.

Criteria for the mortgage loans in the pool backing the FHLMC CMOs are identical to those of FHLMC PCs. FHLMC has the right to substitute collateral in the event of delinquencies and/or defaults.

CMO Residuals. CMO residuals are mortgage securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing.

The cash flow generated by the mortgage assets underlying a series of CMOs is applied first to make required payments of principal and interest on the CMOs and second to pay the related administrative expenses and any management fee of the issuer. The residual in a CMO structure generally represents the interest in any excess cash flow remaining after making the foregoing payments. Each payment of such excess cash flow to a holder of the related CMO residual represents income and/or a return of capital. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on, among other things, the characteristics of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of CMO, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses and the pre-payment experience on the mortgage assets. In particular, the yield to maturity on CMO residuals is extremely sensitive to pre-

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payments on the related underlying mortgage assets, in the same manner as an interest-only (“IO”) class of SMBS. See “Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities” below. In addition, if a series of a CMO includes a class that bears interest at an adjustable rate, the yield to maturity on the related CMO residual will also be extremely sensitive to changes in the level of the index upon which interest rate adjustments are based. As described below with respect to SMBSs, in certain circumstances the Fund may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in a CMO residual.

CMO residuals are generally purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers In addition, CMO residuals may, or pursuant to an exemption therefrom, may not, have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). CMO residuals, whether or not registered under the 1933 Act, may be subject to certain restrictions on transferability. Please refer to “Illiquid Investments” for further discussion of regulatory considerations relating to investment liquidity.

Adjustable Rate Mortgage Backed Securities. Adjustable rate mortgage-backed securities (“ARMBSs”) have interest rates that reset at periodic intervals. Acquiring ARMBSs permits the Fund to participate in increases in prevailing current interest rates through periodic adjustments in the coupons of mortgages underlying the pool on which ARMBSs are based. In addition, when prepayments of principal are made on the underlying mortgages during periods of rising interest rates, the Fund can reinvest the proceeds of such prepayments at rates higher than those at which they were previously invested. Mortgages underlying most ARMBSs, however, have limits on the allowable annual or lifetime increases that can be made in the interest rate that the mortgagor pays. Therefore, if current interest rates rise above such limits over the period of the limitation, the Fund, when holding an ARMBS, does not benefit from further increases in interest rates. Moreover, when interest rates are in excess of coupon rates (i.e., the rates being paid by mortgagors) of the mortgages, ARMBSs behave more like fixed-income securities and less like adjustable rate securities and are subject to the risks associated with fixed-income securities. In addition, during periods of rising interest rates, increases in the coupon rate of adjustable rate mortgages generally lag current market interest rates slightly, thereby creating the potential for capital depreciation on such securities.

Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities. SMBS are derivative multi-class mortgage securities. SMBS may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks, and special purpose entities of the foregoing. SMBS are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the interest-only or “IO” class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or “PO” class). The value of an IO class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may cause the Fund to lose money. The value of a PO class generally increases as interest rates decline and prepayment rates rise. Some IOs and POs are structured to have special protections against the effects of prepayments. These structural protections, however, normally are effective only within certain ranges of prepayment rates and, thus, will not protect investors in all circumstances. The price of these securities typically is more volatile than that of coupon-bearing bonds of the same maturity.

Other Mortgage-Related Securities. Other mortgage-related securities include securities other than those described above that directly or indirectly represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property, including mortgage dollar rolls/buy backs, CMO residuals or SMBS. Other mortgage-related securities may be equity or debt securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks, partnerships, trusts and special purpose entities of the foregoing.

Mortgage-related securities include, among other things, securities that reflect an interest in reverse mortgages. In a reverse mortgage, a lender makes a loan to a homeowner based on the homeowner’s equity in his or her home. Repayment of the interest or principal for the loan is generally not required until the homeowner dies, sells the home, or ceases to use the home as his or her primary residence.

There are three general types of reverse mortgages: (1) single-purpose reverse mortgages, which are offered by certain state and local government agencies and nonprofit organizations; (2) federally-insured reverse mortgages, which are backed by the Department of Housing and Urban Development; and (3) proprietary reverse mortgages, which are privately offered loans. A mortgage-related security may be backed by a single type of reverse mortgage. Reverse mortgage-related securities include agency and privately issued mortgage-related securities. The principal government guarantor of reverse mortgage-related securities is GNMA.

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Reverse mortgage-related securities may be subject to risks different than other types of mortgage-related securities due to the unique nature of the underlying loans. The date of repayment for such loans is uncertain and may occur sooner or later than anticipated. The timing of payments for the corresponding mortgage-related security may be uncertain. The loans may react differently than traditional home loans to market events. Additionally, there can be no assurance that service providers to reverse mortgage trusts (“RMTs”) will diligently and appropriately execute their duties with respect to servicing such trusts. As a result, investors (which may include the Fund) in notes issued by RMTs may be deprived of payments to which they are entitled. This could result in losses to the Fund. Investors, including the Fund, may determine to pursue negotiations or legal claims or otherwise seek compensation from RMT service providers in certain instances. This may involve the Fund incurring costs and expenses associated with such actions.

Asset-Backed Securities. The Fund may invest in, or have exposure to, ABS, which are securities that represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, a stream of payments generated by particular assets, most often a pool or pools of similar assets (e.g., trade receivables). ABS are created from many types of assets, including, but not limited to, auto loans, accounts receivable such as credit card receivables and hospital account receivables, home equity loans, student loans, boat loans, mobile home loans, recreational vehicle loans, manufactured housing loans, aircraft leases, computer leases, syndicated bank loans, peer-to-peer loans and litigation finance loans. These loans or other receivables are subject to risks of prepayment, delinquency and default similar to those present in mortgage loans. Consumer loans may be backed by collateral (as in automobile loans) or they may be unsecured. Moreover, Congress, regulators, such as the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, and the individual states may further regulate the consumer credit industry in ways that make it more difficult for servicers of such loans to collect payments on such loans, resulting in reduced collections. Changes to federal or state bankruptcy or debtor relief laws may also impede collection efforts or alter timing and amount of collections. The credit quality of an ABS transaction depends on the performance of the underlying assets. To protect ABS investors from the possibility that some borrowers could miss payments or even default on their loans, ABS include various forms of credit enhancement.

The underlying assets (e.g., loans) are subject to prepayments that shorten the securities’ weighted average maturity and may lower their return. If the credit support or enhancement is exhausted, losses or delays in payment may result if the required payments of principal and interest are not made. The value of these securities also may change because of changes in the market’s perception of the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the pool, the originator of the pool, or the financial institution or trust providing the credit support or enhancement. Typically, there is no perfected security interest in the collateral that relates to the financial assets that support ABS. ABS have many of the same characteristics and risks as the mortgage backed securities described above.

The Fund may purchase or have exposure to commercial paper, including asset-backed commercial paper (“ABCP”), that is issued by structured investment vehicles or other conduits. These conduits may be sponsored by mortgage companies, investment banking firms, finance companies, hedge funds, private equity firms and special purpose finance entities. ABCP typically refers to a short-term debt security, the payment of which is supported by cash flows from underlying assets, or one or more liquidity or credit support providers, or both. Assets backing ABCP include credit card, car loan and other consumer receivables and home or commercial mortgages, including subprime mortgages. The repayment of ABCP issued by a conduit depends primarily on the cash collections received from the conduit’s underlying asset portfolio and the conduit’s ability to issue new ABCP. Therefore, there could be losses to the Fund if investing in ABCP in the event of credit or market value deterioration in the conduit’s underlying portfolio, mismatches in the timing of the cash flows of the underlying asset interests and the repayment obligations of maturing ABCP, or the conduit’s inability to issue new ABCP. To protect investors from these risks, ABCP programs may be structured with various protections, such as credit enhancement, liquidity support, and commercial paper stop-issuance and wind-down triggers. However, there can be no guarantee that these protections will be sufficient to prevent losses to investors in ABCP. Some ABCP programs provide for an extension of the maturity date of the ABCP if, on the related maturity date, the conduit is unable to access sufficient liquidity through the issue of additional ABCP. This may delay the sale of the underlying collateral and the Fund may incur a loss if the value of the collateral deteriorates during the extension period. Alternatively, if collateral for ABCP deteriorates in value, the collateral may be required to be sold at inopportune times or at prices insufficient to repay the principal and interest on the ABCP. ABCP programs may provide for the issuance of subordinated notes as an additional form of credit enhancement. The subordinated notes are typically of a lower credit quality and have a higher risk of default. To the extent the Fund purchases these subordinated notes, it will have a higher likelihood of loss than investors in the senior notes.

Some ABS, particularly home equity loan transactions, are subject to interest-rate risk and prepayment risk. A change in interest rates can affect the pace of payments on the underlying loans, which in turn, affects total return on the securities. ABS also carry credit or default risk. If many borrowers on the underlying loans default, losses could exceed the credit enhancement level and result in losses to investors in an ABS transaction. Additionally, the value of ABS is subject to risks associated with the servicers’ performance. In some circumstances, a servicer’s or originator’s mishandling of documentation related to the underlying collateral (e.g., failure to properly document a security interest in the underlying collateral) may affect the rights of the security holders in and to the underlying collateral. Finally, ABS have structure risk due to a unique characteristic known as early amortization, or early payout,

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risk. Built into the structure of most ABS are triggers for early payout, designed to protect investors from losses. These triggers are unique to each transaction and can include: a big rise in defaults on the underlying loans, a sharp drop in the credit enhancement level, or even the bankruptcy of the originator. Once early amortization begins, all incoming loan payments (after expenses are paid) are used to pay investors as quickly as possible based upon a predetermined priority of payment.

Collateralized Bond Obligations, Collateralized Loan Obligations and Other Collateralized Debt Obligations. The Fund may invest in each of CBOs, CLOs, other CDOs and other similarly structured securities. CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are types of ABS. A CBO is a trust that is often backed by a diversified pool of high risk, below investment grade fixed-income securities. The collateral can be from many different types of fixed-income securities such as high-yield debt, residential privately issued mortgage-related securities, commercial privately issued mortgage-related securities, trust preferred securities and emerging market debt. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. Other CDOs are trusts backed by other types of assets representing obligations of various parties. CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs may charge management fees and administrative expenses.

For CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs, the cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche which bears the first loss from any defaults from the bonds or loans in the trust, although more senior tranches may also bear losses. Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a CBO trust, CLO trust or trust of another CDO typically has higher ratings and lower yields than their underlying securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, CBO, CLO or other CDO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as aversion to CBO, CLO or other CDO securities as a class.

The risks of an investment in a CBO, CLO or other CDO vary depending on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the instrument in which the Fund invests, among other factors. Normally, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws. Please refer to “Illiquid Investments” below for further discussion of regulatory considerations and constraints relating to investment liquidity. In addition to the normal risks associated with fixed-income securities discussed elsewhere in this Statement of Additional Information and the Prospectus (e.g., prepayment risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk, structural risk, legal risk and interest rate risk (which may be exacerbated if the interest rate payable on a structured financing changes based on multiples of changes in interest rates or inversely to changes in interest rates) and default risk), CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs carry additional risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the risk that the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the performance of a structure or the issuer thereof, the availability of any credit enhancement, the level and timing of payments and recoveries on and the characteristics of the underlying receivables, loans or other assets that are being securitized, remoteness of those assets from the originator or transferor, the adequacy of and ability to realize upon any related collateral and the capability of the servicer of the securitized assets; (iv) the price of a structured finance investment, if required to be sold, may also be subject to certain market and liquidity risks for securities of its type at the time of sale; (v) if the particular structured product is invested in a security in which the Fund is also invested, this would tend to increase the Fund’s overall exposure to the credit of the issuer of such securities, at least on an absolute, if not on a relative basis; (vi) the assets collateralizing any CDO may have more correlated performance than expected at the time of structuring such CDO and therefore may perform worse than projected in a default scenario; (vii) the risk that the Fund may invest in CBOs, CLOs or other CDOs that are subordinate to other classes; and (viii) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.

Foreign (Non-U.S.) Securities

The Fund may invest without limit in instruments of corporate and other foreign issuers, and in instruments traded principally outside of the United States. The Fund may invest in sovereign and other debt securities issued by foreign governments and their respective sub-divisions, agencies or instrumentalities, government sponsored enterprises and supranational government entities. The Fund may also invest directly in foreign currencies, including local emerging market currencies.

The foreign securities in which the Fund may invest include without limit Eurodollar obligations and “Yankee Dollar” obligations. Eurodollar obligations are U.S. dollar-denominated certificates of deposit and time deposits issued outside the U.S. capital markets by foreign branches of U.S. banks and by foreign banks. Yankee Dollar obligations are U.S. dollar-denominated obligations issued in the U.S. capital markets by foreign banks. Eurodollar and Yankee Dollar obligations are generally subject to the same risks that apply to domestic debt issues, notably credit risk, interest rate risk, market risk and liquidity risk. Additionally, Eurodollar (and to a limited extent, Yankee Dollar) obligations are subject to certain sovereign risks. One such risk is the possibility that a sovereign country might prevent capital, in the form of U.S. dollars, from flowing across its borders. Other risks include adverse political and economic developments; the extent and quality of government regulation of financial markets and institutions; the imposition of non-U.S. withholding or other taxes; and the expropriation or nationalization of foreign issuers.

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The Fund may also invest in American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) or Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”). ADRs are U.S. dollar-denominated receipts issued generally by domestic banks and represent the deposit with the bank of a security of a non-U.S. issuer. EDRs are foreign currency-denominated receipts similar to ADRs and are issued and traded in Europe, and are publicly traded on exchanges or over-the-counter (“OTC”) in the United States. GDRs may be offered privately in the United States and also trade in public or private markets in other countries. ADRs, EDRs and GDRs may be issued as sponsored or unsponsored programs. In sponsored programs, an issuer has made arrangements to have its securities trade in the form of ADRs, EDRs or GDRs. In unsponsored programs, the issuer may not be directly involved in the creation of the program. Although regulatory requirements with respect to sponsored and unsponsored programs are generally similar, in some cases it may be easier to obtain financial information from an issuer that has participated in the creation of a sponsored program.

Investing in non-U.S. securities involves special risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S. securities. These include: differences in accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, generally higher commission rates on non-U.S. portfolio transactions, the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations (which may include suspension of the ability to transfer currency from a country), market disruption, the possibility of security suspensions, political instability which can affect U.S. investments in non-U.S. countries, the imposition of sanctions or other similar measures and potential restrictions on the flow of international capital. In addition, non-U.S. securities and the Fund’s income in respect of those securities may be subject to non-U.S. taxes, including taxes withheld from payments on those securities, which would reduce the Fund’s return on such securities. Non-U.S. securities often trade with less frequency and volume than domestic securities and therefore may exhibit greater price volatility. Changes in foreign exchange rates will affect the value of those securities that are denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The currencies of non-U.S. countries may experience significant declines against the U.S. dollar, and devaluation may occur subsequent to investments in these currencies by the Fund.

Investment in sovereign debt can involve a high degree of risk. The governmental entity that controls the repayment of sovereign debt may not be able or willing to repay the principal and/or interest when due in accordance with the terms of the debt. A governmental entity’s willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the governmental entity’s policy toward the International Monetary Fund, and the political constraints to which a governmental entity may be subject. Governmental entities may also depend on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and others to reduce principal and interest arrearages on their debt. The commitment on the part of these governments, agencies and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned on a governmental entity’s implementation of economic reforms and/or economic performance and the timely service of such debtor’s obligations. Failure to implement such reforms, achieve such levels of economic performance or repay principal or interest when due may result in the cancellation of such third parties’ commitments to lend funds to the governmental entity, which may further impair such debtor’s ability or willingness to service its debts in a timely manner. Consequently, governmental entities may default on their sovereign debt. Holders of sovereign debt (including the Fund) may be requested to participate in the rescheduling of such debt and to extend further loans to governmental entities. There is no bankruptcy proceeding by which sovereign debt on which governmental entities have defaulted may be collected in whole or in part.

The investments in foreign currency denominated debt obligations, if any, and hedging activities by the Fund would likely produce a difference between the Fund’s book income and its taxable income. This difference may cause a portion of the Fund’s income distributions to constitute returns of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes or require the Fund to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) for U.S. federal tax purposes. The Fund’s investments in non-U.S. securities may increase or accelerate the amount of ordinary income recognized by stockholders. See “Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Matters.”

Euro- and European Union-related risks. In the past, economic crisis brought several small economies in Europe to the brink of bankruptcy and many other economies into recession and weakened the banking and financial sectors of many European countries. For example, the governments of Greece, Spain, Portugal, and the Republic of Ireland experienced severe economic and financial difficulties between 2009 and 2012, an event that is commonly referred to as the “European sovereign debt crisis.” As was the case during the European sovereign debt crisis, large public deficits could cause some European countries to become dependent on assistance from other European governments and institutions or other central banks or supranational agencies such as the International Monetary Fund. Assistance may be dependent on a country’s implementation of reforms or reaching a certain level of performance. Failure to reach those objectives or an insufficient level of assistance could result in a deep economic downturn. Responses to economic or financial difficulties by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may be ineffective, may limit future economic growth or recovery, and/or may result in social unrest or other unintended consequences. Any of the foregoing events could significantly affect the value of the Fund’s European investments.

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The national politics of European countries can be unpredictable and subject to influence by disruptive political groups or ideologies. The occurrence of conflicts, war or terrorist activities in Europe could have an adverse impact on financial markets. For example, Russia launched a large-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. The extent, duration and impact of Russia’s military action in Ukraine, related sanctions, trade restrictions and retaliatory actions are difficult to ascertain, but could be significant and have severe adverse effects on the region, including significant adverse effects on the regional, European, and global economies and the markets for certain securities and commodities, such as oil and natural gas, as well as other sectors, and on the Fund’s investments in securities and instruments that are economically tied to the region, including declines in value and reductions in liquidity.

The Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (“EMU”) is comprised of the European Union (“EU”) members that have adopted the euro currency. By adopting the euro as its currency, a member state relinquishes control of its own monetary policies. As a result, European countries are significantly affected by fiscal and monetary policies implemented by the EMU and European Central Bank. The euro currency may not fully reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the various economies that comprise the EMU and Europe generally.

It is possible that one or more EMU member countries could abandon the euro and return to a national currency and/or that the euro will cease to exist as a single currency in its current form. The effects of such an abandonment or a country’s forced expulsion from the euro on that country, the rest of the EMU, and global markets are impossible to predict, but are likely to be negative. The exit of any country out of the euro may have an extremely destabilizing effect on other Eurozone countries and their economies and a negative effect on the global economy as a whole. Such an exit by one country may also increase the possibility that additional countries may exit the euro should they face similar financial difficulties. In addition, in the event of one or more countries’ exit from the euro, it may be difficult to value investments denominated in euros or in a replacement currency.

Emerging Markets. The Fund may make investments in issuers in emerging markets. Emerging market countries are countries that major international financial institutions, such as the World Bank, generally consider to be less economically mature than developed nations, such as the United States or most nations in Western Europe. Emerging market countries can include every nation in the world except the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and most countries located in Western Europe. With respect to Western Europe, the Fund currently considers a country that is not considered a developed country by MSCI Inc. an emerging market country. The risks described above apply to an even greater extent to investments in emerging markets, which may be considered speculative. Emerging markets may develop unevenly or may never fully develop and are more likely to experience hyperinflation and currency devaluations, which may be sudden and significant. Settlement and asset custody practices for transactions in emerging markets may differ from those in developed markets. Such differences may include possible delays in settlement and certain settlement practices, such as delivery of securities prior to receipt of payment, which increases the likelihood of a “failed settlement.” Failed settlements can result in losses. In addition, the securities and currencies of many of emerging market countries may have far lower trading volumes and less liquidity than those of developed nations. If the Fund’s investments need to be liquidated quickly, the Fund could sustain significant transaction costs.

Securities and issuers in emerging countries tend to be subject to less extensive and frequent accounting, financial, and other reporting requirements than securities and issuers in more developed countries. Government enforcement of existing securities regulations is limited, and any such enforcement may be arbitrary and the results may be difficult to predict. Further, investing in securities of issuers located in certain emerging market countries may present a greater risk of loss resulting from problems in security registration and custody.

Many emerging market countries have histories of political instability and abrupt changes in policies. As a result, their governments may be more likely to take actions that are hostile or detrimental to foreign investment than those of more developed countries, such as expropriation, confiscatory taxation, and nationalization of assets and securities. Certain emerging market countries also may face other significant internal or external risks, including a heightened risk of war, and ethnic, religious, and racial conflicts, and the imposition of economic sanctions or other measures by the United States or other governments. The economies of emerging countries may be predominantly based on only a few industries or dependent on revenues from particular commodities. In addition, governments in many emerging market countries participate to a significant degree in their economies and securities markets, which may impair investment and economic growth, and which may, in turn, diminish the value of their currencies. If a company’s economic fortunes are linked to emerging markets, then a security it issues generally will be subject to these risks even if the security is principally traded on a non-emerging market exchange.

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Foreign Currency Transactions

The Fund may purchase and sell foreign currency options and foreign currency futures contracts and related options (see “Derivative Instruments”), and may engage in foreign currency transactions either on a spot (cash) basis at the rate prevailing in the currency exchange market at the time or through forward currency contracts (“forwards”). The Fund may engage in these transactions in order to attempt to protect against uncertainty in the level of future foreign exchange rates in the purchase and sale of securities. The Fund may also use foreign currency options, foreign currency forward contracts, foreign currency futures and foreign spot transactions to increase exposure to a foreign currency or to shift exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one currency to another. Since some foreign exchange transactions for the Fund are directed to the Fund’s custodian for execution, execution of such transactions may be better or worse than comparable transactions effected by other intermediaries.

A forward contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a certain amount of a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts may be bought or sold to protect the Fund against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar or to increase exposure to a particular foreign currency. Although forwards may be used to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currencies, at the same time, they tend to limit any potential gain which might result should the value of such currencies increase. Forwards are used primarily to adjust the foreign exchange exposure of the Fund with a view to protecting the outlook, and the Fund might be expected to enter into such contracts under the following circumstances:

•

When the Adviser desires to lock in the U.S. dollar price on the purchase or sale of a security denominated in a foreign currency.

•

If a particular currency is expected to decrease against another currency, the Fund may sell the currency expected to decrease and purchase a currency which is expected to increase against the currency sold in an amount approximately equal to some or all of the Fund’s exposure to the currency sold.

•

If the Adviser wants to eliminate substantially all of the risk of owning a particular currency, and/or if the Adviser thinks that the Fund can benefit from price appreciation in a given country’s bonds but does not want to hold the currency, it may employ a direct hedge back into the U.S. dollar. In either case, the Fund would enter into a forward contract to sell the currency to which the Fund is exposed through the security and purchase U.S. dollars at an exchange rate established at the time it initiated the contract. The cost of the direct hedge transaction may offset most, if not all, of the yield advantage offered by the foreign security, but the Fund would hope to benefit from an increase (if any) in the value of the security.

•

The Fund might choose to use a proxy hedge, which may be less costly than a direct hedge. In this case, the Fund, having purchased a security, will sell a currency whose value is believed to be closely linked to the currency to which the Fund is exposed through the security. Interest rates prevailing in the country whose currency was sold would be expected to be closer to those in the United States and lower than those of securities denominated in the currency of the original holding. This type of hedging entails greater risk than a direct hedge because it is dependent on a stable relationship between the two currencies paired as proxies and the relationships can be very unstable at times.

•

When the Fund purchases a foreign (non-U.S.) bond with a higher interest rate than is available on U.S. bonds of a similar maturity, the additional yield on the foreign (non-U.S.) bond could be substantially reduced or lost if the Fund were to enter into a direct hedge by selling the foreign currency and purchasing the U.S. dollar. This is what is known as the “cost” of hedging. Proxy hedging attempts to reduce this cost through an indirect hedge back to the U.S. dollar.

It is important to note that hedging costs are treated as capital transactions and are not, therefore, deducted from the Fund’s dividend distribution and are not reflected in its yield. Instead such costs will, over time, be reflected in the Fund’s net asset value per share.

The Fund may enter into foreign currency transactions as a substitute for cash investments and for other investment purposes not involving hedging, including, without limitation, to exchange payments received in a foreign currency into U.S. dollars or in anticipation of settling a transaction that requires the Fund to deliver a foreign currency.

