Aquestive (NASDAQ: AQST) maps 2026 votes on board, pay and auditor
Aquestive Therapeutics has called its 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders for June 10, 2026 at 9:30 a.m. Eastern, to be held in a virtual‑only format via live audio webcast. Stockholders will be able to vote and ask questions online using a 16‑digit control number.
Investors are being asked to elect three Class II directors — Gregory B. Brown, M.D., John S. Cochran and Abigail L. Jenkins — each to serve until the 2029 meeting, approve on an advisory "say‑on‑pay" basis the compensation of named executive officers, and ratify the selection of the independent registered public accounting firm. The Board unanimously recommends voting for all three proposals.
The proxy describes a classified seven‑member board with six independent directors, detailed committee structures, and non‑employee director pay combining cash retainers and annual stock option grants. It also outlines the executive pay program, mixing salary, annual cash bonuses and stock‑based awards, including 2025 performance stock units that vest only if share‑price targets between $6.00 and $8.00 are achieved. There were 124,284,542 common shares outstanding as of April 13, 2026, each entitled to one vote. As a “smaller reporting company,” Aquestive provides scaled SEC disclosures.
Positive
- None.
Negative
- None.
Key Figures
Key Terms
smaller reporting company regulatory
broker non-vote regulatory
performance stock units financial
say-on-pay regulatory
classified board regulatory
Inducement Equity Incentive Plan financial
Compensation Summary
| Name | Title | Total Compensation |
|---|---|---|
| Daniel Barber | ||
| Lori J. Braender | ||
| A. Ernest Toth, Jr. |
- Election of three Class II directors to serve until the 2029 Annual Meeting
- Non-binding advisory vote to approve compensation of named executive officers
- Ratification of the selection of the independent registered public accounting firm
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Check the appropriate box: | |||
☐ | Preliminary Proxy Statement | ||
☐ | Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2)) | ||
☒ | Definitive Proxy Statement | ||
☐ | Definitive Additional Materials | ||
☐ | Soliciting Material under §240.14a-12 | ||
☒ | No fee required | |||||
☐ | Fee paid previously with preliminary materials | |||||
☐ | Fee computed on table in exhibit required by Item 25(b) per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11 | |||||
TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sincerely, | |||
![]() | |||
Daniel Barber | |||
April 24, 2026 | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director | ||
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. | To elect Gregory B. Brown, M.D., John S. Cochran and Abigail L. Jenkins as Class II members of the Board of Directors, each to serve for a three-year term until the Company’s 2029 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified; |
2. | To approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of our named executive officers, as described in the accompanying Proxy Statement; |
3. | To ratify the appointment of KPMG LLP as the independent registered public accounting firm for the Company for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2026; and |
4. | To act upon any other matters that may properly come before the 2026 Annual Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof. |
• | Vote over the Internet, by going to www.proxyvote.com and following the online instructions (have your Notice or proxy card in hand when you access the website); |
• | Vote by Telephone, by calling the toll-free number 1-800-690-6903 (have your Notice or proxy card in hand when you call); |
• | Vote by Mail, if you requested and received a printed copy of the proxy materials, by completing, signing and dating the proxy card provided to you and returning it in the prepaid envelope provided to you; or |
• | Vote at the Annual Meeting, see “How do I vote my shares at the Annual Meeting?” in the attached Proxy Statement. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
By Order of the Board of Directors, | |||
![]() | |||
April 24, 2026 | Thomas. A. Zalewski | ||
Chief Legal Officer and Chief Compliance Officer | |||
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page | |||
PROXY STATEMENT FOR 2026 ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS | 1 | ||
GENERAL INFORMATION | 1 | ||
When and where will the Annual Meeting be held? | 1 | ||
What is the record date for the Annual Meeting? | 1 | ||
How many votes can be cast by all stockholders? | 1 | ||
How do I vote? | 2 | ||
How do I attend the Annual Meeting as a stockholder of record? | 2 | ||
How do I register to attend the Annual Meeting as a beneficial owner? | 2 | ||
How do I vote my shares at the Annual Meeting? | 2 | ||
Will a list of stockholders be available in advance of the Annual Meeting? | 2 | ||
May I attend the Annual Meeting as a guest? | 3 | ||
Will technical support be available at the Annual Meeting? | 3 | ||
How do I ask questions during the Annual Meeting? | 3 | ||
What are the Board’s recommendations on how to vote my shares? | 3 | ||
How are proxies solicited? | 3 | ||
