Penumbra Inc Financials
Penumbra Inc (PEN) reported $1.4B in revenue for fiscal year 2025, up 17.5% from the prior fiscal year. This page shows its income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, and key financial ratios. View 13 years of annual fundamentals and quarterly data, with year-over-year growth rates and compound annual growth rates (CAGR). All figures are derived from SEC filings (10-K and 10-Q reports).
Penumbra’s recent step-up is a margin recovery story: higher gross profit now converts into durable operating and cash earnings.
FY2025’s earnings quality improved in a way the income statement alone hides: operating cash flow of$239M ran ahead of net income at$178M , so reported profit was backed by cash rather than accruals. Even so, ending cash did not build because capital was redeployed into investing uses, with investing outflows reaching$405M .
The big change in FY2025 was not just more sales but better unit economics: gross margin widened to
The balance sheet is built for resilience, with a current ratio of 6.6x and debt-to-equity of 0.3x, so short-term obligations are not what constrain operations. More interestingly, inventory at
Financial Health Signals
Scored against operating companies for FY2025. Each of the six dimensions is a percentile rank within that peer group; the overall is their average, with missing dimensions counted as zero out of six. A high score means strong standing among peers, not absolute cross-industry strength. How this score is calculated →
Health score ≠ stock price. This rates the quality of Penumbra Inc's business: profitability, growth, balance sheet strength. It doesn't tell you whether the stock is a good buy at today's price. Not financial advice. Use it alongside valuation analysis and your own research.
Penumbra Inc has an operating margin of 13.5%, meaning the company retains $13 of operating profit per $100 of revenue. This results in a moderate score of 55/100, indicating healthy but not exceptional operating efficiency. This is up from 0.8% the prior year.
Penumbra Inc's revenue surged 17.5% year-over-year to $1.4B, reflecting rapid business expansion. This strong growth earns a score of 76/100.
Penumbra Inc carries a low D/E ratio of 0.28, meaning only $0.28 of long-term debt for every $1 of shareholders' equity. This conservative leverage earns a score of 69/100, indicating a strong balance sheet with room for future borrowing.
With a current ratio of 6.64, Penumbra Inc holds $6.64 in current assets for every $1 of short-term obligations. This comfortable liquidity earns a score of 93/100.
Penumbra Inc converts 12.5% of revenue into free cash flow ($174.9M). This strong cash generation earns a score of 71/100.
Penumbra Inc's ROE of 12.4% shows moderate profitability relative to equity, earning a score of 48/100. This is up from 1.2% the prior year.
Penumbra Inc scores 21.19, well above the 2.99 safe threshold. The score is driven primarily by a large market capitalization ($12.8B) relative to total liabilities ($398.9M). This indicates low bankruptcy risk based on profitability, leverage, and asset efficiency.
Distress-screening estimate for non-financial companies. Not computed for banks or insurers, where the Altman model does not apply.
Penumbra Inc passes 6 of 8 computable financial strength tests (1 of the nine could not be computed from available data). All 4 profitability signals pass (positive income, cash flow, and earnings quality), 1 of 2 leverage/liquidity signals pass, 1 of 2 efficiency signals pass.
For every $1 of reported earnings, Penumbra Inc generates $1.34 in operating cash flow ($238.7M OCF vs $177.7M net income). This indicates profits are well-supported by actual cash generation, not accounting adjustments.
Penumbra Inc earns $144.35 in operating income for every $1 of interest expense ($189.2M vs $1.3M). This wide margin provides strong safety for debt servicing, even if earnings decline temporarily.
Key Financial Metrics
Earnings & Revenue
Penumbra Inc generated $1.4B in revenue in fiscal year 2025. This represents an increase of 17.5% from the prior year.
Penumbra Inc's EBITDA was $206.7M in fiscal year 2025, measuring earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. This represents an increase of 526.8% from the prior year.
Penumbra Inc reported $177.7M in net income in fiscal year 2025. This represents an increase of 1168.1% from the prior year.
Penumbra Inc earned $4.52 per diluted share (EPS) in fiscal year 2025. This represents an increase of 1155.6% from the prior year.