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The forecasting of currency market movement is extremely difficult, and whether any hedging strategy will be successful is highly uncertain. Moreover, it is impossible to forecast with precision the market value of portfolio securities at the expiration of a foreign currency forward contract. Accordingly, the Fund may be required to buy or sell additional currency on the spot market (and bear the expense of such transaction) if the Adviser’s predictions regarding the movement of foreign currency or securities markets prove inaccurate. Also, foreign currency transactions, like currency exchange rates, can be affected unpredictably

by intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments or central banks, or by currency controls or political developments. Such events may prevent or restrict the Fund’s ability to enter into foreign currency transactions, force the Fund to exit a foreign currency transaction at a disadvantageous time or price or result in penalties for the Fund, any of which may result in a loss to the Fund. In addition, the use of cross-hedging transactions may involve special risks, and may leave the Fund in a less advantageous position than if such a hedge had not been established. Because foreign currency forward contracts are privately negotiated transactions, there can be no assurance that the Fund will have flexibility to roll-over a foreign currency forward contract upon its expiration if it desires to do so. Additionally, there can be no assurance that the other party to the contract will perform its services thereunder. Under definitions adopted by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) and the SEC, many non-deliverable foreign currency forwards are considered swaps for certain purposes, including determination of whether such instruments are subject to margin requirements.

The Fund may hold a portion of its assets in bank deposits denominated in foreign currencies, so as to facilitate investment in foreign securities as well as to protect against currency fluctuations and the need to convert such assets into U.S. dollars (thereby also reducing transaction costs). To the extent these monies are converted back into U.S. dollars, the value of the assets so maintained will be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange control regulations.

Tax Consequences of Hedging and other Foreign Currency Transactions. Foreign currency gains are generally treated as qualifying income for purposes of the 90% gross income test described under “Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Matters” below. However, it is possible the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) could issue contrary regulations with respect to foreign currency gains that are not directly related to a RIC’s principal business of investing in stocks or securities (or options or futures with respect to stocks or securities), and such regulations could apply retroactively. Such regulations, if issued, could limit the ability of the Fund to enter into the foreign currency transactions described above or could bear adversely on the Fund’s ability to qualify as a RIC. In addition, hedging transactions may result in the application of the mark-to-market and straddle provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Those provisions could affect the amount, timing or character of dividends paid by the Fund, including whether dividends paid by the Fund are classified as capital gains or ordinary income.

High Yield Securities (“Junk Bonds”)

Debt securities are typically considered “non-investment grade” (also referred to as “high-yield debt securities,” “lower-rated debt securities,” or “junk bonds”) if they are rated Ba1 or lower by Moody’s and BB+ or lower by S&P or Fitch or instruments comparably rated by other rating agencies, or in unrated instruments determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. At any given time and from time to time substantially all of the Fund’s portfolio may consist of high yield (or below investment grade) debt securities. Non-investment grade debt securities may pay a higher yield, but entail greater risks, than investment grade debt securities, and are considered speculative. When compared to investment grade debt securities, high-yield debt securities:

•

have a higher risk of default and their prices can be much more volatile due to lower liquidity;

•

tend to be less sensitive to interest rate changes;

•

are susceptible to negative perceptions of the junk markets generally; and

•

pose a greater risk that exercise of any of their redemption or call provisions in a declining market may result in their replacement by lower yielding bonds.

The risk of loss from default for the holders of high-yield debt securities is significantly greater than is the case for holders of other debt securities because such high-yield securities generally are unsecured, often are subordinated to the rights of other creditors of the issuers of such securities, and are issued by issuers with weaker financials.

An economic downturn could severely affect the ability of highly leveraged issuers of junk bond investments to service their debt obligations or to repay their obligations upon maturity. If an issuer of high-yield securities in which the Fund is invested defaults, the Fund may incur additional expenses to seek recovery. Investment by the Fund in already defaulted securities poses an additional risk of loss should nonpayment of principal and interest continue for such securities. Even if such securities are held to maturity, the Fund’s recovery of its initial investment and any anticipated income or appreciation is uncertain. The Fund may be required to liquidate other portfolio securities to satisfy annual distribution obligations of the Fund in respect of accrued interest income on securities that are subsequently written off, even though the Fund has not received any cash payments of such interest.

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Because the risk of default is higher among high-yield debt securities, the Adviser’s research and analysis are important factors in the selection of such securities. Through portfolio diversification, good credit analysis, and attention to current developments and trends in interest rates and economic conditions, the Fund seeks to reduce this risk. There can be no assurance, however, that this risk will, in fact, be reduced and that losses will not occur.

The secondary market for high-yield debt securities is not as liquid as, and is more volatile than, the secondary market for higher rated securities. In addition, market trading volume for lower-rated securities generally is lower and the secondary market for such securities could shrink or disappear suddenly and without warning as a result of adverse market or economic conditions, independent of any specific adverse changes in the condition of a particular issuer. Because of the lack of sufficient market liquidity, the Fund may incur losses because it may be required to effect sales at a disadvantageous time and then only at a substantial drop in price. These factors may have an adverse effect on the market price and the Fund’s ability to dispose of particular portfolio investments when needed for repurchase obligations or other liquidity needs. A less liquid secondary market also may make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain precise valuations of lower-rated securities in its portfolio. Legislative and regulatory developments such as those discussed under “Debt Securities” above have adversely affected the secondary market for high-yield debt securities and the financial condition of issuers of these securities.

High-yield debt securities also present risks based on payment expectations. High-yield debt securities frequently contain “call” or buy-back features that permit the issuer to call or repurchase the security from its holder. If an issuer exercises such a “call option” and redeems the security, the Fund may have to replace such security with a lower yielding security, resulting in a decreased return for investors.

Factors having an adverse impact on the market value of high-yield securities will have an adverse effect on the Fund’s NAV to the extent the Fund holds such investments. In addition, in order to satisfy repurchase obligations, the Fund may be forced to sell its higher rated securities, resulting in a decline in the overall credit quality of its portfolio and increasing its exposure to the risks of high-yield securities.

Convertible Securities

Convertible securities are preferred stocks or debt obligations that may be converted into or exchanged for shares of common stock (or cash or other securities) of the same or a different issuer at a stated price or exchange ratio. Convertible securities generally rank senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure but usually are subordinated to comparable non-convertible securities. A convertible security entitles the holder to receive a dividend or interest that generally is paid or accrued on the underlying security until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted, or exchanged. While convertible securities generally do not participate directly in any dividend increases or decreases of the underlying securities, market prices of convertible securities may be affected by such dividend changes or other changes in the underlying securities. In addition, if the market price of the common stock underlying a convertible security approaches or exceeds the conversion price of the convertible security, the convertible security tends to reflect the market price of the underlying common stock. Alternatively, a convertible security may lose much or all of its value if the value of the underlying common stock falls below the conversion price of the security.

Convertible securities have both equity and fixed income risk characteristics. A significant portion of convertible securities have below investment grade credit ratings and are subject to increased credit and liquidity risks. A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to convert it into the underlying common stock, sell it to a third party, or permit the issuer to redeem the security. Any of these actions could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective, which, in turn, could result in losses to the Fund.

Synthetic convertible securities are derivative instruments comprising two or more securities whose combined investment characteristics resemble a convertible security. A typical convertible security combines fixed income securities or preferred stock with an equity component, such as a warrant, which offers the potential to own the underlying equity security. The value of a synthetic convertible security may respond differently to market fluctuations than the value of a traditional convertible security in response to the same market fluctuations.

Contingent Convertible Instruments. Contingent convertible securities (sometimes referred to as “CoCos”), are debt or preferred securities with loss absorption characteristics built into the terms of the security, for example, an automatic write-down of principal or a mandatory conversion into common stock of the issuer under certain circumstances, such as the issuer’s capital ratio falling below a certain level. Banks and other financial companies are large issuers of CoCos.

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In one version of a CoCo, the security has loss absorption characteristics whereby the liquidation value of the security may be adjusted downward to below the original par value (even to zero) under certain circumstances. This may occur, for instance, in the event that business losses have eroded capital to a substantial extent. The write down of the par value would occur automatically and would not entitle the holders to seek bankruptcy of the company. In addition, an automatic write-down could result in a reduced income rate if the dividend or interest payment is based on the security’s par value. Such securities may, but are not required to, provide for circumstances under which the liquidation value may be adjusted back up to par, such as an improvement in capitalization and/or earnings.

Another version of a CoCo provides for mandatory conversion of the security into common shares of the issuer under certain circumstances. The mandatory conversion might relate, for instance, to maintenance of a capital minimum, whereby falling below the minimum would trigger automatic conversion. Since the common stock of the issuer may not pay a dividend, investors in these instruments could experience a reduced income rate, potentially to zero, and conversion would deepen the subordination of the investor, hence worsening the Fund’s standing in a bankruptcy. In addition, some such instruments also provide for an automatic write-down if the price of the common stock is below the conversion price on the conversion date.

An automatic write-down or conversion event is typically triggered by a reduction in the capital level of the issuer, but may also be triggered by regulatory actions (e.g., a change in capital requirements) or by other factors. Because trigger events are not consistently defined among CoCos, this risk is greater for CoCos that are issued by banks with capital ratios close to the level specified in the trigger event. In March 2023, a Swiss regulator required a write-down of outstanding CoCos to zero notwithstanding the fact that the equity shares continued to exist and have economic value. It is currently unclear whether regulators of issuers in other jurisdictions will take similar actions.

In addition, coupon payments on CoCos are discretionary and may be cancelled by the issuer at any point, for any reason, and for any length of time. The discretionary cancellation of payments is not an event of default and there are no remedies to require re-instatement of coupon payments or payment of any past missed payments. Coupon payments may also be subject to approval by the issuer’s regulator and may be suspended in the event there are insufficient distributable reserves. Due to uncertainty surrounding coupon payments, CoCos may be volatile and their price may decline rapidly in the event that coupon payments are suspended. CoCos typically are structurally subordinated to traditional convertible bonds in the issuer’s capital structure. In certain scenarios, investors in CoCos may suffer a loss of capital ahead of equity holders or when equity holders do not.

Equity Securities

The Fund will not normally invest directly in common stocks of operating companies. However, the Fund may own and hold common stocks of operating companies in its portfolio from time to time in connection with a corporate action, the restructuring of a debt instrument, or through the conversion of a convertible security held by the Fund.

The market price of common stocks and other equity securities may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Equity securities may decline in value due to factors affecting equity securities markets generally, particular industries represented in those markets, or the issuer itself. The values of equity securities may decline due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. They may also decline due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. Equity securities generally have greater price volatility than fixed-income securities. These risks are generally magnified in the case of equity investments in distressed companies. Different types of equity securities provide different voting and dividend rights and priority in the event of the bankruptcy and/or insolvency of the issuer. In addition to common stock, equity securities may include preferred securities, convertible securities and warrants, which are discussed elsewhere in the Prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information. Equity securities other than common stock are subject to many of the same risks as common stock, although possibly to different degrees. The risks of equity securities are generally magnified in the case of equity investments in distressed companies.

Illiquid Securities

An illiquid security is a security that the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in then-current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the security.

The purchase price and subsequent valuation of restricted and illiquid securities normally reflect a discount, which may be significant, from the market price of comparable securities for which a liquid market exists. The amount of the discount from the prevailing market price varies depending upon the type of security, the character of the issuer, the party who will bear the expenses of registering the restricted securities (if needed), and prevailing supply and demand conditions.

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The Fund may not be able to readily liquidate its investment in illiquid securities and may have to sell other investments if necessary to raise cash to meet its obligations. In this event, illiquid securities would become an increasingly larger percentage of the Fund’s portfolio. The lack of a liquid secondary market for illiquid securities may make it more difficult for the Fund to assign a value to those securities for purposes of valuing its portfolio and calculating its NAV.

144A Securities. The Fund also may invest in illiquid securities that are governed by Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. These securities may be resold under certain circumstances to other institutional buyers. Specifically, 144A securities may be resold to a qualified institutional buyer (“QIB”) without registration and without regard to whether the seller originally purchased the security for investment. Investing in 144A securities may decrease the liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio to the extent that QIBs become, for a time, uninterested in purchasing these securities. 144A securities may be treated as liquid under procedures approved by the Board of the Fund. Because of the resale restrictions in 144A securities, there is a greater risk that they will become illiquid than securities registered with the SEC.

Derivative Instruments

The Fund may, but is not required to, utilize various derivative strategies (both long and short positions) involving the purchase or sale of futures and forward contracts (including foreign currency exchange contracts), call and put options, credit default swaps, total return swaps, basis swaps and other swap agreements and other derivative instruments for investment purposes, leveraging purposes or in an attempt to hedge against market, credit, interest rate, currency and other risks in the portfolio.

Generally, derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index and may relate to, among other things, stocks, bonds, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, commodities, related indexes and other assets. The following describes certain derivative instruments and products in which the Fund may invest and risks associated therewith. The derivatives market is always changing and the Fund may invest in derivatives other than those shown below.

In pursuing its investment objective, the Fund may, to the extent permitted by its investment objective and policies, purchase and sell (write) both put options and call options on securities, swap agreements, securities indexes, commodity indexes and foreign currencies, and enter into interest rate, foreign currency, index and commodity futures contracts and purchase and sell options on such futures contracts (“futures options”) for hedging purposes or as part of their overall investment strategies. The Fund also may purchase and sell foreign currency options for purposes of increasing exposure to a foreign currency or to shift exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one country to another. The Fund also may enter into swap agreements with respect to interest rates, commodities, indexes of securities or commodities, and to the extent it may invest in foreign currency denominated securities, may enter into swap agreements with respect to foreign currencies.

The Fund may invest in structured notes. If other types of financial instruments, including other types of options, futures contracts, or futures options are traded in the future, the Fund may also use those instruments, provided that their use is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective.

The value of some derivative instruments in which the Fund invests may be particularly sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates, and, like the other investments of the Fund, the ability of the Fund to successfully utilize these instruments may depend in part upon the ability of the Adviser to forecast interest rates and other economic factors correctly. If the Adviser incorrectly forecasts such factors and has taken positions in derivative instruments contrary to prevailing market trends, the Fund could be exposed to additional, unforeseen risks, including the risk of loss.

The Fund might not employ any of the strategies described below, and no assurance can be given that any strategy used will succeed. If the Adviser incorrectly forecasts interest rates, market values or other economic factors in using a derivatives strategy for the Fund, the Fund might have been in a better position if it had not entered into the transaction at all. The use of these strategies involves certain special risks, including a possible imperfect correlation, or even no correlation, between price movements of derivative instruments and price movements of related investments. While some strategies involving derivative instruments can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in related investments or otherwise, due to the possible inability of the Fund to purchase or sell a portfolio security at a time that otherwise would be favorable or the possible need to sell a portfolio security at a disadvantageous time, and the possible inability of the Fund to close out or to liquidate its derivatives positions. In addition, the Fund’s use of such instruments may cause the Fund to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gains (generally subject to tax when distributed to stockholders at ordinary income tax rates) than if it had not used such instruments. If the Fund gains exposure to an asset class using derivative instruments backed by a collateral portfolio of fixed-income instruments, changes in the value of the fixed-income instruments may result in greater or lesser exposure to that asset class than would have resulted from a direct investment in securities comprising that asset class.

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Participation in the markets for derivative instruments involves investment risks and transaction costs to which the Fund may not be subject absent the use of these strategies. The skills needed to successfully execute derivative strategies may be different from those needed for other types of transactions. If the Fund incorrectly forecasts the value and/or creditworthiness of securities, currencies, interest rates, counterparties or other economic factors involved in a derivative transaction, the Fund might have been in a better position if the Fund had not entered into such derivative transaction. In evaluating the risks and contractual obligations associated with particular derivative instruments, it is important to consider that certain derivative transactions may be modified or terminated only by mutual consent of the Fund and its counterparty and certain derivative transactions may be terminated by the counterparty or the Fund, as the case may be, upon the occurrence of certain Fund-related or counterparty-related events, which may result in losses or gains to the Fund. In addition, such early terminations may result in taxable events and accelerate gain or loss recognition for U.S. federal income tax purposes. It may not be possible for the Fund to modify, terminate, or offset the Fund’s obligations or the Fund’s exposure to the risks associated with a derivative transaction prior to its termination or maturity date, which may create a possibility of increased volatility and/or decreased liquidity to the Fund. Upon the expiration or termination of a particular contract, the Fund may wish to retain the Fund’s position in the derivative instrument by entering into a similar contract, but may be unable to do so if the counterparty to the original contract is unwilling to enter into the new contract and no other appropriate counterparty can be found, which could cause the Fund not to be able to maintain certain desired investment exposures or not to be able to hedge other investment positions or risks, which could cause losses to the Fund. Furthermore, after such an expiration or termination of a particular contract, the Fund may have fewer counterparties with which to engage in additional derivative transactions, which could lead to potentially greater counterparty risk exposure to one or more counterparties and which could increase the cost of entering into certain derivatives. In such cases, the Fund may lose money.

The Fund may engage in investment strategies, including the use of derivatives, to, among other things, seek to generate current, distributable income without regard to possible declines in the Fund’s net asset value. The Fund’s income and gain-generating strategies, including certain derivatives strategies, may generate current, distributable income, even if such strategies could potentially result in declines in the Fund’s net asset value. The Fund’s income and gain-generating strategies, including certain derivatives strategies, may generate current income and gains taxable as ordinary income sufficient to support quarterly distributions even in situations when the Fund has experienced a decline in net assets due to, for example, adverse changes in the broad U.S. or non-U.S. equity markets or the Fund’s debt investments, or arising from its use of derivatives. Consequently, stockholders may receive distributions subject to tax at ordinary income rates at a time when their investment in the Fund has declined in value, which may be economically similar to a taxable return of the stockholder’s investment in the Fund.

Also, suitable derivative and/or hedging transactions may not be available in all circumstances, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to identify or employ a desirable derivative and/or hedging transaction at any time or from time to time or, if a strategy is used, that it will be successful.

Legislative and regulatory reforms have resulted in clearing, margin, reporting and registration requirements for participants in the derivatives market. While the ultimate impact is not yet clear, these changes could restrict and/or impose significant costs or other burdens upon the Fund’s ability to participate in derivatives transactions. Similarly, these requirements could impose limits or restrictions on the counterparties with which the Fund engages in derivatives transactions. As a result, the Fund may be unable to use certain derivative instruments or otherwise execute its investment strategy. These risks may be particularly acute to the extent the Fund uses commodity-related derivative instruments.

Options on Securities and Indexes. The Fund may, to the extent specified herein or in the Prospectus, purchase and sell both put and call options on equity, fixed-income or other securities or indexes in standardized contracts traded on foreign or domestic securities exchanges, boards of trade, or similar entities, or quoted on the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (“NASDAQ”) System or on a regulated foreign OTC market, and agreements, sometimes called cash puts, which may accompany the purchase of a new issue of bonds from a dealer. Among other reasons, the Fund may purchase put options to protect holdings in an underlying or related security against a decline in market value, and may purchase call options to protect against increases in the prices of securities it intends to purchase pending its ability to invest in such securities in an orderly manner.

An option on a security (or index) is a contract that gives the holder of the option, in return for a premium, the right to buy from (in the case of a call) or sell to (in the case of a put) the writer of the option the security underlying the option (or the cash value of the index) at a specified exercise price, often at any time during the term of the option for American options or only at expiration for European options. The writer of an option on a security has the obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the underlying security upon payment of the exercise price (in the case of a call) or to pay the exercise price upon delivery of the underlying security (in the case of a put). Certain put options written by the Fund, which counterparties may use as a source of liquidity, may be structured to have an exercise price that is less than the market value of the underlying securities that would be received by the Fund. Upon exercise, the writer of an option on an index is obligated to pay the difference between the cash value of the index and the exercise price multiplied by the specified multiplier for the index option. An index is designed to reflect features of a particular financial or securities market, a specific group of financial instruments or securities, or certain economic indicators.

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If an option written by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund realizes a capital gain equal to the premium received at the time the option was written. If an option purchased by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund realizes a capital loss equal to the premium paid. Prior to the earlier of exercise or expiration, an option may be closed out by an offsetting purchase or sale of an option of the same series (type, exchange, underlying security or index, exercise price, and expiration). There can be no assurance, however, that a closing purchase or sale transaction can be effected when the Fund desires. In addition, the Fund may sell put or call options it has previously purchased, which could result in a net gain or loss depending on whether the amount realized on the sale is more or less than the premium and other transaction costs paid on the put or call option which is sold.

The Fund will realize a capital gain from a closing purchase transaction if the cost of the closing option is less than the premium received from writing the option, or, if it is more, the Fund will realize a capital loss. If the premium received from a closing sale transaction is more than the premium paid to purchase the option, the Fund will realize a capital gain or, if it is less, the Fund will realize a capital loss. The principal factors affecting the market value of a put or a call option include supply and demand, interest rates, the current market price of the underlying security or index in relation to the exercise price of the option, the volatility of the underlying security or index, and the time remaining until the expiration date.

The premium paid for a put or call option purchased by the Fund is an asset of the Fund. The premium received for an option written by the Fund is recorded as a deferred credit. The value of an option purchased or written is marked to market daily and is valued in accordance with the Fund’s valuation policies and procedures. See “Net Asset Value” below.

The Fund may write covered straddles consisting of a combination of a call and a put written on the same underlying security. A straddle will be covered when sufficient liquid assets are deposited to meet the Fund’s immediate obligations. The Fund may use the same liquid assets to cover both the call and put options where the exercise price of the call and put are the same, or the exercise price of the call is higher than that of the put. In such cases, the Fund will also segregate or “earmark” liquid assets equivalent to the amount, if any, by which the put is “in the money.”

Risks Associated with Options on Securities and Indexes. There are several risks associated with transactions in options on securities and on indexes. For example, there are significant differences between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objectives. A decision as to whether, when and how to use options involves the exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived transaction may be unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or unexpected events.

During the option period, the covered call writer has, in return for the premium on the option, given up the opportunity to profit from a price increase in the underlying security above the exercise price, but, as long as its obligation as a writer continues, has retained the risk of loss should the price of the underlying security decline. The writer of an option often has no control over the time when it may be required to fulfill its obligation as a writer of the option. Once an option writer has received an exercise notice, it cannot effect a closing purchase transaction in order to terminate its obligation under the option and must deliver the underlying security at the exercise price. To the extent the Fund writes a put option, the Fund has assumed the obligation during the option period to purchase the underlying investment from the put buyer at the option’s exercise price if the put buyer exercises its option, regardless of whether the value of the underlying investment falls below the exercise price. This means that the Fund that writes a put option may be required to take delivery of the underlying investment and make payment for such investment at the exercise price. This may result in losses to the Fund and may result in the Fund holding the underlying investment for some period of time when it is disadvantageous to do so.

If a put or call option purchased by the Fund is not sold when it has remaining value, and if the market price of the underlying security remains equal to or greater than the exercise price (in the case of a put), or remains less than or equal to the exercise price (in the case of a call), the Fund will lose its entire investment in the option. Also, where a put or call option on a particular security is purchased to hedge against price movements in a related security, the price of the put or call option may move more or less than the price of the related security.

There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist when the Fund seeks to close out an option position. If the Fund were unable to close out an option that it had purchased on a security, it would have to exercise the option in order to realize any profit or the option may expire worthless. If the Fund were unable to close out a covered call option that it had written on a security, it would not be able to sell the underlying security unless the option expired without exercise. As the writer of a covered call option, the Fund forgoes, during the option’s life, the opportunity to profit from increases in the market value of the security covering the call option above the sum of the premium and the exercise price of the call.

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If trading were suspended in an option purchased by the Fund, the Fund would not be able to close out the option. If restrictions on exercise were imposed, the Fund might be unable to exercise an option it has purchased. Except to the extent that a call option on an index written by the Fund is covered by an option on the same index purchased by the Fund, movements in the index may result in a loss to the Fund; however, such losses may be mitigated by changes in the value of the Fund’s securities during the period the option was outstanding.

To the extent that the Fund writes a covered call option on a security it holds in its portfolio and intends to use such security as the sole means of “covering” its obligation under the call option, the Fund has, in return for the premium on the option, given up the opportunity to profit from a price increase in the underlying security above the exercise price during the option period, but, as long as its obligation under such call option continues, has retained the risk of loss should the price of the underlying security decline. If the Fund were unable to close out such a call option, the Fund would not be able to sell the underlying security unless the option expired without exercise.

Foreign Currency Options. To the extent the Fund invests in foreign currency-denominated securities, it may buy or sell put and call options on foreign currencies as a hedge against changes in the value of the U.S. dollar (or another currency) in relation to a foreign currency in which the Fund’s securities may be denominated. In addition, each of the Fund may buy or sell put and call options on foreign currencies either on exchanges or in the OTC market. A put option on a foreign currency gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell a foreign currency at the exercise price until the option expires. A call option on a foreign currency gives the purchaser of the option the right to purchase the currency at the exercise price until the option expires. Currency options traded on U.S. or other exchanges may be subject to position limits which may limit the ability of the Fund to reduce foreign currency risk using such options. OTC options differ from traded options in that they are bilateral contracts with price and other terms negotiated between buyer and seller, and generally do not have as much market liquidity as exchange-traded options. Under definitions adopted by the CFTC and SEC, many foreign currency options are considered swaps for certain purposes, including determination of whether such instruments are subject to margin requirements. See also “Risks of Government Regulation of Derivatives.”

Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts. A futures contract is an agreement to buy or sell a security or other asset for a set price on a future date. These contracts are traded on exchanges, so that, in most cases, a party can close out its position on the exchange for cash, without delivering the underlying security or other underlying asset. An option on a futures contract gives the holder of the option the right to buy or sell a position in a futures contract from or to the writer of the option, at a specified price and on or before a specified expiration date. The Fund may invest in futures or options on futures with respect to interest rates, foreign currencies, securities or commodity indexes. The Fund may invest in foreign exchange futures contracts and options thereon (“futures options”) that are traded on a U.S. or foreign exchange or board of trade, or similar entity, or quoted on an automated quotation system as an adjunct to their securities activities. In addition, the Fund may purchase and sell futures contracts on various securities indexes (“Index Futures”) and related options for hedging purposes and for investment purposes. The Fund purchase and sale of Index Futures is limited to contracts and exchanges which have been approved by the CFTC. Through the use of Index Futures and related options, the Fund may diversify risk in its portfolio without incurring the substantial brokerage costs which may be associated with investment in the securities of multiple issuers. The Fund may also avoid potential market and liquidity problems which may result from increases in positions already held by the Fund.

An interest rate, commodity, foreign currency or index futures contract provides for the future sale or purchase of a specified quantity of a financial instrument, commodity, foreign currency or the cash value of an index at a specified price and time. An Index Future is an agreement pursuant to which a party agrees to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of a securities index (“Index”) at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the index contract was originally written. Although the value of an Index might be a function of the value of certain specified securities, no physical delivery of these securities is made. A unit is the value of the relevant Index from time to time. Entering into a contract to buy units is commonly referred to as buying or purchasing a contract or holding a long position in an Index. Index Futures contracts can be traded through all major commodity brokers. The Fund will ordinarily be able to close open positions on the futures exchange on which Index Futures are then traded at any time up to and including the expiration day. As described below, the Fund will be required to segregate initial margin in the name of the futures broker upon entering into an Index Future. Variation margin will be paid to and received from the broker on a daily basis as the contracts are marked to market. For example, when the Fund has purchased an Index Future and the price of the relevant Index has risen, that position will have increased in value and the Fund will receive from the broker a variation margin payment equal to that increase in value. Conversely, when the Fund has purchased an Index Future and the price of the relevant Index has declined, the position would be less valuable and the Fund would be required to make a variation margin payment to the broker.

The Fund may close open positions on the futures exchanges on which Index Futures are traded at any time up to and including the expiration day. All positions which remain open at the close of the last Business Day of the contract’s life are required to settle on the next Business Day (based upon the value of the relevant index on the expiration day), with settlement made with the appropriate clearing house. Positions in Index Futures may be closed out by the Fund only on the futures exchanges upon which the Index Futures are then traded.

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A public market exists in futures contracts covering a number of indexes as well as financial instruments and foreign currencies, including, but not limited to: the S&P 500; the S&P Midcap 400; the Nikkei 225; the Markit CDX credit index; the iTraxx credit index; U.S. Treasury bonds; U.S. Treasury notes; U.S. Treasury bills; 90-day commercial paper; bank certificates of deposit; Eurodollar certificates of deposit; the Australian dollar; the Canadian dollar; the British pound; the Japanese yen; the Swiss franc; the Mexican peso; and certain multinational currencies, such as the euro. It is expected that other futures contracts will be developed and traded in the future. Certain futures contracts on indexes, financial instruments or foreign currencies may represent new investment products that lack track records.

The Fund might use financial futures contracts to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates that might adversely affect either the value of the Fund’s securities or the price of the securities which the Fund intends to purchase. The Fund’s hedging activities may include sales of futures contracts as an offset against the effect of expected increases in interest rates, and purchases of futures contracts as an offset against the effect of expected declines in interest rates. Although other techniques could be used to reduce the Fund’s exposure to interest rate fluctuations, the Fund may be able to hedge its exposure more effectively and perhaps at a lower cost by using futures contracts and futures options.

The Fund may also invest in commodity futures contracts and options thereon. A commodity futures contract is an agreement to buy or sell a commodity, such as an energy, agricultural or metal commodity at a later date at a price and quantity agreed-upon when the contract is bought or sold. The Fund may purchase and write call and put futures options. Futures options possess many of the same characteristics as options on securities and indexes (discussed above). A futures option gives the holder the right, in return for the premium paid, to

assume a long position (call) or short position (put) in a futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of a call option, the holder acquires a long position in the futures contract and the writer is assigned the opposite short position. In the case of a put option, the opposite is true. A call option is “in the money” if the value of the futures contract that is the subject of the option exceeds the exercise price. A put option is “in the money” if the exercise price exceeds the value of the futures contract that is the subject of the option.

The margin required for a futures contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is traded and may be modified during the term of the contract. Margin requirements on foreign exchanges may be different than U.S. exchanges. The initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the futures contract which is returned to the Fund upon termination of the contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. The Fund expects to earn interest income on its initial margin deposits. A futures contract held by the Fund is valued daily at the official settlement price of the exchange on which it is traded. Each day the Fund pays or receives cash, called “variation margin,” equal to the daily change in value of the futures contract. This process is known as “marking to market.” Variation margin does not represent a borrowing or loan by the Fund but is instead a settlement between the Fund and the broker of the amount one would owe the other if the futures contract expired. In computing daily net asset value, the Fund will mark to market its open futures positions.

The Fund is also required to deposit and maintain margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by it. Such margin deposits will vary depending on the nature of the underlying futures contract (and the related initial margin requirements), the current market value of the option, and other futures positions held by the Fund.

Although some futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of the underlying securities or commodities, generally these obligations are closed out prior to delivery by offsetting purchases or sales of matching futures contracts (i.e., with the same exchange, underlying security or index, and delivery month). Closing out a futures contract sale is effected by purchasing an offsetting futures contract for the same aggregate amount of the specific type of financial instrument or commodity with the same delivery date. If an offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, the Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is more, the Fund realizes a capital loss.

Conversely, if an offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is less, the Fund realizes a capital loss. Any transaction costs must also be included in these calculations.

The Fund may write covered straddles consisting of a call and a put written on the same underlying futures contract. A straddle will be covered when sufficient assets are deposited to meet the Fund’s immediate obligations. The Fund may use the same liquid assets to cover both the call and put options where the exercise price of the call and put are the same, or the exercise price of the call is higher than that of the put. In such cases, the Fund will also segregate liquid assets equivalent to the amount, if any, by which the put is “in the money.”

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Commodity Pool Operators and Commodity Trading Advisors. The CFTC has adopted regulations that subject registered investment companies and their investment advisers to regulation by the CFTC if the registered investment company invests more than a prescribed level of its liquidation value in futures, options on futures or commodities, swaps, or other financial instruments regulated under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) and the rules thereunder (“commodity interests”), or if the Fund markets itself as providing investment exposure to such instruments. The Adviser is registered with the CFTC as a “commodity pool operator” (“CPO”) however, with respect to the Fund, the Adviser has claimed an exclusion from registration as a CPO pursuant to CFTC Rule 4.5. For the Adviser to remain eligible for this exclusion, the Fund must comply with certain limitations, including limits on its ability to use any commodity interests and limits on the manner in which the Fund holds out its use of such commodity interests. These limitations may restrict the Fund’s ability to pursue its investment objective and strategies, increase the costs of implementing its strategies, result in higher expenses for the Fund, and/or adversely affect the Fund’s total return.

Risks Associated with Futures and Futures Options. There are several risks associated with the use of futures contracts and futures options as hedging techniques. A purchase or sale of a futures contract may result in losses in excess of the amount invested in the futures contract. Some of the risk may be caused by an imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the futures contract and the price of the security or other investment being hedged. The hedge will not be fully effective where there is such imperfect correlation. Also, an incorrect correlation could result in a loss on both the hedged securities in the Fund and the hedging vehicle, so that the portfolio return might have been greater had hedging not been attempted. For example, if the price of the futures contract moves more than the price of the hedged security, the Fund would experience either a loss or gain on the future which is not completely offset by movements in the price of the hedged securities. In addition, there are significant differences between the securities and futures markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between the markets, causing a given hedge not to achieve its objective. The degree of imperfection of correlation depends on circumstances such as variations in speculative market demand for futures and futures options on securities, including technical influences in futures trading and futures options, and differences between the financial instruments being hedged and the instruments underlying the standard contracts available for trading in such respects as interest rate levels, maturities, and creditworthiness of issuers. To compensate for imperfect correlations, the Fund may purchase or sell futures contracts in a greater dollar amount than the hedged securities if the volatility of the hedged securities is historically greater than the volatility of the futures contracts. Conversely, the Fund may purchase or sell fewer contracts if the volatility of the price of the hedged securities is historically less than that of the futures contracts. The risk of imperfect correlation generally tends to diminish as the maturity date of the futures contract approaches. A decision as to whether, when and how to hedge involves the exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived hedge may be unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or unexpected interest rate trends. Also, suitable hedging transactions may not be available in all circumstances.

Additionally, the price of Index Futures may not correlate perfectly with movement in the relevant index due to certain market distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions which could distort the normal relationship between the index and futures markets. Second, the deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market, and as a result, the futures market may attract more speculators than does the securities market. Increased participation by speculators in the futures market may also cause temporary price distortions. In addition, trading hours for foreign stock Index Futures may not correspond perfectly to hours of trading on the foreign exchange to which a particular foreign stock Index Future relates. This may result in a disparity between the price of Index Futures and the value of the relevant index due to the lack of continuous arbitrage between the Index Futures price and the value of the underlying index.

Futures exchanges may limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in certain futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price at the end of the current trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a futures contract subject to the limit, no more trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movements during a particular trading day and therefore does not limit potential losses because the limit may work to prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. For example, futures prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of positions and subjecting some holders of futures contracts to substantial losses.

The CFTC, certain foreign regulators, and many futures exchanges have established (and continue to evaluate and revise) speculative position limits, referred to as “position limits,” on the maximum net long or net short positions that any person may hold or control in particular options and futures contracts. In addition, U.S. federal position limits apply to swaps that are economically equivalent to certain futures contracts on agricultural, energy and metal commodities. All positions owned or controlled by the same person or entity, even if in different accounts, must be aggregated for purposes of determining whether the applicable position limits have been exceeded, unless an exemption applies. Thus, even if the Fund does not intend to exceed applicable position limits, it is possible that positions of different clients managed by the Adviser and its affiliates may be aggregated for this purpose. It is possible that the trading decisions of the Adviser may have to be modified and that positions held by the Fund may have to be liquidated in order to avoid exceeding such limits. The modification of investment decisions or the elimination of open positions, if it occurs, may adversely affect the performance of the Fund. The Fund may also be affected by other regimes, including those of the European Union and United Kingdom, and trading venues that impose position limits on commodity derivative contracts.

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There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist at a time when the Fund seeks to close out a futures or a futures option position, and that the Fund would remain obligated to meet margin requirements until the position is closed. In addition, many of the contracts discussed above are relatively new instruments without a significant trading history. As a result, there can be no assurance that an active market will develop or continue to exist.

Swap Agreements and Options on Swap Agreements. The Fund may engage in swap transactions, including, but not limited to, swap agreements on interest rates, security or commodity indexes, specific securities and commodities, and credit and event-linked swaps. To the extent the Fund may invest in foreign currency denominated securities, it may also invest in currency exchange rate swap agreements. The Fund may also enter into options on swap agreements (“swaptions”).

The Fund may enter into swap transactions for any legal purpose consistent with its investment objective and policies, such as attempting to obtain or preserve a particular return or spread at a lower cost than obtaining a return or spread through purchases and/or sales of instruments in other markets, to protect against currency fluctuations, as a duration management technique, to protect against any increase in the price of securities the Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date, or to gain exposure to certain markets in a more cost-efficient manner.

Swap agreements are bilateral contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from a few weeks to a number of years. Swap agreements are individually negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of types of investments or market factors. In a standard “swap” transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments, which may be adjusted for an interest factor. The gross returns to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties are generally calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” such as the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate, in a particular foreign (non-U.S.) currency, or in a “basket” of securities or commodities representing a particular index. A “quanto” or “differential” swap combines both an interest rate and a currency transaction. Certain swap agreements, such as interest rate swaps, are traded on exchanges and cleared through central clearing counterparties. Other forms of swap agreements include interest rate caps, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates exceed a specified rate, or “cap”; interest rate floors, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates fall below a specified rate, or “floor”; and interest rate collars, under which a party sells a cap and purchases a floor or vice versa in an attempt to protect itself against interest rate movements exceeding given minimum or maximum levels. A total return swap agreement is a contract in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to another party based on the change in market value of underlying assets, which may include a single stock, a basket of stocks, or a stock index during the specified period, in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or the total return from other underlying assets. Consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and general investment policies, the Fund may invest in commodity swap agreements. For example, an investment in a commodity swap agreement may involve the exchange of floating-rate interest payments for the total return on a commodity index. In a total return commodity swap, the Fund will receive the price appreciation of a commodity index, a portion of the index, or a single commodity in exchange for paying an agreed-upon fee. If the commodity swap is for one period, the Fund may pay a fixed fee, established at the outset of the swap. However, if the term of the commodity swap is more than one period, with interim swap payments, the Fund may pay an adjustable or floating fee. With a “floating” rate, the fee may be pegged to a base rate, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, and is adjusted each period. Therefore, if interest rates increase over the term of the swap contract, the Fund may be required to pay a higher fee at each swap reset date.

A swaption is a contract that gives a counterparty the right (but not the obligation) in return for payment of a premium, to enter into a new swap agreement or to shorten, extend, cancel or otherwise modify an existing swap agreement, at some designated future time on specified terms. The Fund may write (sell) and purchase put and call swaptions.

Most swap agreements entered into by the Fund would calculate the obligations of the parties to the agreement on a “net basis.” Consequently, the Fund’s current obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the “net amount”).

The Fund also may enter into OTC and cleared credit default swap agreements. The credit default swap agreement may reference one or more debt securities or obligations that are not currently held by the Fund. The protection “buyer” in an OTC credit default swap contract is generally obligated to pay the protection “seller” an upfront or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract until a credit event, such as a default, on a reference obligation has occurred. If a credit event occurs, the seller generally

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must pay the buyer the “par value” (full notional value) of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity described in the swap, or the seller may be required to deliver the related net cash amount if the swap is cash settled. The Fund may be either the buyer or seller in the transaction. If the Fund is a buyer and no credit event occurs, the Fund may recover nothing if the swap is held through its termination date. However, if a credit event occurs, the buyer may receive the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity whose value may have significantly decreased.

As a seller, the Fund generally receives an upfront payment or a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the swap provided that there is no credit event. As the seller, the Fund would effectively add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. The spread of a credit default swap is the annual amount the protection buyer must pay the protection seller over the length of the contract, expressed as a percentage of the notional amount. When spreads rise, market perceived credit risk rises and when spreads fall, market perceived credit risk falls. Wider credit spreads and decreasing market values, when compared to the notional amount of the swap, represent a deterioration of the credit soundness of the issuer of the reference obligation and a greater likelihood or risk of default or other credit event occurring as defined under the terms of the agreement. For credit default swap agreements on ABS and credit indices, the quoted market prices and resulting values, as well as the annual payment rate, serve as an indication of the current status of the payment/performance risk.

Credit default swap agreements sold by the Fund may involve greater risks than if the Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly since, in addition to general market risks, credit default swaps are subject to illiquidity risk, counterparty risk and credit risk. The Fund will enter into uncleared credit default swap agreements only with counterparties that meet certain standards of creditworthiness. A buyer generally also will lose its investment and recover nothing should no credit event occur and the swap is held to its termination date. If a credit event were to occur, the value of any deliverable obligation received by the seller, coupled with the upfront or periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the seller. In addition, there may be disputes between the buyer and seller of a credit default swap agreement or within the swaps market as a whole as to whether a credit event has occurred or what the payment should be. Such disputes could result in litigation or other delays, and the outcome could be adverse for the buyer or seller. The Fund’s obligations under a credit default swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owing to the Fund).

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) and related regulatory developments require the clearing and exchange-trading on a swap execution facility of certain standardized OTC derivative instruments that the CFTC and SEC have defined as “swaps.” The CFTC has implemented mandatory exchange-trading and clearing requirements under the Dodd-Frank Act and the CFTC continues to approve contracts for central clearing. Uncleared swaps are subject to certain margin requirements that mandate the posting and collection of minimum margin amounts on certain uncleared swaps transactions, which may result in the Fund and its counterparties posting higher margin amounts for uncleared swaps than would otherwise be the case. Central clearing is designed to reduce counterparty credit risk compared to uncleared swaps because central clearing interposes the central clearinghouse as the counterparty to each participant’s swap, but it does not eliminate those risks completely. There is also a risk of loss by a Fund of the initial and variation margin deposits in the event of insolvency of the clearing member with which a Fund has an open position in a swap contract. The assets of a Fund may not be fully protected in the event of the insolvency of the clearing member or central counterparty because customers of the clearing member (like the Fund) are generally limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds and margin segregated on behalf of a clearing member’s customers. If the clearing member does not provide accurate reporting, a Fund is also subject to the risk that the clearing member could use the Fund’s assets, which are held in an omnibus account with assets belonging to the clearing member’s other customers, to satisfy its own financial obligations or the payment obligations of another customer to the central counterparty. When the Fund enters into a cleared derivative transaction, the Fund is subject to the credit and counterparty risk of the clearinghouse and the clearing member through which it holds its cleared position. Counterparty risk of market participants with respect to centrally cleared derivatives is concentrated in a few clearinghouses and increasingly fewer clearing members. It is not clear how an insolvency proceeding of a clearinghouse would be conducted and what impact an insolvency of a clearinghouse would have on the financial system.

In addition, with respect to cleared swaps, the Fund may not be able to obtain as favorable terms as it would be able to negotiate for an uncleared swap. In addition, a clearing member may unilaterally impose position limits or additional margin requirements for certain types of swaps in which the Fund may invest. Central counterparties and clearing members generally can require termination of existing cleared swap transactions at any time, and can also require increases in margin above the margin that is required at the initiation of the swap agreement. Margin requirements for cleared swaps vary on a number of factors, and the margin required under the rules of the clearinghouse and the clearing member may be in excess of and more frequent than the collateral required to be posted by the Fund to support its obligations under a similar uncleared swap.

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Exchange-trading on a swap execution facility is intended to increase liquidity and transparency in respect of swaps trading. However, trading on a swap execution facility can create additional costs and risks for the Fund. For example, swap execution facilities typically charge fees, and if the Fund executes derivatives on a swap execution facility through a broker intermediary, the intermediary may impose fees as well. Also, the Fund may indemnify a swap execution facility, or a broker intermediary who executes cleared derivatives on a swap execution facility on the Fund’s behalf, against any losses or costs that may be incurred as a result of the Fund’s transactions on the swap execution facility.

Whether the Fund’s use of swap agreements or swaptions will be successful in furthering its investment objective will depend on the Adviser’s ability to predict correctly whether certain types of investments are likely to produce greater returns than other investments. Moreover, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. The Fund will enter into OTC swap agreements only with counterparties that meet certain standards of creditworthiness. Certain restrictions imposed on the Fund by the Code may limit the Fund’s ability to use swap agreements. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including additional government regulation, could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.

Like most other investments, swap agreements are subject to the risk that the market value of the instrument will change in a way detrimental to the Fund’s interest. The Fund bears the risk of future market trends or the values of assets, reference rates, indexes, or other economic factors. If the Fund uses a swap as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the Fund will be exposed to the risk that the swap will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment. This could cause substantial losses for the Fund. While hedging strategies involving swap instruments can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other Fund investments.

Many swaps are complex and often valued subjectively. Many over-the-counter derivatives are complex and their valuation often requires modeling and judgment, which increases the risk of mispricing or incorrect valuation. The pricing models used may not produce valuations that are consistent with the values the Fund realizes when it closes or sells an over-the-counter derivative. Valuation risk is more pronounced when the Fund enters into over-the-counter derivatives with specialized terms because the market value of those derivatives in some cases is determined in part by reference to similar derivatives with more standardized terms. Incorrect valuations may result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties, under collateralization and/or errors in calculation of the Fund’s net asset value.

Swaps are highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques, risk analyses, and tax planning different from those associated with traditional investments. The use of a swap requires an understanding not only of the referenced asset, reference rate, or index but also of the swap itself, without the benefit of observing the performance of the swap under all possible market conditions. Swap agreements may be subject to liquidity risk, which exists when a particular swap is difficult to purchase or sell. If a swap transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid (as is the case with many OTC swaps), it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses.

Because OTC swap agreements are bilateral contracts that may be subject to contractual restrictions on transferability and because they may have terms of greater than seven days, swap agreements may be considered to be illiquid. To the extent that a swap is not liquid, it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses.

Moreover, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. The Fund will enter into swap agreements only with counterparties that meet certain standards of creditworthiness. When a counterparty’s obligations are not fully secured by collateral, then the Fund is essentially an unsecured creditor of the counterparty. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies, but there is no assurance that a counterparty will be able to meet its obligations pursuant to such contracts or that, in the event of default, the Fund will succeed in enforcing contractual remedies. Counterparty risk still exists even if a counterparty’s obligations are secured by collateral because the Fund’s interest in collateral may not be perfected or additional collateral may not be promptly posted as required. Counterparty risk also may be more pronounced if a counterparty’s obligations exceed the amount of collateral held by the Fund (if any), the Fund is unable to exercise its interest in collateral upon default by the counterparty, or the termination value of the instrument varies significantly from the marked-to-market value of the instrument.

Depending on the terms of the particular option agreement, the Fund will generally incur a greater degree of risk when it writes a swaption than it will incur when it purchases a swaption. When the Fund purchases a swaption, it risks losing only the amount of the premium it has paid should it decide to let the option expire unexercised. However, when the Fund writes a swaption, upon exercise of the option the Fund will become obligated according to the terms of the underlying agreement.

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Risks of Government Regulation of Derivatives. It is possible that government regulation of various types of derivative instruments, including futures, options and swap agreements, and regulation of certain market participants’ use of the same, may limit or prevent the Fund from using such instruments as a part of its investment strategy, and could ultimately prevent the Fund from being able to achieve its investment objective. It is impossible to fully predict the effects of past, present or future legislation and regulation by multiple regulators in this area, but the effects could be substantial and adverse. It is possible that legislative and regulatory activity could limit or restrict the ability of the Fund to use certain instruments as a part of its investment strategy. For example, the SEC has implemented Rule 18f-4 which regulates a registered fund’s use of derivatives and related instruments. Rule 18f-4 may limit or restrict the ability of the Fund to use certain instruments as part of its investment strategy. Limits or restrictions applicable to the counterparties or issuers, as applicable, with which the Fund engages in derivative transactions could also limit or prevent the Fund from using certain instruments. In addition, in connection with the implementation of the Dodd-Frank Act, various U.S. regulatory agencies have implemented and are continuing to implement rules and regulations prescribed by the Dodd-Frank Act, including clearing, margin, reporting and registration requirements. The European Union, the United Kingdom, and some other jurisdictions have also implemented or are in the process of implementing similar requirements that will affect the Fund when it enters into derivatives transactions with a counterparty organized in that jurisdiction or otherwise subject to that jurisdiction’s derivatives regulations. Because these requirements are evolving (and some of the rules are not yet final), their ultimate impact remains unclear. These regulatory changes or any new regulatory changes could, among other things, restrict the Fund’s ability to engage in derivatives transactions and/or increase the costs of such derivatives transactions, and the Fund may be unable to execute its investment strategy as a result.

The futures markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations, and margin requirements. In addition, the SEC, CFTC and the exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of a market emergency, including, for example, the implementation or reduction of speculative position limits, the implementation of higher margin requirements, the establishment of daily price limits and the suspension of trading.

Also, in the event of a counterparty’s (or its affiliate’s) insolvency, the possibility exists that the Fund’s ability to exercise remedies, such as the termination of transactions, netting of obligations and realization on collateral, could be stayed or eliminated under special resolution regimes adopted in the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom and various other jurisdictions. Such regimes provide government authorities broad authority to intervene when a financial institution is experiencing financial difficulty. In particular, in the European Union and the United Kingdom, governmental authorities could reduce, eliminate, or convert to equity the liabilities to the Fund of a counterparty experiencing financial difficulties (sometimes referred to as a “bail in”).

Reverse Repurchase Agreements

The Fund may enter into reverse repurchase agreements and economically similar transactions for hedging or cash management purposes or to add leverage to its portfolio. A reverse repurchase agreement involves the sale of a portfolio-eligible security by the Fund, coupled with its agreement to repurchase the instrument at a specified time and price. Under a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund continues to be entitled to receive any principal and interest payments on the underlying security during the term of the agreement. Reverse repurchase agreements involve leverage risk and the risk that the market value of securities retained by the Fund may decline below the repurchase price of the securities sold by the Fund which it is obligated to repurchase. The SEC has finalized new rules requiring the central clearing of certain repurchase transactions involving U.S. Treasuries. Compliance with these rules is expected to be required in the middle of 2027.