Can I change or revoke my vote? | 3 | ||
How is a quorum reached? | 3 | ||
What is a broker non-vote? | 3 | ||
What vote is required to approve each item? | 4 | ||
Could other matters be decided at the Annual Meeting? | 4 | ||
What happens if the Annual Meeting is postponed or adjourned? | 4 | ||
What does it mean if I receive more than one Notice, proxy card or voting instruction form? | 4 | ||
Where can I find the voting results of the Annual Meeting? | 4 | ||
What are the implications of being a “smaller reporting company”? | 5 | ||
PROPOSAL NO. 1: ELECTION OF DIRECTORS | 6 | ||
BOARD OF DIRECTORS | 7 | ||
Board Composition and Structure | 7 | ||
Director Biographies | 7 | ||
NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTOR COMPENSATION | 11 | ||
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE | 12 | ||
Director Independence | 12 | ||
Board Meetings, Attendance and Executive Sessions | 12 | ||
Board Leadership Structure | 12 | ||
Board of Directors’ Role in Risk Oversight | 13 | ||
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and Corporate Governance Guidelines | 13 | ||
Board Committees | 13 | ||
Policies Governing Director Nominations | 16 | ||
Corporate Sustainability Matters | 17 | ||
Communication with the Board of Directors | 17 | ||
Insider Trading Policy | 17 | ||
Hedging and Pledging Policies | 17 | ||
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS | 18 | ||
Executive Officer Biographies | 18 | ||
PROPOSAL NO. 2: NON-BINDING ADVISORY VOTE ON THE COMPENSATION OF OUR NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS | 20 | ||
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION | 21 | ||
Narrative Discussion of Summary Compensation Table | 21 | ||
Summary Compensation Table | 25 | ||
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year End Table | 26 | ||
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page | |||
Equity Compensation Plan Information | 27 | ||
Employment Agreements with Named Executive Officers | 28 | ||
AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT | 33 | ||
PAY VERSUS PERFORMANCE DISCLOSURE | 34 | ||
PROPOSAL NO. 3: RATIFICATION OF SELECTION OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM | 37 | ||
BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP OF COMMON STOCK | 39 | ||
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS | 41 | ||
DELINQUENT SECTION 16(a) REPORTS | 42 | ||
GENERAL MATTERS | 42 | ||
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
• | By Internet. You may vote by proxy via the Internet at www.proxyvote.com and following the online instructions. You will need your Notice or proxy card in hand at the time that you access the website. |
• | By Telephone. If you live in the United States or Canada, you may vote by proxy by calling toll-free 1-800-690-6903. You will need your Notice or proxy card in hand at the time that you call. |
• | By Mail. If you requested and received a printed copy of the proxy materials, you may complete and mail your proxy card in the postage prepaid envelope you received and return the proxy card to Broadridge Financial Solutions Inc. at Processing, c/o Broadridge, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, NY 11717. Your proxy will be voted in accordance with your instructions. If you sign and return the enclosed proxy but do not specify how you want your shares voted, they will be voted “FOR” the election of each of the Class II director nominees, “FOR” the approval of the compensation of our named executive officers, and “FOR” the ratification of KPMG LLP as Aquestive’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2026. |
• | At the Meeting. If you plan to attend and to vote at the Annual Meeting, see “How do I vote my shares at the Annual Meeting?” below. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
• | Proposal 1: “FOR” the election of Gregory B. Brown, M.D., John S. Cochran and Abigail L. Jenkins as Class II members of the Board. |
• | Proposal 2: “FOR” the approval of the compensation of our named executive officers. |
• | Proposal 3: “FOR” ratification of KPMG LLP as Aquestive’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2026. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Name | Age | Position | Class | ||||||
Daniel Barber | 50 | President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director | I | ||||||
Gregory B. Brown, M.D. | 72 | Chair of the Board | II | ||||||
John S. Cochran | 60 | Vice Chair of the Board | II | ||||||
Abigail L. Jenkins | 50 | Director | II | ||||||
Julie Krop, M.D. | 59 | Director | III | ||||||
Timothy E. Morris | 64 | Director | I | ||||||
Marco Taglietti, M.D. | 66 | Director | III | ||||||
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Annual Service Retainer | Chair Additional Retainer | |||||
Board of Directors | $50,000 | $50,000 | ||||
Audit Committee | 10,000 | 20,000 | ||||
Compensation Committee | 8,750 | 17,500 | ||||
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee | 5,000 | 10,000 | ||||
Science and Technology Committee | 8,750 | 17,500 | ||||
Name | Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($) | Options Awards(1) ($) | All Other Compensation ($)(2) | Total ($) | ||||||||