Cash & Balance Sheet
Penumbra Inc generated $174.9M in free cash flow in fiscal year 2025, representing cash available after capex. This represents an increase of 18.8% from the prior year.
Penumbra Inc held $186.9M in cash as of fiscal year 2025; long-term debt is not reported for that period.
Not reported for fiscal year 2025.
Margins & Returns
Penumbra Inc's gross margin was 67.1% in fiscal year 2025, indicating the percentage of revenue retained after direct costs. This is up 3.9 percentage points from the prior year.
Penumbra Inc's operating margin was 13.5% in fiscal year 2025, reflecting core business profitability. This is up 12.7 percentage points from the prior year.
Penumbra Inc's net profit margin was 12.7% in fiscal year 2025, showing the share of revenue converted to profit. This is up 11.5 percentage points from the prior year.
Penumbra Inc's ROE was 12.4% in fiscal year 2025, measuring profit generated per dollar of shareholder equity. This is up 11.2 percentage points from the prior year.
Capital Allocation
Penumbra Inc invested $89.8M in research and development in fiscal year 2025. This represents a decrease of 5.3% from the prior year.
Penumbra Inc repurchased no shares in fiscal year 2025. This represents a decrease of 100.0% from the prior year.
Penumbra Inc invested $63.7M in capex in fiscal year 2025, funding long-term assets and infrastructure. This represents an increase of 200.9% from the prior year.
PEN Income Statement
Figures in USD, abbreviated K (thousand), M (million), B (billion), T (trillion). Negative values carry a minus sign and red type.
| Metric | TTM | FY25 | FY24 | FY23 | FY22 | FY21 | FY20 | FY19 | FY18 | FY17 | FY16 | FY15 | FY14 | FY13 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | $1.5B | $1.4B+17.5% | $1.2B+12.9% | $1.1B+25.0% | $847.1M+13.3% | $747.6M+33.4% | $560.4M+2.4% | $547.4M+23.0% | $444.9M+33.3% | $333.8M+26.8% | $263.3M+41.5% | $186.1M+48.3% | $125.5M+41.3% | $88.8M |
| Cost of Revenue | $484.0M | $461.2M+4.9% | $439.6M+17.0% | $375.9M+20.5% | $311.9M+14.6% | $272.2M+22.5% | $222.2M+26.7% | $175.4M+15.1% | $152.4M+30.7% | $116.6M+26.1% | $92.5M+49.1% | $62.0M+45.4% | $42.7M+37.8% | $31.0M |
| Gross Profit | $1.0B | $942.4M+24.8% | $755.0M+10.6% | $682.6M+27.5% | $535.2M+12.6% | $475.4M+40.6% | $338.2M-9.1% | $372.0M+27.2% | $292.5M+34.7% | $217.1M+27.1% | $170.8M+37.7% | $124.1M+49.8% | $82.8M+43.1% | $57.9M |
| R&D Expenses | $92.2M | $89.8M-5.3% | $94.8M+12.3% | $84.4M+6.3% | $79.4M-24.1% | $104.6M+16.1% | $90.0M+74.1% | $51.7M+43.0% | $36.2M+14.2% | $31.7M+32.6% | $23.9M+32.4% | $18.0M+15.7% | $15.6M+10.6% | $14.1M |
| SG&A Expenses | $741.3M | $663.4M+15.6% | $574.0M+13.3% | $506.5M+12.6% | $449.7M+18.9% | $378.3M+31.8% | $287.1M+5.3% | $272.7M+20.5% | $226.4M+22.8% | $184.3M+24.3% | $148.3M+45.6% | $101.9M+58.5% | $64.3M+43.1% | $44.9M |
| Operating Income | $187.3M | $189.2M+1939.5% | $9.3M-87.4% | $73.6M+1109.3% | $6.1M+181.1% | -$7.5M+80.7% | -$38.9M-182.0% | $47.5M+5676.1% | -$852K-173.1% | $1.2M+186.3% | -$1.4M-132.3% | $4.2M+38.9% | $3.0M+367.2% | -$1.1M |
| Interest Expense | $1.3M | $1.3M-7.5% | $1.4M-18.5% | $1.7M-0.6% | $1.7M-9.5% | $1.9M | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Income Tax | $43.2M | $27.4M+300.1% | $6.9M+160.7% | -$11.3M-291.8% | $5.9M+144.9% | -$13.1M+30.0% | -$18.8M-699.2% | $3.1M+171.1% | -$4.4M-21.9% | -$3.6M+77.0% | -$15.7M-1045.3% | $1.7M+85.6% | $894K+116.7% | -$5.4M |