The Fund also may effect simultaneous purchase and sale transactions that are known as “sale-buybacks.” A sale-buyback is similar to a reverse repurchase agreement, except that in a sale-buyback, the counterparty who purchases the security is entitled to receive any principal or interest payments made on the underlying security pending settlement of the Fund’s repurchase of the underlying security.

Repurchase Agreements

For the purposes of maintaining liquidity and achieving income, the Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with domestic commercial banks or registered broker-dealers. A repurchase agreement is a contract under which the Fund would acquire a security for a relatively short period (usually not more than one week) subject to the obligation of the seller to repurchase and the Fund to resell such security at a fixed time and price (representing the Fund’s cost plus interest). In the case of repurchase agreements with broker-dealers, the value of the underlying securities (or collateral) will be at least equal at all times to the total amount of the repurchase obligation, including the interest factor. The Fund bears a risk of loss in the event that the other party to a repurchase agreement defaults on its obligations and the Fund is delayed or prevented from exercising its rights to dispose of the collateral securities. This risk includes the risk of procedural costs or delays in addition to a loss on the securities if their value should fall below their repurchase price. The SEC has finalized new rules requiring the central clearing of certain repurchase transactions involving U.S. Treasuries. Compliance with these rules is expected to be required in the middle of 2027.

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Mortgage Dollar Rolls/Buybacks

A mortgage dollar roll/buyback is similar to a reverse repurchase agreement in certain respects. In a “dollar roll” or “buyback” transaction, the Fund sells a mortgage-related security, such as a security issued by GNMA, to a dealer and simultaneously agrees to repurchase a similar security (but not the same security) in the future at a pre-determined price. A “dollar roll/buyback” can be viewed, like a reverse repurchase agreement, as a collateralized borrowing in which the Fund pledges a mortgage-related security to a dealer to obtain cash. Unlike reverse repurchase agreements, the dealer with which the Fund enters into a dollar roll/buyback transaction is not obligated to return the same securities as those originally sold by the Fund, but only securities which are “substantially identical,” which generally means that the securities repurchased will bear the same interest rate and a similar maturity as those sold, but the pools of mortgages collateralizing those securities may have different prepayment histories than those sold.

It is possible that changing government regulation may affect the Fund’s use of these strategies. Changes in regulatory requirements concerning margin for certain types of financing transactions, such as repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, and securities lending and borrowing, could impact the Fund’s ability to utilize these investment strategies and techniques.

When-Issued, Delayed-Delivery, and Forward Commitment Transactions

The Fund may purchase or sell securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis. These transactions may be known as TBA transactions.

When purchasing a security on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis, the Fund assumes the rights and risks of ownership of the security, including the risk of price and yield fluctuations, and takes such fluctuations into account when determining its net asset value. Because the Fund is not required to pay for the security until the delivery date, these risks are in addition to the risks associated with the Fund’s other investments. If the Fund remains substantially fully invested at a time when when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment purchases are outstanding, the purchases may result in a form of leverage.

When the Fund has sold a security on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis, the Fund does not participate in future gains or losses with respect to the security. If the other party to a transaction fails to deliver or pay for the securities, the Fund could miss a favorable price or yield opportunity or could suffer a loss.

The Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a transaction after it is entered into, and may sell when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment securities before they are delivered, which may result in a capital gain or loss. There is no percentage limitation on the extent to which the Fund may purchase or sell securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis.

The Fund may purchase or sell securities, including mortgage-backed securities, in the TBA market. A TBA purchase commitment is a security that is purchased or sold for a fixed price and the underlying securities are announced at a future date. FINRA rules include mandatory margin requirements for the TBA market that require the Fund to post collateral in connection with its TBA transactions. There is no similar requirement applicable to the Fund’s TBA counterparties although in practice, standard documentation for TBA transactions typically includes provisions requiring the bilateral exchange of margin between parties. The collateralization of TBA trades could increase the cost of TBA transactions to the Fund and impose added operational complexity.

Securities of Other Investment Companies

Subject to the limitations prescribed by the 1940 Act, the Fund may invest in other investment companies, including, but not limited to, money market funds, ETFs, closed-end funds, and other pooled vehicles. These limitations prohibit the Fund from acquiring more than 3% of the voting shares of any one other investment company, and prohibit the Fund investing more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of any one other investment company or more than 10% of its total assets in securities of other investment companies in the aggregate. The percentage limitations above apply to investments in any investment company. Pursuant to rules adopted by the SEC, the Fund may invest in excess of these limitations if the Fund and the investment company in which the Fund would like to invest comply with certain conditions. Certain of the conditions do not apply if the Fund is investing in shares issued by affiliated funds. In addition, the Fund may invest in shares issued by money market funds, including certain unregistered money market funds, in excess of the limitations. The Fund’s investments in another investment company will be subject to the risks of the purchased investment company’s portfolio securities. The Fund’s stockholders must bear not only their proportionate share of the Fund’s fees and expenses, but they also must bear indirectly the fees and expenses of the other investment company.

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Private Placements and Restricted Securities

A private placement involves the sale of securities that have not been registered under the 1933 Act, or relevant provisions of applicable non-U.S. law, to certain institutional and qualified individual purchasers, such as the Fund. In addition to the general risks to which all securities are subject, securities received in a private placement generally are subject to strict restrictions on resale, and there may be no liquid secondary market or ready purchaser for such securities. Therefore, the Fund may be unable to dispose of such securities when it desires to do so, or at the most favorable time or price. Private placements may also raise valuation risks.

Commercial Paper

Commercial paper represents short-term unsecured promissory notes issued in bearer form by corporations such as banks or bank holding companies and finance companies. The Fund may invest in commercial paper of any credit quality consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies, including unrated commercial paper for which the Adviser has made a credit quality assessment. See Appendix A to the SAI for a description of the ratings assigned by Moody’s, S&P and Fitch. The rate of return on commercial paper may be linked or indexed to the level of exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency or currencies.

U.S. Government Securities

U.S. Government Securities are obligations of, and, in certain cases, guaranteed by, the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities. The U.S. Government does not guarantee the net asset value of the Fund’s shares. U.S. Government Securities are subject to market and interest rate risk, and may be subject to varying degrees of credit risk. Some U.S. Government Securities, such as Treasury bills, notes and bonds, and securities guaranteed by GNMA, are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; others, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; others, such as those of the FNMA, are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency’s obligations; and still others, such as securities issued by members of the Farm Credit System, are supported only by the credit of the agency, instrumentality or corporation. U.S. Government securities may include zero coupon securities, which do not distribute interest on a current basis and tend to be subject to greater risk than interest-paying securities of similar maturities.

Securities issued by U.S. Government agencies or government-sponsored enterprises may not be guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. GNMA, a wholly-owned U.S. Government corporation, is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved by GNMA and backed by pools of mortgages insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA. Government-related guarantors (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government) include the FNMA and the FHLMC. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. FHLMC guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but its PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.

U.S. Government Securities include securities that have no coupons, or have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons, individual interest coupons from such securities that trade separately, and evidence of receipt of such securities. Such securities may pay no cash income, and are purchased at a deep discount from their value at maturity. Because interest on zero coupon securities is not distributed on a current basis but is, in effect, compounded, zero coupon securities tend to be subject to greater risk than interest-paying securities of similar maturities. Custodial receipts issued in connection with so-called trademark zero coupon securities, such as Certificate of Accrual on Treasury Securities (“CATs”) and treasury investment growth receipts (“TIGRs”), are not issued by the U.S. Treasury, and are therefore not U.S. Government Securities, although the underlying bond represented by such receipt is a debt obligation of the U.S. Treasury. Other zero coupon Treasury securities (e.g., separate trading of registered interest and principal of securities (“STRIPs”) and coupons under book-entry safekeeping (“CUBEs”)) are direct obligations of the U.S. Government.

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Cybersecurity Risk

As the use of technology has become more prevalent and interconnected in the course of business, the Fund has become potentially more susceptible to operational and informational security risks resulting from breaches in cyber-security. A breach in cyber-security refers to both intentional and unintentional cyber events that may, among other things, cause the Fund to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption and/or destruction, lose operational capacity, result in the unauthorized release or other misuse of confidential information, or otherwise disrupt normal business operations. Cyber-security breaches may involve unauthorized access to the digital information systems that support the Fund (e.g., through “hacking,” ransomware or malicious software coding) or outside attacks such as denial-of-service attacks (i.e., efforts to make network services unavailable to intended users), but may also result from intentionally or unintentionally harmful acts of Adviser personnel. In addition, cyber-security breaches involving the Fund’s and the Adviser’s third party service providers (including but not limited to vendors, advisers, administrators, transfer agents, regulatory authorities, custodians, registry operators, distributors and other third parties), trading counterparties and issuers in which the Fund invests can also subject the Fund to many of the same risks associated with direct cyber-security breaches. Recently, geopolitical tensions may have increased the scale and sophistication of deliberate cybersecurity attacks, particularly those from nation-states or from entities with nation-state backing. In addition, work-from-home arrangements by the Adviser or its service providers could increase all of the above risks, create additional data and information accessibility concerns, and make the Fund, the Adviser or their service providers susceptible to operational disruptions, any of which could adversely impact their operations.

Cyber security failures or breaches may result in financial losses to the Fund and its stockholders. For example, cyber security failures or breaches involving trading counterparties or issuers in which the Fund invests could adversely impact such counterparties or issuers and cause the Fund’s investment to lose value. These failures or breaches may also result in disruptions to business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses; interference with the Fund’s ability to calculate its net asset value, process stockholder transactions or otherwise transact business with stockholders; impediments to trading; violations of applicable privacy and other laws; regulatory fines; penalties; third party claims in litigation; reputational damage; reimbursement or other compensation costs; additional compliance and cyber security risk management costs and other adverse consequences. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future.

Like with operational risk in general, the Fund has established business continuity plans and risk management systems designed to reduce the risks associated with cyber security. However, there are inherent limitations in these plans and systems, including that certain risks may not have been identified, in large part because different or unknown threats may emerge in the future. As such, there is no guarantee that such efforts will succeed, especially because the Fund does not directly control the cyber security systems of issuers in which the Fund may invest, trading counterparties or third party service providers to the Fund. Such entities have experienced cyber attacks and other attempts to gain unauthorized access to systems from time to time, and there is no guarantee that efforts to prevent or mitigate the effects of such attacks or other attempts to gain unauthorized access will be successful. There is also a risk that cyber security breaches may not be detected. The Fund and its stockholders may suffer losses as a result of a cyber security breach related to the Fund, its service providers, trading counterparties or the issuers in which the Fund invests.

Short-Term and Temporary Defensive Investments As described in the Prospectus, the Fund is authorized to temporarily invest a substantial amount, or even all, of its assets in various short-term fixed income securities to take a defensive position. Temporary defensive securities include:

•

Short-Term Taxable Securities. The Fund may invest in bonds, the interest on which is subject to U.S. federal income tax, and the Fund may be exempt from its state’s (if applicable) income tax.

•

U.S. Government Securities. U.S. Government securities include securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies, or government sponsored enterprises, including Treasury bills, notes, bonds, and certificates of indebtedness that are issued or guaranteed as to principal or interest by the U.S. Treasury or U.S. Government sponsored enterprises.

•

Commercial Paper. Commercial paper consists of unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations to finance short-term credit needs. Commercial paper is issued in bearer form with maturities generally not exceeding nine months. Commercial paper obligations may include variable amount master demand notes. Bank certificates of deposit and time deposits. Certificates of deposit are certificates issued against funds deposited in a bank or a savings and loan. They are issued for a definite period of time and earn a specified rate of return.

•

Bankers’ Acceptances. Bankers’ acceptances are short-term credit instruments evidencing the obligation of a bank to pay a draft that has been drawn on it by a customer. These instruments reflect the obligations both of the bank and of the drawer to pay the face amount of the instrument upon maturity. They primarily are used to finance the import, export, transfer, or storage of goods. They are “accepted” when a bank guarantees their payment at maturity.

•

Repurchase agreements with maturities of less than seven days.

•

Registered Money Market Funds. Certain money market funds may impose a fee upon the sale of shares or may temporarily suspend the ability of investors to redeem shares if such fund’s liquidity falls below required minimums.

•

Comparable foreign fixed income securities.

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INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

The Fund’s investment objective and the following restrictions are fundamental policies which may not be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities. The investment percentage limitations set forth below and other percentage limitations set forth in the Prospectus apply at the time of initial purchase or investment. Subsequent changes in relative size of a portfolio position due to market fluctuations or other changes in total or net assets, including market fluctuations occurring during the execution of a purchase or sale order for the Fund, do not require elimination of any security from the Fund’s investment portfolio.

The Fund will not:

Purchase the securities of any issuer (other than U.S. Government Securities), if immediately thereafter the Fund with respect to 75% of its total assets would (a) have more than 5% of its total assets invested in the securities of such issuer, or (b) own more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer.

Invest 25% or more of its total assets in securities of issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry; provided that there is no limitation with respect to investments in U.S. Government Securities.

Make loans of money to other persons (except the Fund may invest in repurchase agreements and in unregistered convertible securities as provided in (11) below); provided that for purposes of this restriction the acquisition of a portion of an issue of publicly distributed convertible securities and other debt securities and investment in U.S. Government Securities, short-term commercial paper, certificates of deposit, and bankers’ acceptances shall not be deemed to be the making of a loan; and provided further that the Fund may lend portfolio securities representing up to 25% of its total assets, taken at market value, to securities firms and financial institutions if it receives collateral in cash or U.S. Government Securities required to be maintained at all times in an amount equal to at least 100% of the current market value of the loaned securities.

Engage in underwriting of securities of other issuers, except that portfolio securities, including unregistered securities, may be acquired under circumstances where, if sold, the Fund might be deemed to be an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933.

Borrow money or issue senior securities (as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940), except as permitted under, or to the extent not prohibited by, the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and rules thereunder, as interpreted or modified by regulatory authority having jurisdiction from time to time. For the purpose of this investment restriction, collateral or escrow arrangements with respect to margin for futures contracts are not deemed to be a pledge of assets and neither such arrangements nor the purchase of futures contracts are deemed to be the issuance of a senior security.

Purchase or sell commodity contracts except that the Company may purchase stock index futures contracts and purchase and sell interest rate futures contracts and options on interest rate futures contracts.

Purchase or sell real estate or real estate mortgage loans; provided that the Fund may invest in securities secured by real estate or interests therein or issued by companies that invest in real estate or interests therein.

Purchase securities on margin, except for short-term credits as may be necessary for the clearance of transactions.

Make short sales of securities or maintain a short position except as described in the Prospectus.

10.

Purchase or sell (write) call options except as permitted under, or to the extent not prohibited by, the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and rules thereunder, as interpreted or modified by regulatory authority having jurisdiction from time to time.

11.

Invest more than 15% of its total assets taken at market value, in unregistered convertible securities, including any unregistered common stock acquired upon conversion or exchange of unregistered convertible securities, excluding, however, restricted securities eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933 which the Board of Directors, or the Fund’s Adviser has determined under Board-approved guidelines, are liquid.

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For purposes of applying the terms of investment restriction number 2, the Adviser will make reasonable determinations as to the appropriate industry classification to assign to each issuer of securities in which the Fund invests. As a general matter, an “industry” is considered to be a group of companies whose principal activities, products or services offered give them a similar economic risk profile vis a vis issuers active in other sectors of the economy. The definition of what constitutes a particular “industry” is therefore an evolving one, particularly for issuers in industries that are new or are undergoing rapid development. Some issuers could reasonably fall within more than one industry category. For example, some companies that sell goods over the Internet (including issuers of securities in which the Fund invests) were initially classified as Internet companies, but over time have evolved the economic risk profiles of retail companies. The Adviser will use its best efforts to assign each issuer to the category which it believes is most appropriate.

MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND

Directors and Officers

The business and affairs of the Fund are managed under the direction of the Board and the Fund’s officers appointed by the Board. The Board is responsible for overseeing the Fund’s affairs. The Board currently consists of nine Directors, seven of whom are not “interested persons” of the Fund (the “Independent Directors”) and two of whom are “interested persons” of the Fund (the “Interested Directors”), as defined in the 1940 Act. Detailed information about the Directors and officers of the Fund, including their names, addresses, ages and principal occupations for the last five years, is set forth in the table below. “Fund Complex” refers to the Fund, TCW Funds, Inc. [(consisting of [11] portfolios as of [ ], 2025), TCW ETF Trust (consisting of [11] portfolios as of [ ], 2025), TCW Metropolitan West Funds (consisting of [9] portfolios as of [ ], 2025), and TCW Private Asset Income Fund (consistent of 1 portfolio as of [ ], 2025.]. The tables below list the directors and officers of the Fund and their present positions and principal occupations during the past five years.

Independent Directors


Name, Address, Year of Birth and Position with the Fund⁽¹⁾	Term of Office and Length of Time Served	Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years	Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen	Other Directorships Held During Past Five Years
Patrick C. Haden (1953) Vice Chairman of the Board and Director	Term: Until [ ] Served since 2001	President (since 2003), Wilson Ave. Consulting (business consulting firm).	33	Auto Club (affiliate of AAA); TCW Metropolitan West Funds (mutual fund); TCW Funds, Inc. (mutual fund); TCW ETF Trust (exchange-traded fund); TCW Private Asset Income Fund (closed-end fund).

Martin Luther King III (1957) Director	Term: Until [ ] Served since 2024	President and Chief Executive Officer (since 1998), The King Center (non-profit organization); Chief Executive Officer (since January 2006), Realizing the Dream (non-profit organization); Independent motivational lecturer (since 1980).	33	TCW Metropolitan West Funds (mutual fund); TCW Funds, Inc. (mutual fund); TCW ETF Trust (exchange-traded fund); TCW Private Asset Income Fund (closed-end fund).

Peter McMillan (1957) Director	Term: Until [ ] Served since 2010	Co-founder (since 2019), Pacific Oak Capital Advisors (investment advisory firm); Co-founder, Managing Partner and Chief Investment Officer (since May 2013), Temescal Canyon Partners (investment advisory firm); Co-founder and Executive Vice President (2005-2019), KBS Capital Advisors (a manager of real estate investment trusts).	33	Pacific Oak Strategic Opportunity REIT (real estate investments); Keppel Pacific Oak U.S. REIT (real estate investments) Pacific Oak Residential Trust (real estate investments); TCW Metropolitan West Funds (mutual fund); TCW Funds, Inc. (mutual fund); TCW ETF Trust (exchange-traded fund); TCW DL VII Financing LLC (private fund); TCW Private Asset Income Fund (closed-end fund).

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Name, Address, Year of Birth and Position with the Fund⁽¹⁾	Term of Office and Length of Time Served	Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years	Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen	Other Directorships Held During Past Five Years
Victoria B. Rogers (1961) Director	Term: Until [ ] Served since 2011	President and Chief Executive Officer (since 1996), The Rose Hills Foundation (charitable foundation).	33	Causeway Capital Management Trust (mutual fund); Norton Simon Museum (art museum); The Rose Hills Foundation (charitable foundation); Saint John’s Health Center Foundation (charitable foundation); TCW Metropolitan West Funds (mutual fund); TCW Funds, Inc. (mutual fund); TCW ETF Trust (exchange-traded fund);TCW Private Asset Income Fund (closed-end fund).

Robert G. Rooney (1957) Director	Term: [ ] Served since 2024	Founder (since August 2022), RGR Advisors CT, LLC (financial advisory firm); Senior Financial Advisor (August 2020 – March 2021), Chief Financial and Administrative Officer (November 2018 – August 2020), REEF Technology (real estate and technology services company).	33	TCW Metropolitan West Funds (mutual fund); TCW Funds, Inc. (mutual fund); TCW ETF Trust (exchange-traded fund); TCW Private Asset Income Fund (closed-end fund).

Michael Swell (1966) Director	Term: [ ] Served since 2024	Retired (since 2021); Partner and Managing Director (2007-2021), Goldman Sachs Asset Management (asset management company).	33	TCW Metropolitan West Funds (mutual fund); TCW Funds, Inc. (mutual fund); TCW ETF Trust (exchange-traded fund); TCW Private Asset Income Fund (closed-end fund); Apollo Realty Income Solutions, Inc. (non-traded real estate investment trust).

Andrew Tarica (1959) Chairman of the Board and Director	Term: Until [ ] Served since 2012	Retired (since December 2024); Chief Executive Officer (2001-2024), Meadowbrook Capital Management (asset management company); and Employee (since 2003), Cowen Prime Services (broker-dealer).	33	TCW Metropolitan West Funds (mutual fund); TCW Funds, Inc. (mutual fund); TCW ETF Trust (exchange-traded fund); TCW Direct Lending VII, LLC (business development company); TCW Direct Lending VIII, LLC (business development company); TCW Star Direct Lending, LLC (business development company); TCW Spirit Direct Lending, LLC (closed-end fund); TCW Private Asset Income Fund (closed-end fund).

⁽¹⁾	The address of each Independent Director is c/o The TCW Group, Inc., 515 South Flower Street, Los Angeles, California 90071.

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Interested Directors


Name, Address, Year of Birth and Position with the Fund⁽²⁾	Term of Office and Length of Time Served	Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years	Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen	Other Directorships Held
Megan McClellan (1978) Director, President and Principal Executive Officer	Term: Until [ ] Served as a Director since 2024 and as President and Principal Executive Officer since 2023	Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer (since July 2023), the Adviser, The TCW Group, Inc., TCW LLC, Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC and TCW Asset Management Company LLC; President and Principal Executive Officer (since December 2023), TCW Metropolitan West Funds, TCW ETF Trust and TCW Funds, Inc. and (since September 2024), TCW Private Asset Income Fund; Managing Director (2013-2023), J.P. Morgan Asset Management.	[ ]	TCW Metropolitan West Funds (mutual fund); TCW Funds, Inc. (mutual fund); TCW ETF Trust (exchange-traded fund); TCW Private Asset Income Fund (closed-end fund).
Patrick Moore⁽³⁾ (1964) Director	Term: Until [ ] Served since 2024	Group Managing Director (since 2000), the Adviser, TCW Asset Management Company LLC, TCW LLC and Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC. Mr. Moore is a member of the CFA Institute.	[ ]	TCW Metropolitan West Funds (mutual fund); TCW Funds, Inc. (mutual fund); TCW ETF Trust (exchange-traded fund); TCW Private Asset Income Fund (closed-end fund).

⁽¹⁾	Each of these directors is an “interested person” of the Fund, as defined in the 1940 Act, because he or she is an officer of the Adviser.

⁽²⁾	The address of each Interested Director is c/o The TCW Group, Inc., 515 South Flower Street, Los Angeles, CA 90071.

⁽³⁾	Mr. Moore will retire effective [September 16], 2025.

Leadership Structure

The Board is responsible for the overall management of the Fund, including general supervision of the duties performed by the Adviser and other service providers in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, other applicable laws and the Fund’s Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws. The Board meets in regularly scheduled meetings throughout the year. It is currently composed of nine Directors, including seven Independent Directors. As discussed below, the Board has established two committees to assist the Board in performing its oversight responsibilities.

The Board has appointed an Independent Director to serve as its Chairman. The Chairman’s primary role is to set the agenda of the Board and determine what information is provided to the Board with respect to matters to be acted upon by the Board. The Chairman presides at all meetings of the Board and leads the Board through its various tasks. The Chairman also acts as a liaison with management in carrying out the Board’s functions. The Chairman also performs such other functions as may be requested by the Board from time to time. The designation of an Independent Director as Chairman does not impose any duties, obligations or liabilities that are greater than the duties, obligations or liabilities imposed on such person as a member of the Board generally.

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The Fund has determined that the Board’s leadership structure is appropriate given the characteristics and circumstances of the Fund, including such matters as the number of funds in the Fund Complex, the net assets of the Fund and the committee structure of the Fund.

Risk Oversight

Through its direct oversight role, and indirectly through its Committees, the Board performs a risk oversight function for the Fund consisting, among other things, of the following activities:

General Oversight. The Board regularly meets with, or receives reports from, the officers of the Fund and representatives of key service providers to the Fund, including the Adviser, administrator, transfer agent, custodian and independent registered public accounting firm to review and discuss the operational activities of the Fund and to provide direction with respect thereto.

Compliance Oversight. The Board reviews and approves the procedures of the Fund established to ensure compliance with applicable federal securities laws. The Board keeps informed about how the Fund’s operations conform to its compliance procedures through regular meetings with, and reports received from, the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer and other officers.

Investment Oversight. The Board monitors the Fund’s investment performance during the year through regular performance reports from management with references to appropriate performance measurement indices. The Board also receives focused performance presentations on a regular basis, including special written reports and oral presentations by portfolio managers. In addition, the Board monitors the Fund’s investment practices, reviews its investment strategies with management and receives focused presentations.