Gregory B. Brown, M.D. | $127,500 | $143,220 | $3,921 | $274,641 | ||||||||
John S. Cochran | 91,250 | 143,220 | 6,449 | 240,919 | ||||||||
Abigail L. Jenkins | 55,000 | 143220 | 2,697 | 200,917 | ||||||||
Julie Krop, M.D. | 90,000 | 143,220 | — | 233,220 | ||||||||
Timothy E. Morris | 88,750 | 143,220 | 5,642 | 237,612 | ||||||||
Marco Taglietti, M.D. | 68,750 | 143,220 | 1,442 | 213,412 | ||||||||
(1) | Represents the aggregate grant date fair value of stock option awards computed in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718 (“FASB ASC 718”). A discussion of the assumptions used in calculating the fair value of such awards may be found in Note 20 to our 2025 audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 5, 2026. Amounts reflect a stock option grant awarded on June 11, 2025 with a grant date fair value of $3.41 per share. The grant date fair value of option awards is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. |
(2) | Represents reimbursable travel expense. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee | Compensation Committee | Audit Committee | Science & Technology Committee | |||||||||
Daniel Barber | ||||||||||||
Gregory B. Brown, M.D. | M | M | M | |||||||||
John S. Cochran | C | C | ||||||||||
Julie Krop, M.D | M | M | C | |||||||||
Abigail L. Jenkins | M | |||||||||||
Timothy E. Morris | M | C | ||||||||||
Marco Taglietti, M.D. | M | M | ||||||||||
Number of Meetings Held in 2025 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 4 | ||||||||
• | reviewing with management and the independent registered public accounting firm the Company’s annual audited financial statements, quarterly financial statements and significant financial reporting issues in connection with the preparation of the Company’s annual and quarterly financial statements; |
• | oversight of financial reporting and financial disclosure; |
• | reviewing the Company’s major risk exposures including financial- and cybersecurity-related risks, and the steps management has taken to monitor and control such exposures; |
• | retention and oversight of the independent registered public accounting firm; |
• | pre-approving all audit services and permitted non-audit services to be performed for the Company by its independent registered public accounting firm, subject to the de minimis exception for permitted non-audit services; |
• | establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of any complaints received by the Company regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or audit matters, including procedures for the confidential and anonymous treatment of submissions by colleagues of any such complaints; and |
• | reviewing, approving or ratifying all related person transactions in accordance with Company policy, applicable law and SEC and Nasdaq rules and regulations. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
• | obtaining the advice of any compensation consultant, legal counsel or other adviser to assist in carrying out its responsibilities and for conducting the related independence assessment; |
• | approving corporate goals and objectives relating to the compensation of the CEO and other executive officers, evaluating their performance, and making appropriate recommendations for any improvement in performance; |
• | determining and approving compensation levels of the CEO and other executive officers; |
• | reviewing compensation provided to our non-employee directors and recommending such compensation and any changes to the Board for approval; |
• | administering all equity compensation plans and recommending amendments to such plans to the Board for approval; |
• | administering all cash incentive compensation plans, employee stock purchase plans, bonus plans, any deferred compensation plans, any executive severance plans and other similar programs with respect to the participation of executive officers, and authorizing and approving amendments to such plans; and |
• | approving employment terms for executive officers, as well as any severance, change in control, indemnification, or other employment or compensation-related agreements or arrangements to be provided to executive officers. |
• | identifying and recommending to the Board individuals believed to be qualified to serve as Board members; |
• | recommending to the Board directors to serve as members and chairs of each standing committee and any appropriate changes to the responsibilities, size and membership of such committees; |
• | determining, on an annual basis, the members of the Board who meet the applicable independence requirements established by the SEC and Nasdaq; |
• | considering questions of possible conflicts of interest of directors; |
• | generally reviewing with the Company’s Chief Legal Officer and as applicable other appropriate legal personnel particular legal matters and compliance with the Code of Ethics; |
• | reviewing our Corporate Governance Guidelines and our Code of Ethics on an annual basis and recommending amendments when appropriate; |
• | overseeing corporate sustainability matters; |
• | periodically reviewing management succession plans and related procedures, including for the CEO; and |