| Net Income | $160.6M | $177.7M+1168.1% | $14.0M-84.6% | $91.0M+4643.2% | -$2.0M-137.9% | $5.3M+133.7% | -$15.7M-132.4% | $48.5M+634.1% | $6.6M+41.7% | $4.7M-68.6% | $14.8M+526.4% | $2.4M+5.3% | $2.2M-45.2% | $4.1M |
| EPS (Diluted) | — | $4.52+1155.6% | $0.36-84.5% | $2.32+4740.0% | -$0.05-135.7% | $0.14+131.8% | -$0.44-132.8% | $1.34+644.4% | $0.18+38.5% | $0.13-70.5% | $0.44+450.0% | $0.08 | -$0.18-228.6% | $0.14 |
TTM is the trailing twelve months, Q3 FY2025 through Q2 FY2026, summed from the four most recent quarterly filings. A row marked — cannot be summed at all, because a quarter in the window reports no per-share figure; a row marked N/A could be summed, but a quarter in the window does not report that metric.
PEN Balance Sheet
Figures in USD, abbreviated K (thousand), M (million), B (billion), T (trillion). Negative values carry a minus sign and red type.
| Metric | FY25 | FY24 | FY23 | FY22 | FY21 | FY20 | FY19 | FY18 | FY17 | FY16 | FY15 | FY14 | FY13 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Assets | $1.8B+19.1% | $1.5B-1.5% | $1.6B+13.5% | $1.4B+10.2% | $1.2B+51.2% | $823.0M+23.6% | $665.9M+29.3% | $515.0M+8.0% | $476.7M+54.6% | $308.3M+16.8% | $263.8M+117.4% | $121.4M | N/A |
| Current Assets | $1.2B+27.9% | $951.1M+3.9% | $915.4M+21.1% | $755.7M+10.9% | $681.5M+10.3% | $617.7M+33.4% | $463.1M+12.8% | $410.7M+7.5% | $382.2M+44.9% | $263.8M+8.0% | $244.4M+111.9% | $115.3M | N/A |
| Cash & Equivalents | $186.9M-42.4% | $324.4M+93.7% | $167.5M+139.8% | $69.9M+17.6% | $59.4M-14.8% | $69.7M-4.3% | $72.8M+7.3% | $67.8M+34.0% | $50.6M+282.6% | $13.2M-32.3% | $19.5M+494.1% | $3.3M-20.4% | $4.1M |
| Inventory | $431.5M+6.1% | $406.7M+4.8% | $388.0M+16.2% | $334.0M+26.8% | $263.5M+20.0% | $219.5M+43.5% | $153.0M+32.2% | $115.7M+22.0% | $94.9M+30.0% | $73.0M+28.6% | $56.8M+69.7% | $33.5M | N/A |
| Accounts Receivable | $190.0M+13.3% | $167.7M-16.9% | $201.8M-0.8% | $203.4M+51.8% | $133.9M+16.9% | $114.6M+8.2% | $105.9M+29.3% | $81.9M+41.2% | $58.0M+33.9% | $43.3M+47.2% | $29.4M+55.7% | $18.9M | N/A |
| Goodwill | $166.8M+0.6% | $165.8M-0.3% | $166.3M+0.1% | $166.0M-0.2% | $166.4M+1887.4% | $8.4M+9.4% | $7.7M-2.0% | $7.8M-4.5% | $8.2M | $0 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Total Liabilities | $398.9M+4.4% | $382.3M+1.3% | $377.4M+1.4% | $372.0M+28.1% | $290.3M+56.8% | $185.2M+2.7% | $180.3M+94.7% | $92.6M+21.4% | $76.3M+82.8% | $41.7M+33.1% | $31.3M-76.6% | $133.8M | N/A |
| Current Liabilities | $183.1M+15.7% | $158.3M+4.8% | $151.1M+4.3% | $144.9M+17.6% | $123.2M+16.3% | $105.9M+16.3% | $91.0M+37.8% | $66.1M+28.1% | $51.6M+44.1% | $35.8M+27.2% | $28.1M+35.2% | $20.8M | N/A |
| Total Equity | $1.4B+24.0% | $1.2B-2.4% | $1.2B+18.0% | $998.9M+4.7% | $953.9M+48.7% | $641.5M+32.0% | $485.9M+15.1% | $422.2M+5.5% | $400.4M+50.2% | $266.5M+14.6% | $232.5M+1979.7% | -$12.4M-53.4% | -$8.1M |
| Retained Earnings | $237.7M+296.1% | $60.0M-55.5% | $134.9M+207.2% | $43.9M-4.4% | $45.9M+13.0% | $40.6M-29.4% | $57.5M+534.6% | $9.1M+354.1% | $2.0M+175.0% | -$2.7M+84.8% | -$17.5M+11.9% | -$19.8M | N/A |
Not reported in any period shown, so not listed: Long-Term Debt.