Valuation Oversight. The Board has designated the Adviser as the “valuation designee” to perform all fair value determinations. The Adviser, as the valuation designee, will (1) periodically assess and manage valuation risks; (2) establish and apply fair value methodologies; (3) test fair value methodologies; (4) oversee and evaluate third-party pricing services; and (5) maintain various records. This designation will be subject to Board oversight and certain reporting and other requirements designed to facilitate the Board’s ability to effectively oversee the Adviser’s process for making fair value determinations.

Financial Reporting. Through its Audit Committee, the Board meets regularly with the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm to discuss financial reporting matters, the adequacy of the Fund’s internal controls over financial reporting, and risks to accounting and financial reporting matters.

Board Committees

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee makes recommendations to the Board concerning the selection of the independent auditors and reviews with the auditors the results of the annual audit, including the scope of auditing procedures, the adequacy of internal controls and compliance by the Fund with the accounting, recording and financial reporting requirements of the 1940 Act. The Audit Committee also reviews compliance with the Code of Ethics by the executive officers, directors and investment personnel of the Adviser. The Audit Committee consists of Ms. Rogers and Messrs. Haden, King, McMillan, Rooney, Swell and Tarica. Each Audit Committee member is an Independent Director. Mr. Rooney serves as the Chair of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

Nominating and Governance Committee

The Nominating and Governance Committee makes recommendations to the Board regarding nominations for membership on the Board. It evaluates candidates’ qualifications for Board membership and, with respect to nominees for positions as Independent Directors, their independence from the Adviser and other principal service providers of the Fund. The Nominating and Governance Committee periodically reviews director compensation and recommends any appropriate changes to the Board. The Nominating and Governance Committee also reviews, and may make recommendations to the Board relating to, those issues that pertain to the effectiveness of the Board in carrying out its responsibilities of overseeing the management of the Fund. The Nominating and Governance Committee also considers general matters of Fund governance and operations of the Board. The Nominating and Governance Committee consists of Ms. Rogers and Messrs. Haden, King, McMillan, Rooney, Swell and Tarica. Each Nominating and Governance Committee member is an Independent Director. Mr. McMillan serves as the Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee. The Nominating and Governance Committee met two times during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

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The Nominating and Governance Committee will consider potential director candidates recommended by Fund stockholders provided that the proposed candidates: satisfy the director qualification requirements provided in the Nominating and Governance Committee Charter; are not “interested persons” of the Fund within the meaning of the 1940 Act; and are “independent” as defined in the NYSE listing standards. Director qualification requirements include, but are not limited to, the following:

(a)

The nominee may not be the nominating stockholder, a member of a nominating stockholder group, or a member of the immediate family of the nominating stockholder or any member of a nominating stockholder group;

(b)

Neither the nominee nor any member of the nominee’s immediate family may be currently employed or employed within the last year by any nominating stockholder entity or entity in a nominating stockholder group;

(c)

Neither the nominee nor any immediate family member of the nominee is permitted to have accepted directly or indirectly, during the year of the election for which the nominee’s name was submitted, during the immediately preceding calendar year, or during the year when the nominee’s name was submitted, any consulting, advisory, or other compensatory fee from the nominating stockholder or any member of a nominating stockholder group;

(d)

The nominee may not be an executive officer or director (or person performing similar functions) of the nominating stockholder or any member of a nominating stockholder group, or of an affiliate of a nominating stockholder or any such member of a nominating stockholder group;

(e)

The nominee may not control (as “control” is defined in the 1940 Act) the nominating stockholder or any member of a nominating stockholder group (or in the case of a holder or member that is a fund, an interested person of such holder or member as defined by Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act); and

(f)

A stockholder or nominating stockholder group may not submit for consideration a nominee who has previously been considered by the Nominating and Governance Committee.

In addition, the nominating stockholder or stockholder group must meet the following requirements in order for the Nominating and Governance Committee to consider a proposed nominee:

(a)

Any stockholder or stockholder group submitting a proposed nominee must beneficially own, either individually or in the aggregate, more than 5% of the Company’s securities that are eligible to vote both at the time of submission of the nominee and at the time of the annual meeting at which the nominee may be elected. Each of the securities used for purposes of calculating this ownership must have been held continuously for at least two years as of the date of the nomination. In addition, such securities must continue to be held through the date of the meeting. The nominating stockholder or stockholder group must also bear the economic risk of the investment and the securities used for purposes of calculating the ownership cannot be held “short”; and

(b)

The nominating stockholder or stockholder group must not qualify as an adverse holder (as defined in the Nominating and Governance Committee Charter).

A nominating stockholder or stockholder group may not submit more than one Independent Director nominee each calendar year.

Stockholders recommending potential director candidates must substantiate compliance with these requirements at the time of submitting their proposed director candidates to the attention of the Fund’s Secretary. Notice to the Fund’s Secretary should provide: (i) the stockholder’s contact information; (ii) the director candidate’s contact information and the number of Fund shares owned by the proposed candidate; (iii) all information regarding the candidate that would be required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for elections of directors required by Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and (iv) a notarized letter executed by the director candidate, stating his or her intention to serve as a nominee and be named in the Fund’s proxy statement, if nominated by the Board of Directors, and to serve as director if so elected.

The Nominating and Governance Committee may identify prospective candidates from any reasonable source and is authorized to engage third-party services for the identification and evaluation of potential nominees. The Fund’s Nominating and Governance Committee Charter provides minimum qualifications for Fund directors which include expertise, experience or relationships that are relevant to the Fund’s business, and educational qualifications. The Nominating and Governance Committee may recommend that the Board modify these minimum qualifications from time to time. The Nominating and Governance Committee meets at least annually to identify and evaluate nominees for director and make its recommendations to the Board.

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Additional Information about the Directors

The Fund seeks as Directors individuals of distinction and experience in business or finance, government service or academia. In determining that a particular person was and continues to be qualified to serve as a Director, the Board has considered a variety of criteria, none of which, in isolation, was controlling. Based on a review of the experience, qualifications, attributes or skills of each Director, including those described below, the Board has determined that each of the current Directors is qualified to serve as a Director of the Fund. In addition, the Board believes that, collectively, the Directors have balanced and diverse experience, qualifications, attributes and skills that allow the Board to operate effectively in governing the Fund and protecting the interests of stockholders.

Patrick C. Haden. Mr. Haden, the Independent Vice Chair of the Board, is the President of Wilson Ave. Consulting. From July 2016 through June 2017, Mr. Haden served as the Senior Advisor to the President of the University of Southern California. He also currently serves on the boards of Auto Club, an affiliate of AAA, the TCW Funds, Inc., the TCW Metropolitan West Funds, TCW ETF Trust and TCW Private Asset Income Fund. Previously, he was the Athletic Director of the University of Southern California. Mr. Haden is a Rhodes Scholar and prior to August 2010, was a member of the board of trustees of the University of Southern California.

Martin Luther King III. Mr. King is a nationally prominent community leader and organizer. He has had leadership positions with various community organizations, including serving as President and Chief Executive Officer of The King Center (since 1998) and as Chief Executive Officer of Realizing the Dream (since January 2006), a non-profit organization that continues the humanitarian and liberating work of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Mrs. Coretta Scott King. He has been engaged as an independent motivational lecturer since 1980. Mr. King currently serves on the boards of TCW Metropolitan West Funds, TCW ETF Trust, TCW Funds, Inc., and TCW Private Asset Income Fund.

Megan McClellan. Ms. McClellan is Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer of The TCW Group, Inc., TCW LLC, the Adviser, TCW Asset Management Company LLC, and Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC. In this role, she develops and implements long-term strategic plans for TCW focused on growth and innovation with President and CEO Katie Koch. Ms. McClellan is also President and Principal Executive Officer of TCW Metropolitan West Funds, TCW ETF Trust, TCW Funds, Inc., and TCW Private Asset Income Fund. Prior to joining TCW, Ms. McClellan spent more than 15 years at J.P. Morgan where she held a number of senior roles across the firm, including Global Head of Private Credit, CFO of Asset Management, and Head of U.S. Fixed Income for Wealth Management. Prior to her leadership roles, Ms. McClellan was a fixed income trader and portfolio manager. She currently serves on the boards of TCW Metropolitan West Funds, TCW ETF Trust, TCW Funds, Inc., and TCW Private Asset Income Fund. Active in the community, Ms. McClellan serves as Co-Chair for the Philips Andover Academy Development Board and as a member of the board of the Block Island Maritime Institute. She volunteers with the SPCA of Westchester County.

Peter McMillan. Mr. McMillan, the Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee, is a Co-founder of Pacific Oak Capital Advisors, an investment advisory firm, and Co-Founder, Managing Partner and Chief Investment Officer of Temescal Canyon Partners, an investment advisory firm. Mr. McMillan is a Co-founder of KBS Capital Advisors, a manager of real estate investment trusts, and from 2005 through 2019, served as Executive Vice President. Mr. McMillan serves on the boards of various Pacific Oak real estate investment trusts, TCW Funds, Inc., TCW Metropolitan West Funds, TCW Private Asset Income Fund and TCW DL VII Financing LLC. Prior to forming Willowbrook Capital Group LLC in 2000, Mr. McMillan served as the Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer of Sun America Investments, Inc. Prior to 1989, he served as Assistant Vice President for Aetna Life Insurance and Annuity Company with responsibility for the company’s fixed income portfolios.

Patrick Moore. Mr. Moore is Group Managing Director of the Adviser, TCW LLC, TCW Asset Management Company LLC, and Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC, and has many years of experience with the Adviser’s portfolio management activities for its clients, including the Fund. Mr. Moore serves on the boards of TCW Metropolitan West Funds, TCW ETF Trust, TCW Funds, Inc., and TCW Private Asset Income Fund. Mr. Moore will retire effective [September 16], 2025.

Victoria B. Rogers. Ms. Rogers is President and Chief Executive Officer of The Rose Hills Foundation. She also serves on the boards of The Rose Hills Foundation, Norton Simon Museum, Saint John’s Health Center Foundation, TCW Funds, Inc., TCW Metropolitan West Funds, TCW ETF Trust, TCW Private Asset Income Fund, and Causeway Capital Management Trust, a mutual fund complex. Previously, Ms. Rogers served on the boards of The Chandler School, The Hotchkiss School, Polytechnic School, Stanford University, USA Water Polo, USC Rossier School of Education, and the YMCA of Metropolitan Los Angeles. Ms. Rogers has substantial experience in the area of taxes, accounting, non-profit organizations, and foundation management having been previously employed by Deloitte, Security Pacific Bank, and The Whittier Trust Company.

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Robert G. Rooney. Mr. Rooney, a CPA and the Chair of the Audit Committee, is a transformation leader with over 35 years of senior executive and board experience with private equity backed and public companies, including in-depth experience with financial and compliance matters. In 2022 he formed a financial advisory firm, RGR Advisors CT, LLC. He has served as Chief Financial and Administrative Officer and Senior Financial Advisor of Reef Technology from November 2018 to March 2021. He was Chief Financial Officer of Citizens Parking Inc. from January 2018 to November 2018 (when a major division was sold to Reef), Chief Financial Officer of Novitex Enterprise Solutions, Inc. from 2015 to 2017, Partner at Televerse Media from 2011 to 2015, and was Chief Financial Officer and then Chief Operating Officer for Affinion Group and its predecessors from 2001 to 2011. Mr. Rooney serves as Chair of the audit committees on the boards of TCW Metropolitan West Funds, TCW ETF Trust, TCW Funds, Inc., and TCW Private Asset Income Fund.

Michael Swell. Mr. Swell has many years of experience as an executive in the securities industry. He served as Partner and Managing Director of Goldman Sachs Asset Management from 2007 to 2021 where he led portfolio management globally across all fixed income products. He founded and served as portfolio manager on a number of flagship fixed income funds/strategies and has successfully trained, mentored, and managed a large number of employees. Prior to joining Goldman Sachs, Mr. Swell was a senior managing director and led the fixed income team at Friedman, Billings & Ramsey. Prior to Friedman, Billings & Ramsey, Mr. Swell was vice president and head of securities sales and trading at Freddie Mac. Mr. Swell serves on the boards of Apollo Realty Income Solutions Inc., TCW Metropolitan West Funds, TCW ETF Trust, TCW Funds, Inc., and TCW Private Asset Income Fund.

Andrew Tarica. Mr. Tarica is the Independent Chair of the Board. From 2001 through December 2024, Mr. Tarica was Chief Executive Officer of Meadowbrook Capital Management, a fixed-income credit asset management company that also manages a fixed income credit fund. From 2003 through 2010, Mr. Tarica served as an employee of the broker-dealer business of Sanders Morris Harris, a Houston, Texas-based asset manager and broker-dealer, where he managed a fixed-income portfolio. Sanders Morris Harris’ broker-dealer business became Concept Capital Markets, LLC in 2010. In September 2015, Concept Capital Markets, LLC was purchased by Cowen & Co, where Mr. Tarica was employed until January 2022. From 1992 to 1999, Mr. Tarica was the global head of the high-grade corporate bond department at Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette. From 1990 to 1992, he ran the investment grade sales and trading department at Kidder Peabody. He began his career at Drexel Burnham in 1983 in the investment grade trading area, where he eventually became the head of trading. He also serves on the boards of TCW Metropolitan West Funds, TCW ETF Trust, TCW Funds, Inc., TCW Private Asset Income Fund, TCW Direct Lending VII LLC, TCW Direct Lending VIII, LLC, TCW Star Direct Lending, LLC, and TCW Spirit Direct Lending, LLC.

Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports

Section 16(a) of the 1934 Act and Section 30(h) of the 1940 Act, as applied to the Company, require the Company’s officers and Directors, Adviser, certain affiliates of the Adviser, and persons who beneficially own more than ten percent of a registered class of the Fund’s securities (“Reporting Persons”) to file reports of ownership of the Fund’s securities and changes in such ownership with the SEC and the NYSE. Reporting Persons are also required by such regulations to furnish the Fund with copies of all Section 16(a) reports they file.

Based solely on its review of the copies of Forms 3, 4 and 5 and amendments thereto received by the Fund and written representations of certain Reporting Persons, the Fund believes that during the fiscal year 2024 all required Section 16(a) ownership reports were timely filed, except for delayed Form 3 filings submitted in 2025 for new directors Messrs. King and Swell in connection with their election to the Board in 2024.

Ownership of Securities

The following table sets forth the equity ownership of the Directors, as of December 31, 2024, in the Fund and in all registered investment companies overseen by the Directors in the same family of investment companies as the Fund, which as of December 31, 2024 included the Fund, TCW Funds, Inc., TCW ETF Trust, TCW Metropolitan West Funds, and TCW Private Asset Income Fund. The codes for the dollar ranges of equity securities owned by the Directors are: (a) $1-$10,000, (b) $10,001-$50,000, (c) $50,001-$100,000; and (d) over $100,000. As of the date hereof, the Directors in the aggregate do not hold any equity securities in the Fund.

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Name of the Director	Dollar Range of Equity Securities In the Fund			Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities to be Overseen in Family of Investment Companies
Independent Directors
Patrick C. Haden		[	]		[	]
Martin Luther King III		[	]		[	]
Peter McMillan		[	]		[	]
Victoria B. Rogers		[	]		[	]
Robert G. Rooney		[	]		[	]
Michael Swell		[	]		[	]
Andrew Tarica		[	]		[	]
Interested Directors
Megan McClellan		[	]		[	]
Patrick Moore		[	]		[	]

[None of the Independent Directors, or any other member of his or her immediate family, owned beneficially or of record any securities in the Adviser or a person (other than a registered investment company) directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Adviser as of December 31, 2024.]

Stockholder Communications

Stockholders may send communications to the Board. Stockholders should send communications intended for the Board by addressing the communication directly to the Board (or individual Directors) and/or otherwise clearly indicating in the salutation that the communication is for the Board (or individual Directors) and by sending the communication to the Fund’s offices at TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc., 515 South Flower Street, Los Angeles, CA 90071. Other stockholder communications received by the Fund not directly addressed and sent to the Board will be reviewed and generally responded to by management, and will be forwarded to the Board only at management’s discretion based on the matters contained therein.

Compensation for Directors

From January 1, 2022 through February 29, 2024, the Fund paid each Independent Director an annual fee of $17,000 plus a joint meeting fee of $1,000 for each meeting of the Board or Committees of the Board attended by the Director and $250 for telephonic attendance at each meeting or special meeting of the Board attended by the Director. The Fund also paid each Board chair, Audit Committee chair, and Nominating and Governance Committee chair a supplemental annual retainer of $6,600, $4,400, and $2,200, respectively. Effective March 1, 2024, the Fund pays each Independent Director an annual fee of $12,500 plus a joint meeting fee of $500 for each meeting of the Board or Committees of the Board attended by the Director and $250 for telephonic attendance at each meeting or special meeting of the Board attended by the Director. The Fund also pays each Board chair, Board vice chair, Audit Committee chair, and Nominating and Governance Committee chair a supplemental annual retainer of $4,500, $3,000, $750, and $750, respectively.

Directors are also reimbursed for travel and other out-of-pocket expenses incurred by them in connection with attending such meetings. Directors and officers who are employed by the Adviser or an affiliated company thereof receive no compensation or expense reimbursement from the Fund.

The following table indicates the compensation paid to the Independent Directors by the Fund for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. The table also indicates the compensation paid to the Independent Directors for the calendar year ended December 31, 2024 by the Fund Complex.

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	Aggregate Compensation From the Company			Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of Fund Expenses		Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement		Total Compensation from the Fund Complex⁺
Independent Director
Patrick C. Haden	$	18,000		$	0	$	0	$	427,250
Martin Luther King III⁽⁷⁾	$	3,625		$	0	$	0	$	332,875
Peter McMillan	$	15,750	⁽¹⁾	$	0	$	0	$	361,875	⁽⁴⁾
Victoria B. Rogers⁽⁸⁾	$	15,750		$	0	$	0	$	357,500
Robert G. Rooney⁽⁷⁾⁽⁹⁾	$	3,813		$	0	$	0	$	349,938
Michael Swell⁽⁷⁾	$	3,625	⁽²⁾	$	0	$	0	$	345,375	⁽⁵⁾
Andrew Tarica	$	19,750	⁽³⁾	$	0	$	0	$	462,750	⁽⁶⁾

(1)	Includes $15,750 of deferred compensation.

(2)	Includes $3,625 of deferred compensation.

(3)	Includes $19,750 of deferred compensation.

(4)	Includes $318,500 of deferred compensation.

(5)	Includes $302,625 of deferred compensation.

(6)	Includes $407,250 of deferred compensation.

(7)	Messrs. King, Rooney, and Swell were elected as Directors of the Fund on September 10, 2024.

(8)	Ms. Rogers served as Chair of the Audit Committee through December 9, 2024.

(9)	Mr. Rooney was appointed as Chair of the Audit Committee effective December 9, 2024.

The term “Fund Complex” includes the Fund, TCW Metropolitan West Funds, TCW ETF Trust, TCW Funds, Inc., and TCW Private Asset Income Fund. TCW ETF Trust and TCW Funds, Inc. are included because the Adviser also serves as TCW ETF Trust’s and TCW Funds, Inc.’s investment adviser. TCW Metropolitan West Funds and TCW Private Asset Income Fund are included because the parent of the Adviser also serves as the parent to TCW Metropolitan West Funds’ investment adviser and TCW Private Asset Income Fund’s investment adviser.

Effective July 1, 2013, the Fund adopted a Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Plan”), which provides retirement benefits for Independent Directors of the Company and TCW Funds, Inc.. Each Independent Director is eligible to participate in the Plan and may elect to defer all or a portion of his or her compensation not yet earned. Under the Plan, dollar amounts deferred earn a return for an Independent Director as though equivalent amounts had been invested in one or more of the funds advised by the Adviser offered as investment options under the Plan and selected by the Independent Director. Unless otherwise stipulated, distributions to an Independent Director under the Plan are in the form of a lump sum equal to the value in the Director’s account on the date of payment. The Plan is not funded and the Fund’s obligation to make payments of amounts credited to an Independent Director’s account is a general obligation of the Fund. An Independent Director’s rights to deferred compensation under the Plan are limited to those of a recipient of an unfunded, unsecured promise to pay amounts in the future.

The Board normally meets at least quarterly at regularly scheduled meetings. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, the Board met five times. Each Director attended at least 75% of the aggregate of (1) the total number of meetings of the Board and (2) the total number of meetings held by all committees of the Board on which he or she served.]

Officers

The following information relates to the executive officers of the Fund who are not Directors of the Company. The business address of each is 515 South Flower Street, Los Angeles, California 90071.

-37-


Name and Year of Birth	Position(s) Held with Company	Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years*
Drew Bowden (1961)	Executive Vice President	Executive Vice President, General Counsel, and Secretary (since September 2023), the Advisor, Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC, The TCW Group, Inc., TCW Asset Management Company LLC, TCW LLC and (since September 2024), TCW Asset Backed Finance Management Company LLC; Executive Vice President (since 2023), TCW Metropolitan West Funds, TCW ETF Trust, and TCW Funds, Inc., and (since September 2024), TCW Private Asset Income Fund; Chief Operating Officer (August 2021 to September 2023), Western Asset Management Company; Executive Vice President and General Counsel (March 2020 to February 2021), and Senior Vice President and General Counsel (May 2015 to March 2020), Jackson Financial Inc.

Richard Villa (1964)	Treasurer, Principal Financial, and Accounting Officer	Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Assistant Secretary (since January 2016), TCW LLC and (since July 2008), the Advisor, The TCW Group, Inc., TCW Asset Management Company LLC, and Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC; Chairman, Executive Vice President, and Chief Financial Officer (since September 2024), TCW Asset Backed Finance Management Company LLC; Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer (since February 2014), TCW Funds, Inc., (since February 2021), TCW Metropolitan West Funds, (since September 2024), TCW Private Asset Income Fund, and (since March 2025), TCW ETF Trust.

Alenoush Terzian (1983)	Chief Compliance Officer and Anti-Money Laundering Officer	Chief Compliance Officer and Anti-Money Laundering Officer (since August 2025), TCW Funds, Inc. and TCW Metropolitan West Funds; Senior 1940 Act Compliance Officer and Senior Vice President (March 2024 to present), TCW Group, Inc.; Chief Compliance Officer and Director of Operations (May 2021 to March 2024), Jacob Asset Management of New York LLC; Vice President – Fund Administration and Compliance (December 2010 to May 2021), U.S. Bank Global Fund Services.

Eric Chan (1978)	Assistant Treasurer	Managing Director of Fund Operations (since 2009), the Advisor, TCW Asset Management Company LLC, and TCW LLC and (since November 2006), Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC; and Assistant Treasurer (since 2009), TCW Funds, Inc., (since 2010), TCW Metropolitan West Funds, (since September 2024), TCW Private Asset Income Fund, and (since March 2025), TCW ETF Trust. Mr. Chan is a Certified Public Accountant.

Peter Davidson (1972)	Vice President and Secretary	Managing Director, Associate General Counsel, and Assistant Secretary (since July 2022), TCW Asset Management Company LLC, Metropolitan West Asset Management, LLC, TCW LLC, and the Advisor, and (since September 2024), TCW Asset Backed Finance Management Company LLC; Vice President and Secretary (since December 2023), TCW Metropolitan West Funds, TCW ETF Trust and TCW Funds, Inc., and (since September 2024), TCW Private Asset Income Fund; Vice President and Assistant Secretary (September 2022 to December 2023), TCW Funds, Inc. and TCW Metropolitan West Funds; Assistant General Counsel—Investment Products and Advisory Services (2020 to July 2022), The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company; Associate General Counsel (2019 to August 2020), Resolute Investment Managers.

Lisa Eisen (1963)	Tax Officer	Tax Officer (since December 2016), TCW Metropolitan West Funds and TCW Funds, Inc., (since December 2023), TCW ETF Trust, and (since September 2024), TCW Private Asset Income Fund; Managing Director and Director of Tax (since August 2016), TCW LLC.

*	Positions with The TCW Group, Inc. and its affiliates may have changed over time.

-38-

Beneficial Share Ownership of Stockholders

As of [ ], 2025, as far as known to the Fund, the following persons beneficially owned more than 5% of the outstanding Common Stock of the Fund:


Name and Address of Stockholder	Number of Shares			% of Company
[ ]		[	]		[	]%
[ ]		[	]		[	]%

The Adviser

The Fund’s Adviser is headquartered at 515 South Flower Street, Los Angeles, California 90071. The Adviser is registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. The Adviser was organized in 1987 as a wholly-owned subsidiary of The TCW Group, Inc. (“TCW”). As of [ ], 2025, the Adviser and its affiliated companies, which provide a variety of investment management and advisory services, had approximately $[ ] billion under management or committed to management.