• | overseeing the annual self-evaluation of the Board and committees. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
• | assist the Company with scientific activities related to its major development programs; |
• | review and advise the Company on the scientific strategy of the Company, including periodic reviews of the Company’s major clinical programs and its overall competitiveness; |
• | periodically review the Company’s oversight of risk management in the area of human studies, the Company’s policies and procedures related to the conduct of human studies and the use and publication of data derived from such studies; and |
• | periodically review with management the composition of the Company’s Scientific Advisory Board (“SAB”) and participate when appropriate in SAB meetings or other interactions with SAB members. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Name | Position(s) | |||||
Daniel Barber | 50 | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director | ||||
Peter Boyd | 60 | Chief People Officer | ||||
Melina T. Cioffi, Pharm.D. | 43 | Senior Vice President - Regulatory Affairs | ||||
Matthew W. Davis M.D., RPh | 60 | Chief Development Officer | ||||
Matthew Greenhawt, M.D. | 52 | Chief Medical Officer | ||||
Cassie Jung | 47 | Chief Operating Officer | ||||
Sherry Korczynski | 56 | Chief Commercial Officer | ||||
A. Ernest Toth, Jr. | 67 | Chief Financial Officer | ||||
Thomas A. Zalewski | 54 | Chief Legal Officer and Chief Compliance Officer | ||||
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Name: | Title | ||
Daniel Barber | President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
Lori J. Braender | Corporate Secretary, Former Chief Legal Officer and Chief Compliance Officer* | ||
A. Ernest Toth, Jr. | Chief Financial Officer | ||
* | Ms. Braender ceased serving as our Chief Legal Officer and Chief Compliance Officer effective April 2, 2026. She continues to serve as the Company’s Corporate Secretary. |
• | Attract, retain and motivate superior executive talent |
• | Provide incentives that award the achievement of performance goals that directly correlate to the enhancement of stockholder value, as well as to facilitate executive retention |
• | Align executive interests with those of stockholders through short-term and long-term incentives linked to performance |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Base Salary | |||
Daniel Barber | $659,885 | ||
Lori J. Braender | $457,962 | ||
A. Ernest Toth, Jr | $442,599 | ||
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Performance Price* | Vesting Percentage | Vesting Level | ||||
$6.00 | 50% | Threshold | ||||
$7.00 | 100% | Target | ||||
$8.00 | 150% | Maximum | ||||
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Name& Principal Position | Year | Salary ($) | Stock Awards ($)(1) | Option Awards ($)(1) | Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($)(2) | All Other Compensation ($)(3) | Total ($) | ||||||||||||||
Daniel Barber President and Chief Executive Officer | 2025 | 659,885 | 1,547,342 | 877,200 | 409,132 | — | 3,493,559 | ||||||||||||||
2024 | 633,376 | 1,377,968 | 1,706,036 | 435,600 | 28,492 | 4,181,472 | |||||||||||||||
Lori J. Braender Corporate Secretary, Former Chief Legal Officer and Chief Compliance Officer* | 2025 | 457,962 | 524,150 | 129,000 | 237,126 | — | 1,348,238 | ||||||||||||||
2024 | 439,449 | 766,800 | 316,454 | 263,942 | 29,427 | 1,816,072 | |||||||||||||||
A. Ernest Toth, Jr. Chief Financial Officer** | 2025 | 442,599 | 524,150 | 129,000 | 227,798 | — | 1,323,547 | ||||||||||||||
* | Ms. Braender ceased serving as our Chief Legal Officer and Chief Compliance Officer effective April 2, 2026. She continues to serve as the Company’s Corporate Secretary. |
** | Mr. Toth was not an NEO in 2024. |
(1) | Represents the aggregate grant date fair value of equity awards computed in accordance with FASB ASC 718. A discussion of the assumptions used in calculating the fair value of such awards may be found in Note 20 to our 2025 audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 5, 2026. |
(2) | Represents annual incentive compensation for 2025 and, as applicable, 2024, paid in the first quarter of the following year. |
(3) | For 2025, this column includes the following: |
Mr. Barber ($) | Ms. Braender ($) | Mr. Toth ($) | |||||||
401(k) Company Match | $21,000 | $21,000 | $21,000 | ||||||
Disability insurance premiums | 1,062 | 1,062 | 1,062 | ||||||
Life insurance premiums | 1,125 | 938 | 1,125 | ||||||
Severance | — | — | — | ||||||
Total | $23,187 | $23,000 | $23,187 | ||||||
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Option Awards | Stock Awards | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) | Option Exercise Price ($) | Option Expiration Date | Number of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested (#) | Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested ($) | Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Unearned Shares or Units That Have Not Vested (#) | Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Unearned Shares or Units That Have Not Vested ($) | ||||||||||||||||||