PEN Cash Flow Statement
Figures in USD, abbreviated K (thousand), M (million), B (billion), T (trillion). Negative values carry a minus sign and red type.
| Metric | TTM | FY25 | FY24 | FY23 | FY22 | FY21 | FY20 | FY19 | FY18 | FY17 | FY16 | FY15 | FY14 | FY13 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating Cash Flow | $277.8M | $238.7M+41.7% | $168.5M+73.1% | $97.3M+274.9% | -$55.7M-685.8% | $9.5M+128.6% | -$33.2M-224.7% | $26.7M-7.5% | $28.8M+127.0% | $12.7M+199.1% | -$12.8M+38.1% | -$20.7M-223.8% | -$6.4M-88.1% | -$3.4M |
| Capital Expenditures | $61.9M | $63.7M+200.9% | $21.2M+39.2% | $15.2M-21.2% | $19.3M-8.9% | $21.2M-14.4% | $24.8M+12.0% | $22.1M+130.2% | $9.6M-23.4% | $12.5M-8.1% | $13.6M+149.1% | $5.5M+40.8% | $3.9M+387.2% | $798K |
| Free Cash Flow | $215.9M | $174.9M+18.8% | $147.3M+79.4% | $82.1M+209.6% | -$75.0M-541.9% | -$11.7M+79.9% | -$58.0M-1376.6% | $4.5M-76.3% | $19.2M+11978.6% | $159K+100.6% | -$26.4M-1.1% | -$26.2M-154.6% | -$10.3M-145.0% | -$4.2M |
| Investing Cash Flow | -$510.2M | -$404.6M-621.2% | $77.6M+582.9% | -$16.1M-129.3% | $54.8M+352.1% | -$21.7M+79.1% | -$104.1M-719.4% | -$12.7M-3201.6% | -$385K+99.5% | -$77.7M-11403.2% | $687K+100.8% | -$85.8M-131.9% | -$37.0M-2857.7% | -$1.3M |
| Financing Cash Flow | $16.1M | $26.5M+130.5% | -$87.0M-637.0% | $16.2M+39.4% | $11.6M+1290.2% | $836K-99.4% | $134.9M+1605.9% | -$9.0M+8.7% | -$9.8M-109.4% | $104.4M+1364.5% | $7.1M-94.2% | $122.8M+186.3% | $42.9M+1869.6% | $2.2M |
| Share Buybacks | N/A | $0-100.0% | $100.4M | $0 | $0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Not reported in any period shown, so not listed: Dividends Paid.
TTM is the trailing twelve months, Q3 FY2025 through Q2 FY2026, summed from the four most recent quarterly filings. A row marked — cannot be summed at all, because a quarter in the window reports no per-share figure; a row marked N/A could be summed, but a quarter in the window does not report that metric.