Advisory Agreement

The Adviser, pursuant to the investment advisory and management agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”), and subject to the to the direction and supervision of the Fund’s Board of Directors and in conformity with applicable laws, the Fund’s Charter, Bylaws, Registration Statement, Prospectus and stated investment objective, policies and restrictions, shall:

•

Place orders for the purchase or sale of portfolio securities for the Fund’s account with broker-dealers selected by the Adviser;

•

Administer the day-to-day operations of the Fund;

•

Pay such expenses as are incurred by it in connection with providing the foregoing services.

Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Fund assumes and shall pay or cause to be paid all expenses of the Fund, including, without limitation: (a) all costs and expenses incident to any public offering of securities of the Fund, for cash or otherwise, including those relating to the registration of its securities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and any qualification or notification of sale of its securities under state securities laws; (b) the charges and expenses of any custodian appointed by the Fund for the safekeeping of its cash, portfolio securities and other property; (c) the charges and expenses of independent accountants; (d) the charges and expenses of stock transfer and dividend disbursing agent or agents and registrar or registrars appointed by the Fund; (e) the charges and expenses of any administrator or accounting or sub-accounting agent appointed by the Fund to provide accounting or administration services to the Fund; (f) brokerage commissions, dealer spreads, and other costs incurred in connection with proposed or consummated portfolio securities transactions; (g) all taxes, including securities issuance and transfer taxes, and corporate fees payable by the Fund to federal, state, local or other governmental agencies; (h) the cost and expense of engraving printing and issuing certificates representing securities of the Fund; (i) fees involved in registering and maintaining registrations of the Fund and of its securities with the Securities and Exchange Commission and in various state and other jurisdictions; (j) all expenses of stockholders and directors meetings, and of preparing, printing and mailing proxy statements and reports to stockholders; (k) fees and expenses of directors of the Fund who are not “affiliated persons” of the Adviser; (l) all fees and expenses incident to any dividend reinvestment or distribution program; (m) charges and expenses of legal counsel to the “independent directors” of the Fund; (n) trade association dues; (o) interest payable on Fund borrowings; (p) any public relations or stockholder relations expense; (q) fees and expenses incident to the listing of securities of the Fund on any securities exchange; (r) premiums for a fidelity bond and any errors and omissions insurance maintained by the Fund; and (s) any other ordinary or extraordinary expenses incurred by the Fund in the course of its business.

-39-

As compensation for the investment advisory services rendered, facilities provided, and expenses borne, the Adviser is paid a monthly fee by the Fund computed at the annual rate of 0.75% of the first $100 million of the Fund’s average Managed Assets and 0.50% of the Fund’s average Managed Assets in excess of $100 million. For the purpose of calculating such fee, the value of Managed Assets for a month shall be the average of the values of the Fund’s Managed Assets as determined on the last Business Day of each week which ends during the month. If this agreement shall become effective subsequent to the first day of a month, or shall terminate before the last day of a month, the foregoing compensation shall be prorated. As used in the Advisory Agreement, “Managed Assets” shall mean the net asset value of common shares, plus the liquidation preference of any preferred shares issued by the Fund and the principal amount of any borrowings of the Fund used for leverage.

Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Fund paid the Adviser the following amounts for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024, December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:


Fiscal Year	Management Fee Paid by Fund
December 31, 2024	$	[	]
December 31, 2023	$	[	]
December 31, 2022	$	[	]

Portfolio Managers

Jerry Cudzil, Ruben Hovhannisyan, CFA, and Bryan T. Whalen, CFA, are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s assets.

Portfolio Manager Compensation

The overall objective of the Adviser’s compensation program for portfolio managers is to attract experienced and expert investment professionals and to retain them over the long-term. Compensation is comprised of several components which, in the aggregate, are designed to achieve these objectives and to reward the portfolio managers for their contributions to the successful performance of the accounts they manage. Portfolio managers are compensated through a combination of base salary, fee sharing based compensation (“fee sharing”), bonus and equity incentive participation in the Adviser’s parent company (“equity incentives”). Fee sharing and equity incentives generally represent most of the portfolio managers’ compensation. In some cases, portfolio managers are eligible for discretionary bonuses.

Salary. Salary is agreed to with portfolio managers at the time of employment and is reviewed from time to time. It does not change significantly and often does not constitute a significant part of a portfolio manager’s compensation.

Fee Sharing. Fee sharing for investment professionals is based on revenues generated by accounts in the investment strategy area for which the investment professionals are responsible. In most cases, revenues are allocated to a pool and fee sharing compensation is allocated among members of the investment team after the deduction of certain expenses (including compensation over a threshold level) related to the strategy group. The allocations are based on the investment professionals’ contributions to TCW and its clients, including qualitative and quantitative contributions.

In general, the same fee sharing percentage is used to compensate a portfolio manager for investment services related to the Fund as that used to compensate portfolio managers for other client accounts in the same strategy managed by the Adviser or an affiliate of the Adviser (collectively, the “TCW Advisers”). In some cases, the fee sharing pool includes revenues related to more than one product, in which case each participant in the pool is entitled to fee sharing derived from his or her contributions to all the included products.

-40-

Investment professionals are not directly compensated for generating performance fees. In some cases, the overall fee sharing pool is subject to fluctuation based on the relative pre-tax performance of the investment strategy composite returns, net of fees and expenses, to that of the benchmark. The measurement of performance relative to the benchmark can be based on single year or multiple year metrics, or a combination thereof. The benchmark used is the one associated with the Fund managed by the portfolio manager as disclosed in the prospectus. Benchmarks vary from strategy to strategy but, within a given strategy, the same benchmark applies to all accounts, including the Funds.

Discretionary Bonus/Guaranteed Minimums. Discretionary bonuses may be paid out of an investment team’s fee sharing pool, as determined by the supervisor(s) in the department. In other cases where portfolio managers do not receive fee sharing or where it is determined that the combination of salary and fee sharing does not adequately compensate the portfolio manager, discretionary bonuses may be paid by the applicable TCW Adviser. Also, pursuant to contractual arrangements, some portfolio managers received minimum bonuses.

Equity Incentives. Management believes that equity ownership aligns the interests of portfolio managers with the interests of the firm and its clients. Accordingly, TCW’s key investment professionals participate in equity incentives through ownership or participation in restricted unit plans that vest over time or unit appreciation plans of the Adviser’s parent company. The plans include the Fixed Income Retention Plan, Restricted Unit Plan and 2013 Equity Unit Incentive Plan.

Under the Fixed Income Retention Plan, certain portfolio managers in the fixed income area were awarded cash and/or partnership units in the Adviser’s parent company, either on a contractually-determined basis or on a discretionary basis. Awards under this plan were made in 2010 that vest over time.

Under the Restricted Unit Plan, certain portfolio managers in the fixed income and equity areas may be awarded partnership units in the Adviser’s parent company. Awards under this plan have vested over time, subject to satisfaction of performance criteria.

Under the 2013 Equity Unit Incentive Plan, certain portfolio managers in the fixed income and equity areas may be awarded options to acquire partnership units in the Adviser’s parent company with a strike price equal to the fair market value of the option at the date of grant. The options granted under this plan are subject to vesting and other conditions.

Other Plans and Compensation Vehicles. Portfolio managers may also elect to participate in the applicable adviser’s 401(k) plan, to which they may contribute a portion of their pre- and post-tax compensation to the plan for investment on a tax-deferred basis.

Other Managed Accounts

Information presented below is as of December 31, 2024.

-41-


	Registered Investment Companies asset-based advisory fee				Other Pooled Investment Vehicles asset-based advisory fee				Other Accounts asset-based advisory fee				Registered Investment Companies performance- based advisory fee				Other Pooled Investment Vehicles performance- based advisory fee				Other Accounts performance- based advisory fee
	Number of Accounts		Total Assets (in millions)		Number of Accounts		Total Assets (in millions)		Number of Accounts		Total Assets (in millions)		Number of Accounts		Total Assets (in millions)		Number of Accounts		Total Assets (in millions)		Number of Accounts		Total Assets (in millions)
Jerry Cudzil		26	$	72,063		27	$	18,946		174	$	48,110		0		0		10	$	4,025		5	$	2,959
Ruben Hovhannisyan, CFA		27	$	71,842		17	$	15,799		157	$	43,267		0		0		1	$	241		5	$	2,959
Bryan Whalen, CFA		27	$	73,386		28	$	17,832,168		200	$	56,798		0		0		4	$	511		10	$	6,686

-42-

Share Ownership of Portfolio Managers

Information presented below is as of December 31, 2024.

Portfolio

Manager

None

$1
to
$10K

$10K
to
$50K

$50K
to
$100K

$100K
to
$500K

$500K
to
$1 Mill

Over
$1 Mill

Jerry Cudzil

Ruben Hovhannisyan, CFA

Bryan Whalen, CFA

Conflicts

The TCW Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries, the Fund, TCW Funds, Inc., the TCW Metropolitan West Funds, TCW ETF Trust, and TCW Private Asset Income Fund (collectively, “TCW”) have policies and controls to avoid and/or mitigate conflicts of interest across their businesses. The policies and procedures in TCW’s Code of Ethics (the “Code of Ethics”) serve to address or mitigate both conflicts of interest and the appearance of any conflict of interest. The Code of Ethics contains several restrictions and procedures designed to eliminate conflicts of interest relating to personal investment transactions, including (i) reporting account openings, changes, or closings (including accounts in which an Access Person has a “beneficial interest”), (ii) pre-clearance of non-exempt personal investment transactions (make a personal trade request for Securities) and (iii) the completion of timely required reporting (Initial Holdings Report, Quarterly Transactions Report, Annual Holdings Report and Annual Certificate of Compliance).

In addition, the Code of Ethics addresses potential conflicts of interest through its policies on insider trading, anti-corruption, an employee’s outside business activities, political activities and contributions, confidentiality and whistleblower provisions.

Conflicts of interest may also arise in the management of accounts and investment vehicles. These conflicts may raise questions that would allow TCW to allocate investment opportunities in a way that favors certain accounts or investment vehicles over other accounts or investment vehicles, or incentivize a TCW portfolio manager to receive greater compensation with regard to the management of certain account or investment vehicles. TCW may give advice or take action with certain accounts or investment vehicles that could differ from the advice given or action taken on other accounts or investment vehicles. When an investment opportunity is suitable for more than one account or investment vehicle, such investments will be allocated in a manner that is fair and equitable under the circumstances to all TCW clients. As such, TCW has adopted compliance policies and procedures in its Portfolio Management Policy that helps to identify a conflict of interest and then specifies how a conflict of interest is managed. TCW’s Trading and Brokerage Policy also discusses the process of timing and method of allocations, and addresses how the firm handles affiliate transactions.

The respective Equity and Fixed Income Trading and Allocation Committees review trading activities on behalf of client accounts, including the allocation of investment opportunities and address any issues with regard to side-by-side management in order to ensure that all of TCW’s clients are treated on a fair and equitable basis. Further, the Portfolio Analytics Committee reviews TCW’s investment strategies, evaluates various analytics to facilitate risk assessment, changes to performance composites and benchmarks and monitors the implementation and maintenance of the Global Investment Performance Standards or GIPS^® compliance.

TCW’s approach to handling conflicts of interest is multi-layered starting with its policies and procedures, reporting and pre-clearance processes and oversight by various committees.

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE ALLOCATION

The Adviser is responsible for the placement of the Fund’s portfolio transactions and the negotiation of prices and commissions, if any, with respect to such transactions. Debt, convertible and unlisted equity securities are generally purchased from a primary market maker acting as principal on a net basis without a stated commission but at prices generally reflecting a dealer spread. Listed equity securities are normally purchased through brokers in transactions executed on securities exchanges involving negotiated commissions. Debt, convertible and equity securities are also purchased in underwritten offerings at fixed prices which include discounts to underwriters and/or concessions to dealers. In placing a portfolio transaction, the Adviser seeks to obtain the best execution for the Fund, taking into account such factors as price (including the applicable dealer spread or commission, if any), size of order, difficulty of execution and operational facilities of the firm involved and the firm’s risk in positioning a block of securities.

-43-

Consistent with its policy of securing best execution, in selecting broker-dealers and negotiating any commissions or prices involved in Fund transactions, the Adviser considers the range and quality of the professional services provided by such firms. Brokerage services include the ability to most effectively execute large orders without adversely impacting markets and positioning securities in order to enable the Adviser to effect orderly purchases or sales for the Fund. Accordingly, transactions will not always be executed at the lowest available commission. In addition, the Adviser may effect transactions which cause the Fund to pay a commission in excess of a commission which another broker-dealer would have charged if the Adviser first determines that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the broker-dealer.

Debt and convertible securities are generally purchased from the issuer or a primary market maker acting as principal on a net basis with no brokerage commission paid by the client. Such securities, as well as equity securities, may also be purchased from underwriters at prices which include underwriting fees.

In an effort to achieve efficiencies in execution and reduce trading costs, the Adviser and its affiliates frequently (though not always) execute securities transactions on behalf of a number of accounts, which may include the Fund, at the same time, generally referred to as “block trades.” When executing block trades, securities are allocated using procedures that the Adviser considers fair and equitable. Allocation guidelines have been established for the Adviser’s Trading Department to follow in making allocation determinations. In some cases, various forms of pro-rata allocation are used and, in other cases, random allocation processes are used. Participation of an account in the allocation is based on considerations such as lot size, account size, diversification requirements and investment objective, restrictions, time horizon, availability of cash, existing or targeted account weightings in particular securities, the amount of existing holdings (or substitutes) of the security in the account, and, when relevant, directed brokerage. In connection with certain purchase or sale programs, and in other circumstances if practicable, if multiple trades for a specific security are made with the same broker in a single day, those securities are allocated to accounts based on a weighted average purchase or sale price.

In determining whether accounts are eligible to participate in any type of initial public offering, the Adviser considers such factors as lot size, account size, diversification requirements and investment objective, restrictions, time horizon, availability of cash, existing or targeted account weightings in particular securities, and the amount of existing holdings (or substitutes) of the security in the account. For initial public offerings of equities, the Adviser generally shares allocations in a pro rata fashion based upon assets under management for those accounts eligible to participate in the initial public offering. For equity offerings, an exception may be made when the allocation is so small that it may create transaction costs that diminish the benefit of the trade or it would be unreasonably minimal relative to the size of the account. The Adviser will use its best judgment to make a fair and equitable allocation, which may include, among other things, consideration of allocating to underperforming accounts or accounts where smaller lot sizes would be reasonable.

To the extent permitted by law and in accordance with procedures established by the Board, the Fund may engage in brokerage transactions with brokers that are affiliates of the Adviser. The Fund has adopted procedures which are reasonably designed to provide that commissions or other remuneration paid to affiliated brokers of the Adviser do not exceed the usual and customary broker’s commission.

The following table sets forth the aggregate brokerage commissions paid on transactions in the Fund’s securities and the amounts of brokerage commission paid to broker-dealers for research services by the Fund for the last three fiscal years. The amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Fund may change from year to year because of, among other things, changes in asset levels, stockholder activity, and/or changes in portfolio turnover.


	Aggregate Brokerage Commissions Paid on Transactions in the Fund’s Securities			Aggregate Brokerage Commissions Paid for Research Services Provided
2024	$	[	]	$	[	]
2023	$	[	]	$	[	]
2022	$	[	]	$	[	]

Portfolio Turnover Rate

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The rate of portfolio turnover in the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024, December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022 were 256.45%%, 234.87%, and 155.62%, respectively.

DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK

fully paid and non-assessable. Stockholders are entitled to one vote per share. All voting rights for the election of directors are non-cumulative.

Anti-Takeover Provisions of the Articles of Incorporation

The Fund has provisions in its Charter that could have the effect of limiting the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund, to cause it to engage in certain transactions or to modify its structure. The affirmative vote or consent of the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Fund is required to authorize any of the following actions: (1) merger or consolidation of the Fund with an open-end investment company; (2) merger or consolidation with a closed-end investment company unless such company’s charter has the same voting requirements; (3) dissolution of the Fund; (4) sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Fund; or (5) amendment to the Charter of the Fund which makes the Common Stock redeemable security (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) or which reduces the two-thirds vote required to authorize the actions in (1) through (5) hereof.

Reference is made to the Charter of the Fund, on file with the SEC, for the full text of these provisions. These provisions could have the effect of depriving stockholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain control of the Fund in a tender offer or similar transaction.

Possible Future Conversion to Open-End Investment Company

The Fund is a closed-end investment company and as such the Fund’s stockholders will not have the right to cause the Fund to redeem its shares. Instead, the Fund’s Common Stock trades in the open market at a price that will be a function of several factors, including distribution levels (which are in turn affected by expenses), NAV, distribution stability, portfolio credit quality, relative demand for and supply of such shares in the market, general market and economic conditions and other factors.

Shares of closed-end companies frequently trade at a discount to their NAV. This characteristic of shares of closed-end management investment companies is a risk separate and distinct from the risk that the Fund’s NAV may decrease as a result of investment activities. To the extent the Fund’s shares do trade at a discount, the Board of Directors may from time to time engage in open-market repurchases or tender offers for shares after balancing the benefit to stockholders of the increase in the NAV per share resulting from such purchases against the decrease in the Fund’s assets and the potential increase in the ratio of the Fund’s expenses to the Fund’s assets and the decrease in asset coverage with respect to any outstanding indebtedness or preferred shares. Any such purchase or tender offers may result in the temporary narrowing of any discount but will not necessarily have any long-term effect on the level of any discount. There is no guarantee or assurance that the Board of Directors will decide to engage in any of these actions. Nor is there any guarantee or assurance that such actions, if undertaken, would result in the shares trading at a price equal or close to net asset value per share. Any share repurchase or tender offers will be made in accordance with requirements of the 1940 Act, the Exchange Act and the principal stock exchange on which the Fund’s shares of Common Stock are traded. The Board of Directors believes that, in addition to the beneficial effects described above, any such purchase or tender offers may result in the temporary narrowing of any discount but will not have any long-term effect on the level of any discount. There is no guarantee or assurance that the Board of Directors will decide to engage in any of these actions. There is also no guarantee or assurance that such actions, if undertaken, would result in the shares trading at a price equal or close to NAV per share. Any share repurchase or tender offers will be made in accordance with requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), the 1940 Act and the principal stock exchange on which the shares are traded.

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Conversion to an open-end mutual fund is extremely unlikely in light of the Fund’s investment objective and policies and would require approval of the Fund’s Board of Directors and stockholders. If the Fund converted to an open-end mutual fund, the Common Stock would no longer be listed on the NYSE or any other exchange. In contrast to a closed-end investment company, stockholders of an open-end investment company may require a fund to redeem its shares of Common Stock at any time (except in certain circumstances as authorized by the 1940 Act or the rules thereunder) at their NAV, without the discount commonly associated with closed-end investment companies. Open-end investment companies typically engage in a continuous offering of their shares and may maintain large cash positions or liquidate favorable investments to meet redemptions. Open-end investment companies are thus subject to periodic asset in-flows and out-flows that can complicate portfolio management. In addition, certain of the Fund’s investment policies and restrictions are incompatible with the requirements applicable to an open-end investment company. Accordingly, conversion to an open-end investment company would require material changes to the Fund’s investment policies.

REPURCHASE OF COMMON STOCK

The Fund’s stockholders do not have the right to require redemption of their shares by the Fund. The Fund, however, may repurchase its shares in the open market from time to time, although nothing herein shall be considered a commitment to repurchase such shares. Any such repurchases shall be subject to the Maryland General Corporation Law and to limitations imposed by the 1940 Act. In 2000, the Fund’s Board of Directors authorized the Fund to repurchase up to two million of its shares. Subject to the Fund’s investment restriction with respect to borrowings, the Fund may incur debt in an amount not exceeding 5% of total assets to finance share repurchase transactions. Shares repurchased by the Fund will be held as treasury shares until reissued.

The Fund does not expect to consider the repurchase of any of its shares except at a price below net asset value. [During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, the Fund did not repurchase any shares.]

CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX MATTERS

The following is a description of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations affecting the Fund and the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of shares of Common Stock. The discussion below provides general tax information related to an investment in shares of Common Stock, but this discussion does not purport to be a complete description of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the shares of Common Stock. It is based on the Code and Treasury regulations thereunder and administrative pronouncements, all as of the date hereof, any of which is subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. In addition, it does not describe all of the tax consequences that may be relevant in light of a holder of Common Stock’s (for purposes of this section, a “Common Stockholder’s”) particular circumstances, including alternative minimum tax consequences and tax consequences applicable to Common Stockholders subject to special tax rules, such as certain financial institutions; dealers or traders in securities who use a mark-to-market method of tax accounting; persons holding shares of Common Stock as part of a hedging transaction, wash sale, conversion transaction or integrated transaction or persons entering into a constructive sale with respect to the shares of Common Stock; entities classified as partnerships or other pass-through entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes; real estate investment trusts; regulated investment companies; insurance companies; U.S. holders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar; or tax-exempt entities, including “individual retirement accounts” or “Roth IRAs.” Unless otherwise noted, the following discussion applies only to a Common Stockholder that holds shares of Common Stock as a capital asset and is a U.S. holder. A “U.S. holder” is a holder who, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is a beneficial owner of shares of Common Stock and is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; (ii) a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state therein or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or (iv) a trust if it (x) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (y) has a valid election in effect under applicable United States Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. Tax laws are complex and often change, and Common Stockholders should consult their tax advisors about the U.S. federal, state, local or non-U.S. tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.

Taxation of the Fund

The Fund has elected to be treated as, and intends to continue to qualify in each taxable year as, a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. To qualify as a RIC for any taxable year, the Fund must, among other things, satisfy both an income test and an asset test for such taxable year. Specifically, (i) at least 90% of the Fund’s gross income for such taxable year must consist of dividends; interest; payments with respect to certain securities loans; gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies; other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies; and net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (such income, “Qualifying RIC Income”) and (ii) the Fund’s holdings must be diversified so that, at the end of each quarter of such taxable year, (a) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is represented by cash and cash items (including receivables), securities of other RICs, U.S. Government Securities and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of

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any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer and (b) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is invested (x) in securities (other than U.S. Government Securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, (y) in securities (other than securities of other RICs) of two or more issuers that the Fund controls (by owning 20% or more of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer) and that are engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses or (z) in the securities of one or more “qualified publicly traded partnerships.” The Fund’s share of income derived from a partnership other than a “qualified publicly traded partnership” will be treated as Qualifying RIC Income only to the extent that such income would have constituted Qualifying RIC Income if derived directly by the Fund. A “qualified publicly traded partnership” is generally defined as an entity that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes if (i) interests in such entity are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof and (ii) less than 90% of its gross income for the relevant taxable year consists of Qualifying RIC Income. The Code provides that the Treasury Department may by regulation exclude from Qualifying RIC Income foreign currency gains that are not directly related to the RIC’s principal business of investing in stock or securities (or options and futures with respect to stock or securities). The Fund anticipates that, in general, its foreign currency gains will be directly related to its principal business of investing in stock and securities.

As a RIC, the Fund generally is not subject to U.S. federal income tax on its “investment company taxable income” and net capital gain (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) that it distributes (including amounts that are reinvested pursuant to the Plan (as defined in the Prospectus), as described below) to its stockholders, provided that it distributes on a timely basis with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of its “investment company taxable income” and its net tax-exempt interest income for such taxable year. In general, a RIC’s “investment company taxable income” for any taxable year is its taxable income, determined without regard to net capital gain and with certain other adjustments. The Fund distributes, and intends to continue to distribute, all or substantially all of its “investment company taxable income,” net tax-exempt interest income (if any) and net capital gain on an annual basis. Any taxable income, including any net capital gain, that the Fund does not distribute to its stockholders in a timely manner will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates.

If the Fund retains any net capital gains for reinvestment, it may elect to treat such capital gains as having been distributed to its stockholders. If the Fund makes such an election, each stockholder will be required to report its share of such undistributed net capital gain as long-term capital gain and will be entitled to claim its share of the U.S. federal income taxes paid by the Fund on such undistributed net capital gain as a credit against its own U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, and to claim a refund on a properly-filed U.S. federal income tax return to the extent that the credit exceeds such liability. In addition, each stockholder will be entitled to increase the adjusted tax basis of its Common Stock by the difference between its share of such undistributed net capital gain and the related credit. There can be no assurance that the Fund will make this election if it retains all or a portion of its net capital gain for a taxable year.

A RIC will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax at the Fund level on certain amounts that it fails to distribute during each calendar year. In order to avoid this excise tax, a RIC must distribute during each calendar year an amount at least equal to the sum of (i) 98% of its ordinary taxable income (taking into account certain deferrals and elections) for the calendar year; (ii) 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ended on October 31 of the calendar year (or, at the election of a RIC having a taxable year ending November 30 or December 31, for its taxable year) and (iii) any ordinary income and capital gains for previous years that were not distributed during those years. For purposes of determining whether the Fund has met this distribution requirement, (i) certain ordinary gains and losses that would otherwise be taken into account for the portion of the calendar year after October 31 will be treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year and (ii) the Fund will be deemed to have distributed any income or gains on which it paid U.S. federal income tax in the taxable year ending within the relevant calendar year. The Fund intends generally to make distributions sufficient to permit it to avoid the imposition of this excise tax, but there can be no assurance in this regard.