Exercisable | Un-exercisable | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Mr. Barber | 25,997 | —(1) | $6.54 | 4/18/2028 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
96,507 | —(2) | $15.00 | 7/24/2028 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
70,000 | —(3) | $8.05 | 2/28/2029 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
50,000 | —(4) | $4.83 | 5/9/2029 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
110,000 | —(5) | $1.54 | 3/16/2030 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
100,000 | —(6) | $5.30 | 3/11/2031 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
225,000 | —(8) | $2.55 | 3/10/2032 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
100,000 | —(9) | $0.88 | 8/5/2032 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
90,975 | 272,925(11) | $5.68 | 3/7/2034 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
— | 408,000(12) | $2.65 | 3/7/2035 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
— | — | $— | — | 223,500(13) | $181,035 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
— | — | $— | — | 181,950(14) | $1,033,476 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
— | — | $— | — | 293,100(15) | $826,542 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
— | — | $— | — | — | $— | 223,500(16) | $545,340 | |||||||||||||||||
— | — | $— | — | — | $— | 223,500(17) | $525,225 | |||||||||||||||||
— | — | $— | 0 | — | $— | 293,100(18) | $826,542 | |||||||||||||||||
Ms. Braender | 85,000 | —(9) | $18.67 | 9/10/2028 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
100,000 | —(3) | $8.05 | 2/28/2029 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
60,000 | —(5) | $1.54 | 3/16/2030 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
75,000 | —(6) | $5.30 | 3/11/2031 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
160,000 | —(8) | $2.55 | 3/10/2032 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
40,000 | —(10) | $0.88 | 11/4/2032 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
16,875 | 50,625(11) | $5.68 | 3/7/2034 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
— | 60,000(12) | $2.65 | 3/7/2035 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
— | — | $— | — | 75,000(13) | $60,750 | — | $— | |||||||||||||||||
— | — | $— | — | 101,250(14) | $575,100 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
— | — | $— | — | 110,000(15) | $291,500 | — | $— | |||||||||||||||||
— | — | $— | — | — | $— | 75,000(16) | $183,000 | |||||||||||||||||
— | — | $— | — | — | $— | 75,000(17) | $176,250 | |||||||||||||||||
— | — | $— | — | — | $— | 82,500(18) | $232,650 | |||||||||||||||||
Mr. Toth | 2,500 | —(6) | $5.30 | 3/11/2031 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
120,000 | —(7) | $4.04 | 6/15/2031 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
70,000 | —(8) | $2.55 | 3/10/2032 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
40,000 | —(10) | $0.88 | 11/4/2032 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
15,000 | 45,000(11) | $5.68 | 3/7/2034 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
— | 60,000(12) | $2.65 | 3/7/2035 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
— | — | $— | — | 70,000(13) | $56,700 | — | $— | |||||||||||||||||
— | — | $— | — | 90,000(14) | $511,200 | — | $— | |||||||||||||||||
— | — | $— | — | 110,000(15) | $291,500 | — | $— | |||||||||||||||||
— | — | $— | — | — | $— | 70,000(16) | $170,800 | |||||||||||||||||
— | — | $— | — | — | $— | 70,000(17) | $164,500 | |||||||||||||||||
— | — | $— | — | — | $— | 82,500(18) | $232,650 | |||||||||||||||||
(1) | Options granted on April 18, 2018. These options vested as follows: 25% on each of the first and second anniversaries of the grant date and 50% on the third anniversary of the grant date. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(2) | Options granted on July 24, 2018. These options vested as follows: 25% on each of the first and second anniversaries of the grant date and 50% on the third anniversary of the grant date. |
(3) | Options granted on February 28, 2019. These options vested as follows: 25% on each of the first and second anniversaries of the grant date and 50% on the third anniversary of the grant date. |
(4) | Options granted on May 9, 2019. These options vested as follows: 25% on each of the first and second anniversaries of the grant date and 50% on the third anniversary of the grant date. |
(5) | Options granted on March 16, 2020. These options vested as follows: 25% on each of the first and second anniversaries of the grant date and 50% on the third anniversary of the grant date. |
(6) | Options granted on March 11, 2021. These options vested as follows: 25% on each of the first and second anniversaries of the grant date and 50% on the third anniversary of the grant date. |
(7) | Options granted on June 15, 2021. These options vested as follows: 25% on each of the first and second anniversaries of the grant date and 50% on the third anniversary of the grant date. |
(8) | Options granted on March 10, 2022. These options vested as follows: 25% on each of the first and second anniversaries of the grant date and 50% on the third anniversary of the grant date. |
(9) | Options granted on August 5, 2022. These options vested as follows: 25% on each of the first and second anniversaries of the grant date and 50% on the third anniversary of the grant date. |