PEN Financial Ratios
Margins and returns are percentages; the remaining ratios are unitless multiples.
| Metric | FY25 | FY24 | FY23 | FY22 | FY21 | FY20 | FY19 | FY18 | FY17 | FY16 | FY15 | FY14 | FY13 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross Margin | 67.1%+3.9pp | 63.2%-1.3pp | 64.5%+1.3pp | 63.2%-0.4pp | 63.6%+3.2pp | 60.3%-7.6pp | 68.0%+2.2pp | 65.8%+0.7pp | 65.1%+0.2pp | 64.9%-1.8pp | 66.7%+0.7pp | 66.0%+0.9pp | 65.1% |
| Operating Margin | 13.5%+12.7pp | 0.8%-6.2pp | 7.0%+6.2pp | 0.7%+1.7pp | -1.0%+6.0pp | -7.0%-15.6pp | 8.7%+8.9pp | -0.2%-0.5pp | 0.4%+0.9pp | -0.5%-2.8pp | 2.3%-0.2pp | 2.4%+3.7pp | -1.3% |
| Net Margin | 12.7%+11.5pp | 1.2%-7.4pp | 8.6%+8.8pp | -0.2%-0.9pp | 0.7%+3.5pp | -2.8%-11.6pp | 8.8%+7.4pp | 1.5%+0.1pp | 1.4%-4.2pp | 5.6%+4.4pp | 1.3%-0.5pp | 1.8%-2.8pp | 4.6% |
| Return on Equity | 12.4%+11.2pp | 1.2%-6.5pp | 7.7%+7.9pp | -0.2%-0.8pp | 0.5%+3.0pp | -2.5%-12.4pp | 10.0%+8.4pp | 1.6%+0.4pp | 1.2%-4.4pp | 5.6%+4.5pp | 1.0% | N/A | N/A |
| Return on Assets | 9.7%+8.8pp | 0.9%-4.9pp | 5.8%+6.0pp | -0.1%-0.6pp | 0.4%+2.3pp | -1.9%-9.2pp | 7.3%+6.0pp | 1.3%+0.3pp | 1.0%-3.8pp | 4.8%+3.9pp | 0.9%-0.9pp | 1.8% | N/A |
| Current Ratio | 6.64+0.6x | 6.010.0x | 6.06+0.8x | 5.21-0.3x | 5.53-0.3x | 5.83+0.7x | 5.09-1.1x | 6.22-1.2x | 7.410.0x | 7.37-1.3x | 8.68+3.1x | 5.54 | N/A |
| Debt-to-Equity | 0.28-0.1x | 0.330.0x | 0.32-0.1x | 0.37+0.1x | 0.300.0x | 0.29-0.1x | 0.37+0.2x | 0.220.0x | 0.190.0x | 0.160.0x | 0.13 | N/A | N/A |
| FCF Margin | 12.5%+0.1pp | 12.3%+4.6pp | 7.8%+16.6pp | -8.8%-7.3pp | -1.6%+8.8pp | -10.3%-11.2pp | 0.8%-3.5pp | 4.3%+4.3pp | 0.1%+10.1pp | -10.0%+4.0pp | -14.1%-5.9pp | -8.2%-3.5pp | -4.7% |
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Where Penumbra Inc Ranks
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Penumbra Inc's annual revenue?
Penumbra Inc (PEN) reported $1.4B in total revenue for fiscal year 2025. This represents a 17.5% change compared to the previous fiscal year. Revenue measures the total income earned from the company's primary business operations before any expenses are deducted.
How fast is Penumbra Inc's revenue growing?
Penumbra Inc (PEN) revenue grew by 17.5% year-over-year, from $1.2B to $1.4B in fiscal year 2025.
Is Penumbra Inc profitable?
Yes, Penumbra Inc (PEN) reported a net income of $177.7M in fiscal year 2025, with a net profit margin of 12.7%.
What is Penumbra Inc's EBITDA?
Penumbra Inc (PEN) had EBITDA of $206.7M in fiscal year 2025, measuring earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.
What is Penumbra Inc's gross margin?
Penumbra Inc (PEN) had a gross margin of 67.1% in fiscal year 2025, indicating the percentage of revenue retained after direct costs of goods sold.
What is Penumbra Inc's operating margin?