If the Fund failed to qualify as a RIC or failed to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement in any taxable year, and was unable or otherwise chose not to cure such failure, the Fund would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates on its taxable income, including its net capital gain, even if such income were distributed to its stockholders, and all distributions out of earnings and profits would be taxed to stockholders as ordinary dividend income. Such distributions generally would be eligible for the dividends-received deduction in the case of corporate stockholders and may also be eligible for treatment by non-corporate stockholders as “qualified dividend income,” provided in each case that certain holding period and other requirements were satisfied. In addition, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay taxes and make distributions (any of which could be subject to interest charges) before re-qualifying for taxation as a RIC. If the Fund fails to satisfy the income test or diversification test described above, however, it may in certain circumstances be able to avoid losing its status as a RIC by timely providing notice of such failure to the IRS, curing such failure and possibly paying an additional tax.

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Some of the investments that the Fund is expected to make, such as investments in debt securities that are treated as issued with original issue discount, will cause the Fund to recognize income or gain for U.S. federal income tax purposes prior to the receipt of any corresponding cash or other property. Because the distribution requirements described above will apply to this income, the Fund may be required to borrow money or dispose of other securities at disadvantageous times in order to make the relevant distributions.

If the Fund utilizes leverage through the issuance of preferred shares or borrowings, it will be prohibited from declaring a distribution or dividend if it would fail the applicable asset coverage test(s) under the 1940 Act after the payment of such distribution or dividend. In addition, certain covenants in credit facilities or indentures may impose greater restrictions on the Fund’s ability to declare and pay dividends on shares of Common Stock. Limits on the Fund’s ability to pay dividends on shares of Common Stock may prevent the Fund from meeting the distribution requirements described above, and may therefore jeopardize the Fund’s qualification for taxation as a RIC or subject the Fund to income or excise tax on undistributed income. The Fund will endeavor to avoid restrictions on its ability to make dividend payments. If the Fund is precluded from making distributions on the shares of Common Stock because of any applicable asset coverage requirements, the terms of the preferred shares (if any) may provide that any amounts so precluded from being distributed, but required to be distributed for the Fund to meet the distribution requirements for qualification as a RIC, will be paid to the holders of the preferred shares as a special distribution. This distribution can be expected to decrease the amount that holders of preferred shares would be entitled to receive upon redemption or liquidation of the shares.

Certain of the Fund’s investments are expected to be subject to special U.S. federal income tax provisions that may, among other things, (i) disallow, suspend or otherwise limit the allowance of certain losses or deductions; (ii) convert lower-taxed long-term capital gain or qualified dividend income into higher-taxed short-term capital gain or ordinary income; (iii) convert an ordinary loss or a deduction into a capital loss, the deductibility of which is more limited; (iv) adversely affect when a purchase or sale of stock or securities is deemed to occur; (v) adversely alter the intended characterization of certain complex financial transactions; (vi) cause the Fund to recognize income or gain without a corresponding receipt of cash and (vii) produce income that will not constitute Qualifying RIC Income. The application of these rules could cause the Fund to be subject to U.S. federal income tax or the nondeductible 4% excise tax and, under certain circumstances, could affect the Fund’s status as a RIC. The Fund monitors its investments and may make certain tax elections in order to mitigate the effect of these provisions. Moreover, there may be uncertainty as to the appropriate treatment of certain of the Fund’s investments for U.S. federal income tax purposes. For example, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of investments in debt securities that are rated below investment grade and investments in derivatives is uncertain in various respects, as described in greater detail below.

Special Rules for Debt Obligations. Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance (and zero-coupon debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) will be treated as debt obligations that are issued originally at a discount. Generally, the original issue discount (“OID”) is treated as interest income and is included in the Fund’s income and required to be distributed by the Fund over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt security. In addition, payment-in-kind securities will give rise to income which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though the Fund holding the security receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year.

Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance that are acquired by the Fund in the secondary market may be treated as having “market discount.” Very generally, market discount is the excess of the stated redemption price of a debt obligation (or in the case of an obligation issued with OID, its “revised issue price”) over the purchase price of such obligation. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the “accrued market discount” on such debt security. Alternatively, the Fund may elect to accrue market discount currently, in which case the Fund will be required to include the accrued market discount in the Fund’s income (as ordinary income) and thus distribute it over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt security. The rate at which the market discount accrues, and thus is included in the Fund’s income, will depend upon which of the permitted accrual methods the Fund elects.

Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of one year or less from the date of issuance may be treated as having OID or, in certain cases, “acquisition discount” (very generally, the excess of the stated redemption price over the purchase price). The Fund will be required to include the OID or acquisition discount in income (as ordinary income) and thus distribute it over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt security. The rate at which OID or acquisition discount accrues, and thus is included in the Fund’s income, will depend upon which of the permitted accrual methods the Fund elects.

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If the Fund holds the foregoing kinds of obligations, or other obligations subject to special rules under the Code, it may be required to pay out as an income distribution each year an amount which is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Fund actually received. [Such distributions may be made from the cash assets of the Fund or, if necessary, by disposition of portfolio securities including at a time when it may not be advantageous to do so. These dispositions may cause the Fund to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gains (generally taxed to stockholders at ordinary income tax rates) and, in the event the Fund realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its stockholders may receive a larger Capital Gain Dividend (as defined below) than if the Fund had not held such obligations. ]

Securities Purchased at a Premium. Very generally, where the Fund purchases a bond at a price that exceeds the redemption price at maturity – that is, at a premium — the premium is amortizable over the remaining term of the bond. In the case of a taxable bond, if the Fund makes an election applicable to all such bonds it purchases, which election is irrevocable without consent of the IRS, the Fund reduces the current taxable income from the bond by the amortized premium and reduces its tax basis in the bond by the amount of such offset; upon the disposition or maturity of such bonds acquired on or after January 4, 2013, the Fund is permitted to deduct any remaining premium allocable to a prior period.

A portion of the OID accrued on certain high yield discount obligations may not be deductible to the issuer and will instead be treated as a dividend paid by the issuer for purposes of the dividends received deduction. In such cases, if the issuer of the high yield discount obligations is a domestic corporation, dividend payments by the Fund may be eligible for the dividends received deduction to the extent attributable to the deemed dividend portion of such OID.

At-risk or Defaulted Securities. Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for the Fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as whether or to what extent the Fund should recognize market discount on a debt obligation, when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, OID or market discount, when and to what extent the Fund may take deductions for bad debts or worthless securities and how the Fund should allocate payments received on obligations in default between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by the Fund when, as and if it invests in such securities, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as a RIC and does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.

Options and Futures. In general, option premiums received by the Fund are not immediately included in the income of the Fund. Instead, the premiums are recognized when the option contract expires, the option is exercised by the holder, or the Fund transfers or otherwise terminates the option (e.g., through a closing transaction). If a call option written by the Fund is exercised and the Fund sells or delivers the underlying stock, the Fund generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to (a) the sum of the strike price and the option premium received by the Fund minus (b) the Fund’s basis in the stock. Such gain or loss generally will be short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying stock. If securities are purchased by the Fund pursuant to the exercise of a put option written by it, the Fund generally will subtract the premium received for purposes of computing its cost basis in the securities purchased. The termination of the Fund’s obligation under an option other than through the exercise of the option will result in gain or loss, depending on whether the premium income received by the Fund is greater or less than the amount paid by the Fund (if any) in terminating the transaction. Subject to certain exceptions, some of which are described below, such gain or loss generally will be short-term. Thus, for example, if an option written by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund generally will recognize short-term gain equal to the premium received.

A Fund’s options activities may include transactions constituting straddles for U.S. federal income tax purposes, that is, that trigger the U.S. federal income tax straddle rules contained primarily in Section 1092 of the Code. Such straddles include, for example, positions in a particular security, or an index of securities, and one or more options that offset the former position, including options that are “covered” by a Fund’s long position in the subject security. Very generally, where applicable, Section 1092 requires (i) that losses be deferred on positions deemed to be offsetting positions with respect to “substantially similar or related property,” to the extent of unrealized gain in the latter, and (ii) that the holding period of such a straddle position that has not already been held for the long-term holding period be terminated and begin anew once the position is no longer part of a straddle. Options on single stocks that are not “deep in the money” may constitute qualified covered calls, which generally are not subject to the straddle rules; the holding period on stock underlying qualified covered calls that are “in the money” although not “deep in the money” will be suspended during the period that such calls are outstanding. These straddle rules and the rules governing qualified covered calls could cause gains that would otherwise constitute long-term capital gains to be treated as short-term capital gains, and distributions that would otherwise constitute “qualified dividend income” or qualify for the dividends-received deduction to fail to satisfy the holding period requirements and therefore to be taxed as ordinary income or to fail to qualify for the dividends-received deduction, as the case may be.

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The tax treatment of certain positions entered into by the Fund (including regulated futures contracts, certain foreign currency positions and certain listed non-equity options) will be governed by section 1256 of the Code (“section 1256 contracts”). Gains or losses on section 1256 contracts generally are considered 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses (“60/40”), although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary in character. Also, section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of each taxable year (and, for purposes of the 4% excise tax, on certain other dates as prescribed under the Code) are “marked to market” with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary or 60/40 gain or loss, as applicable.

Other Derivatives, Hedging, and Related Transactions. In addition to the special rules in respect of futures and options transactions, the Fund’s transactions in other derivative instruments (e.g., forward contracts and swap agreements), as well as any of its hedging, short sale, securities loan or similar transactions, may be subject to one or more special tax rules (e.g., notional principal contract, straddle, constructive sale, wash sale and short sale rules). These rules may affect whether gains and losses recognized by the Fund are treated as ordinary or capital, accelerate the recognition of income or gains to the Fund, defer losses to the Fund, and cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Fund’s securities, thereby affecting, among other things, whether capital gains and losses are treated as short-term or long-term. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and/or character of distributions to stockholders. Because these and other tax rules applicable to these types of transactions are in some cases uncertain under current law, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether the Fund has made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements, to maintain its qualification as a RIC and avoid a Fund-level tax.

Distributions

Distributions of the Fund’s ordinary income and net short-term capital gains will, except as described below with respect to distributions of “qualified dividend income,” generally be taxable to the Common Stockholders as ordinary income to the extent such distributions are paid out of the Fund’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Properly reported distributions (or deemed distributions, as described above), if any, of net capital gains (“Capital Gain Dividends”) will be taxable as long-term capital gains, regardless of the length of time the Common Stockholder has owned shares of Common Stock. [Distributions from capital gains are generally made after applying any available capital loss carryforwards.] The IRS and the Department of the Treasury have issued regulations that impose special rules in respect of Capital Gain Dividends received through partnership interests constituting “applicable partnership interests” under Section 1061 of the Code. The ultimate tax characterization of the Fund’s distributions made in a taxable year cannot be determined until after the end of the taxable year. As a result, there is a possibility that the Fund may make total distributions during a taxable year in an amount that exceeds the current and accumulated earnings and profits of the Fund. A distribution of an amount in excess of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated by a Common Stockholder as a return of capital that will be applied against and reduce the Common Stockholder’s basis in its shares of Common Stock (but not below zero). To the extent that the amount of any such distribution exceeds the Common Stockholder’s basis in its shares of Common Stock, the excess will be treated as gain from a sale or exchange of the Common Stock. If the Fund issues preferred shares, its earnings and profits must be allocated first to such preferred shares, and then to the Common Stock, in each case on a pro rata basis.

[It is expected that a very substantial portion of the Fund’s income will consist of ordinary income. ] For example, interest and original issue discount derived by the Fund will constitute ordinary income. In addition, gain derived by the Fund from the disposition of debt securities with “market discount” (generally, securities purchased by the Fund at a discount to their stated redemption price) will be treated as ordinary income to the extent of the market discount that has accrued, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, at the time of such disposition unless the Fund makes an election to accrue market discount on a current basis. In addition, certain of the Fund’s investments will be subject to special U.S. federal income tax provisions that may affect the character, increase the amount and/or accelerate the timing of income earned by the fund. Dividends distributed by the Fund to a corporate Common Stockholder will qualify for the dividends-received deduction only to the extent that the dividends consist of properly reported distributions of qualifying dividends received by the Fund. In addition, any such dividends-received deduction will be disallowed or reduced if the corporate Common Stockholder fails to satisfy certain requirements, including a holding period requirement, with respect to its shares of Common Stock. Properly reported distributions of “qualified dividend income” to an individual or other non-corporate Common Stockholder made or deemed made by the Fund will be subject to tax at reduced maximum rates, provided that the stockholder meets certain holding period and other requirements with respect to its Common Stock. “Qualified dividend income” generally includes dividends from domestic corporations and dividends from non-U.S. corporations that meet certain specified criteria. [Given the Fund’s investment strategy, it is not expected that a large portion of the distributions made by the Fund will be eligible for the dividends-received deduction (in the case of corporate stockholders) or for treatment as “qualified dividend income” (in the case of individual stockholders). ]

Distributions will be treated in the manner described above regardless of whether such distributions are paid in cash or invested in additional shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Plan (as defined in the Prospectus). If the shares of Common Stock are trading below NAV, Common Stockholders receiving distributions in the form of additional shares of Common Stock will be treated as receiving a distribution in the amount of cash that they would have received if they had elected to receive the distribution in cash. [If the Fund issues additional shares of Common Stock with a fair market value equal to or greater than NAV, however, Common Stockholders will be treated as receiving a distribution in the amount of the fair market value of the distributed shares of Common Stock.]

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The IRS currently requires that a RIC that has two or more classes of stock allocate to each class proportionate amounts of each type of its income (such as ordinary income, capital gains and dividends qualifying for the dividends-received deduction) based upon the percentage of total dividends paid to each class for the tax year. Accordingly, if the Fund issues preferred shares, the Fund will allocate Capital Gain Dividends and dividends qualifying for the dividends-received deduction, if any, between its Common Stock and shares of preferred stock in proportion to the total dividends paid to each class with respect to such tax year.

Common Stockholders will be notified annually as to the U.S. federal tax status of distributions, and Common Stockholders receiving distributions in the form of additional shares of Common Stock will receive a report as to the NAV of those shares of Common Stock.

Net Investment Income Tax

An additional 3.8% tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from the Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceed certain threshold amounts.

Sale or Exchange of Common Stock

A Common Stockholder may recognize capital gain or loss on the sale or other disposition of Common Stock. The amount of the gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the amount realized and the Common Stockholder’s adjusted tax basis in the relevant Common Stock. Such gain or loss generally will be a long-term gain or loss if the Common Stockholder’s holding period for such Common Stock is more than one (1) year. Under current law, net capital gains recognized by non-corporate Common Stockholders are generally subject to reduced rates. The deductibility of capital losses are subject to various limitations under the Code.

Losses realized by a Common Stockholder on the sale or exchange of Common Stock held for six months or less will be treated as long-term capital losses to the extent of any distribution of long-term capital gain received (or deemed received, as discussed above) with respect to such Common Stock. In addition, no loss will be allowed on a sale or other disposition of Common Stock if the Common Stockholder acquires (including pursuant to the Plan), or enters into a contract or option to acquire, Common Stock within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the securities acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.

Reporting of adjusted cost basis information for covered securities, which generally include shares of a RIC acquired after January 1, 2012, is required to the IRS and to taxpayers. Common Stockholders should contact their financial intermediaries with respect to reporting of cost basis and available elections for their accounts.

Under U.S. Treasury regulations, if a Common Stockholder recognizes losses with respect to Common Stock of at least $2 million in any single taxable year or $4 million in any combination of taxable years for an individual Common Stockholder or $10 million in any single taxable year or $20 million in any combination of taxable years for a corporate Common Stockholder, the Common Stockholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on IRS Form 8886. Direct stockholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, stockholders of a RIC are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to stockholders of most or all RICs. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Stockholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

Backup Withholding and Information Reporting

The Fund generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable payments on the Fund’s shares and the proceeds from a repurchase of the Common Stock paid to an individual Common Stockholder if such Common Stockholder fails to provide the Fund with its correct taxpayer identification number (generally on an IRS form W-9) and to make required certifications or otherwise establish an exemption from backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld pursuant to these rules may be credited against the applicable Common Stockholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

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Non-U.S. Common Stockholders

The U.S. federal income taxation of a Common Stockholder that is not a “U.S. person”, as defined in the Code for U.S. federal income tax purposes (a “non-U.S. Common Stockholder”) depends on whether the income that the Common Stockholder derives from the Fund is “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business carried on by the Common Stockholder.

If the income that a non-U.S. Common Stockholder derives from the Fund is not “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business carried on by such non-U.S. Common Stockholder, distributions of “investment company taxable income” will generally be subject to a U.S. federal withholding tax at a rate of 30% (or a lower rate under an applicable treaty).

Properly reported dividends received by a non-U.S. individual or non-U.S. entity are generally exempt from U.S. federal withholding tax when they are (a) Capital Gain Dividends, (b) paid in respect of the Fund’s “qualified net interest income” (generally, the Fund’s U.S. source interest income, reduced by expenses that are allocable to such income), or (c) paid in connection with the Fund’s “qualified short-term capital gains” (generally, the excess of the Fund’s net short-term capital gain over the Fund’s long-term capital loss for such taxable year). The exceptions to withholding for Capital Gain Dividends and “qualified short-term capital gain” dividends do not apply to (A) distributions to an individual non-U.S. stockholder who is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the distribution and (B) distributions attributable to gain that is treated as effectively connected with the conduct by the non-U.S. stockholder of a trade or business within the United States under special rules regarding the disposition of U.S. real property interests. The exception to withholding for dividends attributable to “qualified net interest income” does not apply to distributions to a non-U.S. stockholder (A) that has not provided a satisfactory statement that the beneficial owner is not a U.S. person, (B) to the extent that the dividend is attributable to certain interest on an obligation if the non-U.S. stockholder is the issuer or is a 10% stockholder of the issuer, (C) that is within certain non-U.S. countries that have inadequate information exchange with the United States, or (D) to the extent the dividend is attributable to interest paid by a person that is a related person of the non-U.S. stockholder and the non-U.S. stockholder is a controlled foreign corporation. Depending on the circumstances, the Fund may report all, some or none of the Fund’s potentially eligible dividends as such qualified net interest income or as qualified short-term capital gains, and a portion of the Fund’s distributions (e.g., interest from non-U.S. sources or any foreign currency gains) would be ineligible for this potential exemption from withholding. In order to qualify for this exemption from withholding, a non-U.S. Common Stockholder would need to comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E or substitute Form). There can be no assurance as to what portion of the Fund’s distributions will be eligible for this exemption.

A non-U.S. Common Stockholder whose income from the Fund is not “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business (or, if an income tax treaty is applicable, is not attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the non-U.S. Common Stockholder in the United States) will generally be exempt from U.S. federal income tax on any amounts retained by the Fund that are designated as undistributed capital gains and any gains realized upon the sale or exchange of shares of the Fund. If, however, such a non-U.S. Common Stockholder is a non-U.S. individual and is physically present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and meets certain other requirements such undistributed capital gains and gains from the sale or exchange of Common Stock will be subject to a 30% U.S. tax.

If the income from the Fund is “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business carried on by a non-U.S. Common Stockholder (and, if an income tax treaty is applicable, is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the non-U.S. Common Stockholder in the United States), any distributions of “investment company taxable income,” any Capital Gain Dividends, any amounts retained by the Fund that are designated as undistributed capital gains and any gains realized upon the sale or exchange of shares of the Fund will be subject to U.S. income tax, on a net income basis, in the same manner, and at the rates applicable to, U.S. persons. If such a non-U.S. Common Stockholder is a corporation, it may also be subject to the U.S. branch profits tax.

A non-U.S. Common Stockholder other than a corporation may be subject to backup withholding on net capital gain distributions that are otherwise exempt from withholding tax or on distributions that would otherwise be taxable at a reduced treaty rate if such Common Stockholder does not certify its non-U.S. status under penalties of perjury or otherwise establish an exemption.

A non-U.S. Common Stockholder may also be subject to U.S. estate tax with respect to their Fund shares.

The tax consequences to a non-U.S. Common Stockholder entitled to claim the benefits of an applicable tax treaty may differ from those described herein. Non-U.S. Common Stockholders are advised to consult their tax advisors with respect to the particular tax consequences to them of an investment in the Fund.

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In addition, the Fund is required to withhold U.S. tax (at a 30% rate) on payments of taxable dividends made to certain non-U.S. entities that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with extensive reporting and withholding requirements designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of U.S.-owned non-U.S. investment accounts (“FATCA”). Under proposed Treasury regulations, which may be relied upon by taxpayers until final Treasury regulations are published, there is no FATCA withholding on certain capital gains distributions and gross proceeds from a sale or disposition of Fund shares. To avoid withholding, foreign financial institutions will need to (i) enter into agreements with the IRS that state that they will provide the IRS information, including the names, addresses and taxpayer identification numbers of direct and indirect U.S. account holders, comply with due diligence procedures with respect to the identification of U.S. accounts, report to the IRS certain information with respect to U.S. accounts maintained, agree to withhold tax on certain payments made to non-compliant foreign financial institutions or to account holders who fail to provide the required information, and determine certain other information as to their account holders, or (ii) in the event that an applicable intergovernmental agreement and implementing legislation are adopted, comply with such intergovernmental agreement and its implementing legislation and provide local revenue authorities with similar account holder information. Other non-U.S. entities will need to either provide the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner or certifications of no substantial U.S. ownership unless certain exceptions apply. Under some circumstances, a non-U.S. stockholder may be eligible for refunds or credits of such taxes. If a payment by the Fund is subject to FATCA withholding, the Fund is required to withhold even if such payment would otherwise be exempt from withholding under the rules applicable to non-U.S. Common Stockholder described above (e.g., dividends paid in respect of the Fund’s “qualified net interest income” or “qualified short-term capital gains”).

Other Taxes

Common Stockholders may be subject to state, local and non-U.S. taxes on their Fund distributions. Common Stockholders are advised to consult their tax advisors with respect to the particular tax consequences to them of an investment in the Fund.

PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROXY VOTING RECORD

The Board has delegated the Fund’s proxy voting authority to the Adviser.

Information regarding how the Fund voted proxies related to portfolio securities during the most recent twelve-month period ended June 30 is available:

1. without charge, upon request by calling 1-800-FUND-TCW (1-800-386-3829);

2. free of charge, on the Fund’s website at www.TCW.com; or

3. on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

When the Fund receives a request for its proxy voting record, it will send the information disclosed in the Fund’s most recently filed report on Form N-PX via first-class mail (or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery) within three business days of receipt of the request. The Fund also posts Form N-PX on its website as soon as is reasonably practicable after it is filed with the SEC.

The following is a summary of the proxy voting guidelines of the Adviser.

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TCW INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT COMPANY LLC

SUMMARY OF GLOBAL PROXY VOTING POLICY

TCW, through certain subsidiaries and affiliates acts as investment advisor for a variety of clients, including US-registered investment companies. TCW has the right to vote proxies on behalf of its US registered investment company clients and other clients, and believes that proxy voting rights can be a significant asset of its clients’ holdings.

Accordingly, TCW seeks to exercise that right consistent with its fiduciary duties on behalf of its clients. This policy applies to all discretionary accounts over which TCW has proxy voting responsibility or an obligation to provide proxy voting guidance with respect to the holdings it advises on a model or wrap basis.

While the Global Proxy Voting Policy, Guidelines, and Procedures (the “Policy”) outlined here are written to apply internationally, differences in local practice and law make a universal application of these guidelines impractical. As a consequence, it is important to note that each proposal is considered individually, reflecting the effects on the specific company and unique attributes of the industry and/or geography. In addition, this document serves as a set of general guidelines, not hardcoded rules, which are designed to aid us in voting proxies for TCW and not necessarily in making investment decisions. At TCW, we reserve the right in all cases to vote in contravention of the guidelines outlined in this Policy where doing so is judged to represent the best interests of its clients in the specific situation.

Engagement and Active Ownership Philosophy

As we seek to deliver on our client’s financial objectives, engagement and active ownership are integral components of TCW’s research and investment process. Our data-informed engagement and active ownership practices achieve several objectives. The information elicited from these practices not only helps improve our fundamental research, but our engagement and active ownership practices may also have positive impacts on the company or other entities by suggesting best practices in addressing critical, financially material issues in areas of sustainability, corporate governance, or executive compensation.

Our approach to engagement and active ownership encompasses a variety of tools tailored to different asset classes. Engagement is a practice applied to all our investments, spanning equity and fixed income, in both private and public markets. Proxy voting, on the other hand, is primarily relevant to public equities. Situations in which we find ourselves as a significant or controlling stockholder, or situations where we are the lead debt holder in a special situation occur primarily within our private business and demand a more tailored approach. We also actively engage with the industry in question to help leverage our expertise and improve industry practices more broadly.