(10) | Options granted on November 4, 2022. These options vested as follows: 25% on each of the first and second anniversaries of the grant date and 50% on the third anniversary of the grant date. |
(11) | Options granted on March 7, 2024. These options vest as follows: 25% on each of the first and second anniversaries of the grant date and 50% on the third anniversary of the grant date. |
(12) | Options granted on March 7, 2025. These options vest as follows: 25% on each of the first and second anniversaries of the grant date and 50% on the third anniversary of the grant date. |
(13) | Service-based RSUs granted on March 9, 2023. These RSUs vest as follows: 25% on each of the first and second anniversaries of the grant date and 50% on the third anniversary of the grant date. |
(14) | Service-based RSUs granted on March 7, 2024. These RSUs vest as follows: 25% on each of the first and second anniversaries of the grant date and 50% on the third anniversary of the grant date. |
(15) | Service-based RSUs granted on March 7, 2025. These RSUs vest as follows: 25% on each of the first and second anniversaries of the grant date and 50% on the third anniversary of the grant date. |
(16) | Market condition vesting-based RSUs granted on May 5, 2023 (“First Tranche”). These RSUs vest based on a Performance Price measured as the 30-day average of the closing prices of the Company’s common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Stock Market immediately prior to and including the last calendar day of the three-year performance period (which ends on the third anniversary of the grant date or May 5, 2026). |
(17) | Market condition RSUs granted on August 9, 2023. These RSUs vest based on a Performance Price measured as the 30-day average of the closing prices of the Company’s common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Stock Market immediately prior to and including the last calendar day of the three-year performance period of the First Tranche or May 5, 2026. |
(18) | Market condition RSUs granted on March 7, 2025. These RSUs vest based on a Performance Price measured as, with respect to the First Pricing Period (as defined above), the 30-day average of the closing prices of the Company’s common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Stock Market immediately prior to and including the last calendar day of the First Pricing Period, and with respect to the Second Pricing Period (as defined above), the highest 30-day average of the closing prices of the Company’s common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Stock Market during the Second Pricing Period (prorated for any period of less than 30 days upon expiration of the Second Pricing Period). |
Plan Category | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights(1) (a) | Weighted- average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights(2) (b) | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (c) | ||||||
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | 10,969,755 | $5.59 | 3,440,606(3) | ||||||
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | — | — | 900,000 | ||||||
Total | 10,969,755 | $5.59 | 4,340,606 | ||||||
(1) | Includes 4,411,776 RSUs and 6,557,979 stock options outstanding under our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan as of December 31, 2025. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(2) | The weighted-average exercise price is calculated based solely on the exercise prices of outstanding stock options. It does not reflect the shares of our common stock that will be issued upon the vesting of outstanding awards of RSUs or performance stock options, or PSUs, which have no exercise price. |
(3) | Includes 3,132,761 shares remaining available for issuance under our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan and 307,845 shares remaining available for issuance under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan as of December 31, 2025. The 2018 Equity Incentive Plan and Employee Stock Purchase Plan each have an evergreen provision whereby, unless the Board determines otherwise, the share reserve is increased automatically by a specified percentage or number of shares on January 1 of each year. The Board determined that effective as of January 1, 2026 the number of shares of common stock available for award to eligible participants under the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan would be increased by 4% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding at December 31, 2025, or 4,881,772 shares. The Board determined not to increase the number of shares of common stock available for purchase to eligible participants under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan for the 2026 fiscal year. The amount attributable to the evergreen increase under the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan is not reflected in the table above. |