Penumbra Inc (PEN) had an operating margin of 13.5% in fiscal year 2025, reflecting the profitability of core business operations before interest and taxes.
What is Penumbra Inc's net profit margin?
Penumbra Inc (PEN) had a net profit margin of 12.7% in fiscal year 2025, representing the share of revenue converted into profit after all expenses.
What is Penumbra Inc's return on equity (ROE)?
Penumbra Inc (PEN) has a return on equity of 12.4% for fiscal year 2025, measuring how efficiently the company generates profit from shareholder equity.
What is Penumbra Inc's free cash flow?
Penumbra Inc (PEN) generated $174.9M in free cash flow during fiscal year 2025. This represents a 18.8% change compared to the previous fiscal year. Free cash flow represents the cash a company generates after accounting for capital expenditures, and is widely used to assess financial flexibility and shareholder value.
What is Penumbra Inc's operating cash flow?
Penumbra Inc (PEN) generated $238.7M in operating cash flow during fiscal year 2025, representing cash generated from core business activities.
What are Penumbra Inc's total assets?
Penumbra Inc (PEN) had $1.8B in total assets as of fiscal year 2025, including both current and long-term assets.
What are Penumbra Inc's capital expenditures?
Penumbra Inc (PEN) invested $63.7M in capital expenditures during fiscal year 2025, funding long-term assets and infrastructure.
How much does Penumbra Inc spend on research and development?
Penumbra Inc (PEN) invested $89.8M in research and development during fiscal year 2025.
What is Penumbra Inc's current ratio?
Penumbra Inc (PEN) had a current ratio of 6.64 as of fiscal year 2025, which is generally considered healthy.
What is Penumbra Inc's debt-to-equity ratio?
Penumbra Inc (PEN) had a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.28 as of fiscal year 2025, measuring the company's financial leverage by comparing total debt to shareholder equity.
What is Penumbra Inc's return on assets (ROA)?
Penumbra Inc (PEN) had a return on assets of 9.7% for fiscal year 2025, measuring how efficiently the company uses its assets to generate profit.
What is Penumbra Inc's Altman Z-Score?
Penumbra Inc (PEN) has an Altman Z-Score of 21.19, placing it in the Safe Zone (low bankruptcy risk). The Z-Score combines five financial ratios (working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market capitalization, and revenue relative to total assets) to predict the likelihood of bankruptcy. Scores above 2.99 indicate financial safety while scores below 1.81 suggest financial distress. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.
What is Penumbra Inc's Piotroski F-Score?
Penumbra Inc (PEN) has a Piotroski F-Score of 6 out of 8 computable signals; 1 of the nine could not be computed from available data, so the full-scale strength rating is not shown. The F-Score evaluates nine binary signals across profitability (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, earnings quality), leverage (decreasing debt, improving liquidity, no share dilution), and operating efficiency (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Scores of 7 to 9 indicate strong and improving fundamentals. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.
Are Penumbra Inc's earnings high quality?
Penumbra Inc (PEN) has an earnings quality ratio of 1.34x, considered cash-backed (high quality). This ratio compares operating cash flow to net income. A ratio above 1.0x means the company generates more cash than its reported earnings, indicating sustainable, cash-backed profits. Ratios below 1.0x suggest earnings rely on accounting accruals rather than actual cash generation. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.
Can Penumbra Inc cover its interest payments?
Penumbra Inc (PEN) has an interest coverage ratio of 144.35x, meaning it can comfortably cover its interest obligations. This ratio divides operating income by interest expense. Ratios above 5x indicate strong debt-servicing ability, while ratios below 2x suggest the company may face difficulty meeting interest payments if earnings decline. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.
How financially healthy is Penumbra Inc?
Penumbra Inc (PEN) scores 69 out of 100 on our Financial Health Score, indicating strong standing within its operating companies peer group. The score is a 0-100 composite of six dimensions (Profitability, Growth, Leverage, Liquidity, Cash Flow, Returns), each ranked as a percentile relative to companies in the same scoring family (banks against banks, REITs against REITs, and so on) rather than across all industries. It rates the quality of the business, not whether the stock is fairly priced, and is not financial advice. Learn more in our complete guide to financial health indicators.