Our portfolio managers, research analysts, and sustainable investment analysts collaborate closely in our ongoing dialogues with companies, investee entities, as well as suppliers, customers, competitors, and the broader industry. Our objective is, wherever feasible, to pursue engagement in an integrated fashion, bringing together investment professionals from sustainability and fundamental research teams, often focused on different parts of the capital structure. This integrated approach to engagement forms the cornerstone of our active ownership responsibilities and guides the investment choices we make on behalf of our clients. As an example, TCW analysts covering the same company from sustainability, corporate credit, and public equity research teams frequently find themselves jointly engaging with management on topics related to corporate strategy and governance, as well as climate-related business plans, executive compensation, and diversity of perspectives on the board.

The depth and breadth of TCW’s investments provides an important platform by which we engage with companies and other entities. Engagement is not just about having a dialogue with companies and other entities that already demonstrate a comprehensive approach to sustainability; it is also about engaging with companies and other entities that have less advanced sustainability practices. Our primary goal with engagement is to advance best practices in governance, transparency, and the management of identified material risks to ultimately drive long-term value in the investments we make on behalf of our clients.

Engagement is a dynamic and long-term process that evolves over multiple years. While change may require considerable time to materialize, our analysts continually reinforce and monitor our engagement objectives during their regular interactions with companies and other entities. Lack of responsiveness or progress is duly reflected in their assessments of investee entities, potentially leading to further actions as deemed necessary. We maintain a record of our engagements and may provide our clients with the understanding of both the volume and depth of engagements.

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Proxy Voting Procedures

TCW will make every reasonable effort to execute proxy votes on behalf of its clients prior to the applicable deadlines. However, TCW often relies on third parties, including custodians and clients, for the timely provision of proxy ballots. TCW may be unable to execute on proxy votes if it does not receive requisite materials with sufficient time to review and process them.

Proxy Committee

In order to carry out its fiduciary responsibilities in the voting of proxies for its clients, TCW has established a proxy voting committee (the “Proxy Committee”). The Proxy Committee generally meets quarterly (or at such other frequency as determined by the Proxy Committee), and its duties include establishing and maintaining the Policy, overseeing the internal proxy voting process, and reviewing proxy voting proposals and issues that may not be covered by the Policy. The Proxy Committee has been working with TCW’s equity investment teams to evolve TCW’s engagement process, proxy voting philosophy, scope of coverage, and execution.

Proxy Voting Services

TCW also uses outside proxy voting services (each an “Outside Service”) to help manage the proxy voting process. An Outside Service facilitates TCW’s voting according to the Policy (or, if applicable, according to guidelines submitted by TCW’s clients) by providing proxy research, an enhanced voting technology solution, and record keeping and reporting system(s). To supplement its own research and analysis in determining how best to vote a particular proxy proposal, TCW may utilize research, analysis or recommendations provided by the proxy voting service on a case-by-case basis. TCW does not as a policy follow the assessments or recommendations provided by the proxy voting service without its own determination and review. Under specified circumstances described below involving potential conflicts of interest, an Outside Service may also be requested to help decide certain proxy votes. In those instances, the Proxy Committee shall review and evaluate the voting recommendations of such Outside Service to ensure that recommendations are consistent with TCW’s clients’ best interests.

Sub-Adviser

Where TCW has retained the services of a Sub-Adviser to provide day-to-day portfolio management for the portfolio, TCW may delegate proxy voting authority to the Sub-Adviser; provided that the Sub-Adviser either (1) follows TCW’s Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures; or (2) has demonstrated that its proxy voting policies and procedures (“Sub-Adviser’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures”) are in the best interests of TCW’s clients and appear to comply with governing regulations. TCW also shall be provided the opportunity to review a Sub-Adviser’s Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures as deemed necessary or appropriate by TCW.

Conflicts of Interest

In the event a potential conflict of interest arises in the context of voting proxies for TCW’s clients, TCW will cast its votes according to the Policies or any applicable guidelines provided by TCW’s clients. In cases where a conflict of interest exists and there is no predetermined vote, the Proxy Committee will vote the proposals in a manner consistent with established conflict of interest procedures.

Proxy Voting Information and Recordkeeping

Upon request, TCW provides proxy voting records to its clients. TCW shall disclose the present policy as well as the results of its implementation (including the way TCW has voted) on its website in accordance with applicable law.

TCW or an Outside Service will keep records of the following items: (i) Proxy Voting Policies and any other proxy voting procedures; (ii) proxy statements received regarding client securities (unless such statements are available on the SEC’s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval (EDGAR) system); (iii) records of votes cast on behalf of clients (if maintained by an Outside Service, that Outside Service will provide copies of those records promptly upon request); (iv) records of written requests for proxy voting information and TCW’s response; and (v) any documents prepared by TCW that were material to making a decision on how to vote, or that memorialized the basis for the decision. Additionally, TCW or an Outside Service will maintain any documentation related to an identified material conflict of interest.

TCW or an Outside Service will maintain these records in an easily accessible place for at least seven years from the end of the fiscal year during which the last entry was made on such record. For the most recent two years, TCW or an Outside Service will store such records at its principal office.

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International Proxy Voting

While TCW utilizes these Proxy Voting Policies for both international and domestic portfolios and clients, there are some significant differences between voting U.S. company proxies and voting non-U.S. company proxies. For U.S. companies, it is relatively easy to vote proxies, as the proxies are automatically received and may be voted by mail or electronically.

For proxies of non-U.S. companies, although it is typically both difficult and costly to vote proxies, TCW will make every reasonable effort to vote such proxies.

Proxy Voting Guidelines

TCW has established guidelines to reflect TCW’s general position and practice on certain key issues, including sustainable issues. As stated previously, to preserve the ability of its portfolio managers and investment teams to make the best decisions in each case, such guidelines are intended only to provide context on topical issues. The full Policy is reviewed and updated as necessary, but at least annually, by the Proxy Committee.

As a signatory to the United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment, TCW also recognizes that applying certain sustainable principles may better align investors with broader objectives of society. In making proxy voting decisions, one key consideration, among other themes, is the materiality of sustainable factors to a company’s business activity and relevance to stockholder value. TCW believes that sustainable factors can affect the performance of investment portfolios (to varying degrees across companies, sectors, regions, asset classes and through time).

Additional Information

A description of TCW’s policies and procedures relating to proxy voting and class actions can also be found in the firm’s Part 2A of Form ADV. A copy of TCW’s Form ADV is available to clients upon request to the Proxy Specialist.

A copy of the Policy is also available on the Fund’s website at https://tcw.com.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Fund’s audited financial statements included in the annual report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, together with the report thereon of [ ] (“[ ]”), an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting, and the unaudited financial statements included in the semiannual report for the semiannual period ended June 30, 2025 are incorporated by reference. The address of [ ] is [ ]. The audit services they provide include examination of the financial statements of the Fund, and services relating to filings by the Fund with the SEC.

A copy of the Fund’s December 31, 2024 annual report is available at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Copies may also be obtained free of charge upon written or oral request from the Fund.

LEGAL COUNSEL

Ropes & Gray LLP serves as legal counsel to the Fund.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

A registration statement on Form N-2, including amendments thereto, relating to the shares of Common Stock of the Fund offered hereby, has been filed by the Fund with the SEC. The Prospectus and this SAI do not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement, including any exhibits and schedules thereto. For further information with respect to the Fund, the shares of Common Stock, reference is made to the registration statement. A copy of the registration statement may be reviewed on the SEC’s EDGAR database on the SEC’s internet site (http://www.sec.gov) or upon payment of copying fees by electronic request to publicinfo@sec.gov.

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APPENDIX A

Description of S&P, Moody’s and Fitch Credit Ratings

S&P’s Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings*


AAA		An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.

AA		An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.

A		An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong.

BBB		An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

BB; B; CCC; CC; and C		Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’, and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C’ the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposure to adverse conditions.

BB		An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

B		An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

CCC		An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

CC		An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The ‘CC’ rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but Standard & Poor’s expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.

C		An obligation rated ‘C’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared to obligations that are rated higher.

D		An obligation rated ‘D’ is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation’s rating is lowered to ‘D’ if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.

NR		This indicates that no rating has been requested, or that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor’s does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.

*	The ratings from ‘AA’ to ‘CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

Moody’s Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings*


Aaa		Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.

Aa		Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.

A		Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.

Baa		Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.

Ba		Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.

B		Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.

Caa		Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.

Ca		Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.

C		Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.

Fitch’s Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings*


AAA		Highest credit quality. ‘AAA’ ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.

AA		Very high credit quality. ‘AA’ ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.

A		High credit quality. ‘A’ ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.

BBB		Good credit quality. ‘BBB’ ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.

BB		Speculative. ‘BB’ ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.

B		Highly speculative. ‘B’ ratings indicate that material credit risk is present.

CCC		Substantial credit risk.

CC		Very high levels of credit risk.

C		Near default. A default or default-like process has begun, or the issuer is in standstill, or for a closed funding vehicle, payment capacity is irrevocably impaired. Conditions that are indicative of a ‘C’ category rating for an issuer include:

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		a. the issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation;

		b. the issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation; or

		c. the formal announcement by the issuer or their agent of a distressed debt exchange;

		d. a closed financing vehicle where payment capacity is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to pay interest and/or principal in full during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default is imminent

RD		Restricted default. ‘RD’ ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch Ratings’ opinion has experienced an uncured payment default or distressed debt exchange on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation but which has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, and which has not otherwise ceased operating. This would include:

		a. the selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt;

		b. the uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation;

		c. the extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; or

		d. ordinary execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations.

D		Default. ‘D’ ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch Ratings’ opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure or that has otherwise ceased business. Default ratings are not assigned prospectively to entities or their obligations; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will generally not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period, unless a default is otherwise driven by bankruptcy or other similar circumstance, or by a distressed debt exchange.

		“Imminent” default typically refers to the occasion where a payment default has been intimated by the issuer, and is all but inevitable. This may, for example, be where an issuer has missed a scheduled payment, but (as is typical) has a grace period during which it may cure the payment default. Another alternative would be where an issuer has formally announced a distressed debt exchange, but the date of the exchange still lies several days or weeks in the immediate future.

		In all cases, the assignment of a default rating reflects the agency’s opinion as to the most appropriate rating category consistent with the rest of its universe of ratings, and may differ from the definition of default under the terms of an issuer’s financial obligations or local commercial practice.

Note: The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. For example, the rating category ‘AA’ has three notch-specific rating levels (‘AA+’; ‘AA’; ‘AA-’; each a rating level). Such suffixes are not added to the ‘AAA’ rating and ratings below the ‘CCC’ category.

S&P’s Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings


A-1		A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on these obligations is extremely strong.

A-2		A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is satisfactory.

A-3		A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

B		A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.

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C		A short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

D		A short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation’s rating is lowered to ‘D’ if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.

Moody’s Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings


P-1		Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

P-2		Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

P-3		Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.

NP		Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

Fitch’s Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings


F1		Highest short-term credit quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.

F2		Good short-term credit quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.

F3		Fair short-term credit quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.

B		Speculative short-term credit quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.

C		High short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.

RD		Restricted default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.

D		Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.

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PART C

OTHER INFORMATION

Item 25.

Financial Statements and Exhibits

(1)	Financial Statements

Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s most recent Certified Shareholder Report on Form N-CSR, filed March 5, 2025 (File No. 811-04980)

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Schedule of Investments as of December 31, 2024.

Fair Valuation Summary as of December 31, 2024.

Statement of Assets and Liabilities as of December 31, 2024.

Statement of Operations for the fiscal period ended December 31, 2024.

Statements of Changes in Net Assets for the fiscal period ended December 31, 2024.

Notes to Financial Statements for the fiscal period ended December 31, 2024.

Financial Highlights during the fiscal period ended December 31, 2024.

(2)

Exhibits


(a)(i)		Articles of Incorporation. ⁽²⁾

(a)(ii)		Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, dated March 26, 2001. ⁽²⁾

(a)(iii)		Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, dated December 22, 2005. ⁽²⁾

(a)(iv)		Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, dated March 6, 2006. ⁽²⁾

(a)(v)		Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, dated November 23, 2015. ⁽²⁾

(b)(i)		By-Laws of Registrant. ⁽¹⁾

(b)(ii)		Article VIII of Bylaws. ⁽¹⁾

(c)		Not applicable.

(d)(i)		Specimen Common Stock Certificates. ⁽¹⁾

(d)(ii)		Form of Subscription Certificate. ⁽⁺⁾

(d)(iii)		Form of Notice of Guaranteed Delivery. ⁽⁺⁾

(e)		Dividend Reinvestment Plan Terms and Conditions. ⁽³⁾

(f)		Not applicable

(g)		Investment Advisory and Management Agreement between the Fund and TCW Investment Management Company, dated February 6, 2013. ⁽²⁾

(h)		Form of Dealer Manager Agreement, including form of Selling Group Agreement and Soliciting Dealer Agreement. ⁽⁺⁾

(i)		Not applicable.


(j)(i)(1)		Custody Agreement between the Fund and Investors Bank & Trust Company, dated June 29, 2007. ⁽³⁾

(j)(i)(2)		Amendment to Custody Agreement between the Fund and Investors Bank & Trust Company, dated July 1, 2010. ⁽³⁾

(j)(i)(3)		Amendment to Custody Agreement between the Fund and Investors Bank & Trust Company, dated July 1, 2018. ⁽³⁾

(j)(ii)(1)		Administration Agreement between the Fund and State Street Bank & Trust Company, dated June 29, 2007. ⁽³⁾

(j)(ii)(2)		Amendment to Administration Agreement between the Fund and State Street Bank & Trust Company, dated July 1, 2010. ⁽³⁾

(j)(ii)(3)		Amendment to Administration Agreement between the Fund and State Street Bank & Trust Company, dated June 29, 2018. ⁽³⁾

(j)(iii)		Credit Agreement between the Fund and The Bank of New York Mellon. ⁽³⁾

(k)		Form of Subscription and Information Agent Agreement. ⁽⁺⁾

(l)		Opinion of Counsel. ⁽⁺⁾

(m)		Not applicable

(n)		Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. ⁽⁺⁾

(o)		Not applicable

(p)		Initial Capitalization Agreement, dated as of February 17, 1987. ⁽¹⁾

(q)		Not applicable

(r)		Code of Ethics.⁽⁺⁾

(s)		Filing Fee Table. ^(*)

(t)(i)		Power of Attorney. ^(*)

(t)(ii)		Form of Prospectus Supplement Relating to Subscription Rights to Purchase Common Stock. ^(*)

(*)	Filed herewith.

(+)	To be filed by amendment.

(1)	Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2, filed on May 7, 2001 (File No. 811-4980).

(2)	Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2, filed on January 24, 2020 (File No. 811-4980).

(3)	Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-2, filed on March 6, 2020 (File No. 811-4980).

Item 26.

Marketing Arrangements

Inapplicable.

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Item 27.

Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution

The following table sets forth the estimated expenses to be incurred in connection with the offering described in this Registration Statement:

Legal Fees and Expenses

Printing Expenses

Reimbursement of Dealer Manager Expenses

NYSE Listing Fees

SEC Registration Fees

FINRA Fees

Accounting Fees and Expenses

Subscription Agent Fees and Expenses

Information Agent Fees and Expenses

Miscellaneous

Total(1)

(1)

Estimate is based on the aggregate estimated expenses to be incurred during a three year shelf offering period.

Item 28.

Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with Registrant

None.

Item 29.

Number of Holders of Securities


Title Class	Number of Record Shareholders as of [ ]
Common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share		[	]

Item 30.

Indemnification

Article VII of the Registrant’s charter obligates the Registrant, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law and subject to the requirements of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), to indemnify any director or officer from and against any claim or liability to which that individual may become subject or which that individual may incur by reason of his or her service in any such capacity and to pay or reimburse his or her reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding.

Maryland law requires a corporation (unless its charter provide otherwise, which is not the case for the Registrant’s charter) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity. Maryland law permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that (a) the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (1) was committed in bad faith or (2) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (b) the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services or (c) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe the act or omission was unlawful. However, under Maryland law, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that a personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a court orders indemnification, and then only for expenses. In addition, Maryland law permits a corporation to pay or reimburse reasonable expenses to a director or officer in advance of final disposition of a proceeding upon the corporation’s receipt of (a) a written affirmation by the director or officer

-3-

of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation and (b) a written undertaking by him or her or on his or her behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it is ultimately determined that the standard of conduct was not met.

In accordance with the 1940 Act, the Registrant will not indemnify any person for any liability to which such person would be subject by reason of such person’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.

Article VIII of the Bylaws of the Registrant in relevant part provides as follows:

(a)

Subject to the exceptions and limitations contained in paragraph (b) below:

(i)

every person who is, or has been, a director or officer of the Corporation shall be indemnified by the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by law against all liability and against all expenses reasonably incurred or paid by him in connection with any claim, action, suit or proceeding in which he becomes involved as a party or otherwise by virtue of his being or having been a director or officer and against all amounts paid or incurred by him in the settlement thereof;

(ii)

the words ‘claim,’ ‘action,’ ‘suit,’ or ‘proceeding’ shall apply to all claims, actions, suits or proceedings (civil, criminal or other, including appeals), actual or threatened; and the words ‘liability’ and ‘expense’ shall include, without limitation, attorneys’ fees, costs, judgements, amounts paid in settlement, fines, penalties and other liabilities.

(b)

No indemnification shall be provided hereunder to a director or officer:

(i)

against any liability to the Corporation or the shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of this office;

(ii)

with respect to any matter as to which he shall have been finally adjudicated not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that his action was in the best interest of the Corporation; and

(iii)

in the event of a settlement of other disposition not involving a final adjudication as provided in paragraph (b)(ii) resulting in a payment by a director or officer, unless there has been a determination that such director or officer did not engage in willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office:

(A)

by the court or other body approving the settlement or other disposition; or

(B)

based upon a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry) by (x) vote of a majority of the Non-Interested Directors acting on the matter (provided that a majority of the Non-Interested Directors then in office act on the matter) or (y) written opinion of independent legal counsel.

(c)

The rights of indemnification herein provided may be insured against by policies maintained by the Corporation, shall be severable, shall not affect any other rights to which any director or officer may now or hereafter be entitled, shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be such director or officer and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors, administrators and assigns of such a person. Nothing contained herein shall affect any rights to indemnification to which personnel of the Corporation other than directors and officers may be entitled by contract or otherwise under law.

(d)

Expenses of preparation and presentation of a defense to any claim, action, suit or proceeding of the character described in paragraph (a) of this Article VIII may be advanced by the Corporation prior to final disposition thereof upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the recipient to repay such amount if it is ultimately determined that he is not entitled to indemnification under this Article VIII provided that either:

-4-

(i)

such undertaking is secured by a surety bond or some other appropriate security provided by the recipient, or the Corporation shall be insured against losses arising out of any such advances; or

(ii)

a majority of the Non-Interested Directors acting on the matter (provided that a majority of the Non-Interested Directors act on the matter) or an independent legal counsel in a written opinion shall determine, based upon a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry), that there is reason to believe that the recipient ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.

As used in this Article VIII, a ‘Non-Interested Director’ is one who is not (i) an ‘Interested Person’ (within the meaning of that term under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended) of the Corporation (including anyone who has been exempted from being an ‘Interested Person’ by any rule, regulation or order of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”)), or (ii) involved in the claim, action, suit or proceeding.”

Directors and officers of the Fund are named as insured under a directors’ and officers’ errors and omissions insurance policy.

Item 31.

Business and Other Connections of the Adviser

In addition to the Fund, the Investment Adviser serves as investment adviser or subadviser to a number of open and closed-end management investment companies that are registered under the 1940 Act and to a number of foreign investment companies. The list required by this Item 30 of officers and directors of the Adviser, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by the Adviser and such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated by reference to Form ADV (SEC File No. 801-29075) filed by the Adviser pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.

Item 32.

Location of Accounts and Records

Unless otherwise stated below, the accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the 1940 Act and the Rules promulgated thereunder are maintained in the physical possession of the Treasurer of the Registrant, TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc., 865 South Figueroa Street, Los Angeles, California 90017:


Rule		Location of Required Records
31a-1(b)(2)(c)		State Street Bank & Trust Company One Congress Street, Suite 1 Boston, Massachusetts 02114

31a-1(b)(2)(d)		State Street Bank & Trust Company One Congress Street, Suite 1 Boston, Massachusetts 02114

31a-1(b)(4)-(6)		TCW Investment Management Company 515 South Flower Street Los Angeles, California 90071

31a-1(b)(9)-(11)		TCW Investment Management Company 515 South Flower Street Los Angeles, California 90071

-5-

Item 33.

Management Services

Not applicable.

Item 34.

Undertakings

(1)

The Registrant hereby undertakes to suspend the offering of shares until the prospectus is amended, if (a) subsequent to the effective date of its registration statement, the NAV declines more than ten percent from its NAV as of the effective date of the registration statement or (b) the NAV increases to an amount greater than its net proceeds as stated in the prospectus.

(2)

Not applicable.

(3)

The Registrant undertakes:

to file, during a period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement:

(1)

to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;

(2)

to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events after the effective date of the Registration Statement (or the most recent post- effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the Registration Statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement.

(3)

to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change to such information in the Registration Statement.

that for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof;

to remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering;

that, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:

(1)

if the Registrant is relying on Rule 430B;

(A)

Each prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

(B)

Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (x), or (xi) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the

-6-

prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; or

(2)

if the Registrant is subject to Rule 430C: each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act of 1933 as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.

that for the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of securities: The undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this Registration Statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to the purchaser: (1) any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act of 1933; (2) free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned Registrant; (3) the portion of any other free writing prospectus or advertisement pursuant to Rule 482 under the Securities Act of 1933 relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant; and (4) any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned Registrant to the purchaser.

(4)

If applicable, the Registrant undertakes that:

(a)

for the purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of a registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in the form of prospectus filed by the registrant under Rule 424(b)(1) under the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the time it was declared effective; and

(b)

For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of the securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(5)

Not applicable.

-7-

(6)

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

(7)

The registrant undertakes to send by first class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery, within two business days of receipt of a written or oral request, any Statement of Additional Information.

-8-

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Los Angeles and State of California, on the 8th day of August, 2025.


		TCW STRATEGIC INCOME FUND, INC.

By:		/s/ Megan McClellan
		Megan McClellan
		Vice President and Assistant Secretary

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.


Signature	Capacity	Date

*
Andrew Tarica	Director	August 8, 2025

/s/ Richard M. Villa
Richard M. Villa	Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer)	August 8, 2025

*
Martin Luther King III	Director	August 8, 2025

/s/ Megan McClellan		August 8, 2025
Megan McClellan	Director, President and Principal Executive Officer

*
Michael Swell	Director	August 8, 2025

*
Patrick C. Haden	Director	August 8, 2025

*
Patrick Moore	Director	August 8, 2025

*
Peter McMillan	Director	August 8, 2025

*
Robert G. Rooney	Director	August 8, 2025

*
Victoria B. Rogers	Director	August 8, 2025


*By:		/s/ Megan McClellan
		Megan McClellan
		Attorney-in-Fact

-9-

EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit		Caption

(s)		Filing Fee Table.

(t)(i)		Power of Attorney.

(t)(ii)		Form of Prospectus Supplement Relating to Subscription Rights to Purchase Common Stock.

-10-

Source: View Original Filing on SEC EDGAR

FAQ

What is TSI's investment objective?

The Fund's objective is to seek a total return comprised of current income and capital appreciation.

How are TSI's advisory fees structured?

The Adviser is paid an annual fee of 0.75% of the first $100 million of average Managed Assets and 0.50% on average Managed Assets in excess of $100 million.

Does TSI use leverage and on what terms?

Yes. The Fund may use leverage, including a credit facility described at Federal Funds Rate + 1.00% and other forms of leverage; specific facility limits and outstanding amounts are left blank in this filing.

What are the principal risks disclosed for TSI (TSI)?

Principal risks include leverage risk, derivatives and structured-product risk, credit/default risk (including high-yield and stressed issuers), illiquidity, market and geopolitical risk, and conflicts of interest related to adviser compensation.

How does TSI pay distributions and how often?

The Fund has a net investment income-based distribution policy and intends to pay quarterly distributions from accumulated undistributed net investment income and/or other sources consistent with the 1940 Act and tax rules.

[N-2] TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc. SEC Filing

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[N-2] TCW Strategic Income Fund, Inc. SEC Filing

Insights

Financial Analyst neutral

Risk Analyst negative

FAQ

What is TSI's investment objective?

How are TSI's advisory fees structured?

Does TSI use leverage and on what terms?

What are the principal risks disclosed for TSI (TSI)?

How does TSI pay distributions and how often?

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