• | “Cause” means, generally, conviction or plea of nolo contendere to a felony; commission of fraud or material act of dishonesty with respect to the Company or its colleagues, customers or affiliates; willful and repeated failure to carry out material responsibilities of employment; material misconduct or similar behavior; a material violation of Company policy; or material breach of the executive’s obligations under his employment agreement. |
• | “Change in Control” means generally any person or group becomes the beneficial owner of 40% or more of the Company’s outstanding voting securities; completion of a merger, consolidation or reorganization of the Company unless the stockholders before such transaction own at least a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the outstanding securities or at least a majority of the fair market value of the successor company; or a sale, transfer, liquidation or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets. |
• | “Change in Control Period” means generally the period beginning 180 days before and ending 12 months following the effective date of a Change in Control. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
• | “Good Reason” means generally a material diminution in the executive’s position or duties; a material breach by the Company of the executive’s employment agreement, including any reduction of base salary or target bonus percentage; or relocation of more than 50 miles from the Company’s headquarters. |
• | “Permanent Disability” means generally the executive’s inability to perform the essential functions of his job with or without reasonable accommodation for a period of 150 consecutive days or an aggregate of 180 days in any twelve (12) month period due to illness, accident or other physical or mental incapacity, as determined by a duly licensed physician. |
• | “Severance Period” means generally 12 months following termination of employment. |
• | any accrued and unused vacation pay for the year in which employment terminates; |
• | a pro-rata portion of his target annual bonus for the year in which employment terminates, pro-rated for the number of days he was employed during the year prior to termination; |
• | accelerated vesting of outstanding equity awards subject to time-based vesting as if he had continued being employed through the end of the year in which employment terminates, or, in the case of awards subject to “cliff vesting,” pro-rata accelerated vesting based on the percentage of the vesting period that had elapsed as of the termination date (and stock options and stock appreciation rights will remain exercisable for one year following termination, subject to any earlier expiration date); and |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
• | pro-rata accelerated vesting of outstanding equity awards which are subject to “performance-based” vesting conditions or a performance period which ends at or after the time of termination, with performance goals assumed to have been achieved at “target” and with pro-ration based on the percentage of the performance period that had elapsed as of the termination date. |
• | any accrued and unused vacation pay for the year in which employment terminated; |
• | a pro-rata portion of his target annual bonus for the year in which employment terminates, pro-rated for the number of days he was employed during the year prior to termination; |
• | monthly payments during his Severance Period (as defined above), with each monthly payment equal to 1/12th of the sum of his annual base salary and target annual bonus; |
• | continuing coverage during his Severance Period (as defined above) under our group health and life insurance plans in which he was a participant prior to termination (or if such coverage is not permitted by law or the applicable plan, the cash equivalent); and |
• | immediate vesting of all unvested equity awards (and stock options and stock appreciation rights will remain exercisable for one year following termination, subject to any earlier expiration date), with unvested equity awards subject to “performance-based” vesting conditions or a performance period that ends at or after the date of employment termination deemed achieved at “target.” |
• | any accrued and unused vacation pay for the year in which employment terminated; |
• | a pro-rata portion of his target annual bonus for the year in which employment terminated, pro-rated for the number of days he was employed during the year prior to termination; |
• | an immediate lump sum cash payment of an amount equal to 1.5 times (for Mr. Barber) or 1.0 times (for Mr. Toth) the sum of base salary and target annual bonus; |
• | continuing coverage under our group health and life insurance plans in which he was a participant for 18 months (for Mr. Barber) or 12 months (for Mr. Toth) following termination of employment (or if such coverage is not permitted by law or the applicable plan, the cash equivalent); and |
• | immediate vesting of all unvested equity awards (and stock options and stock appreciation rights will remain exercisable for one year following termination, subject to any earlier expiration date), with unvested equity awards subject to “performance-based” vesting conditions or a performance period that ends at or after the date of employment termination deemed achieved at “target.” |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Year | Summary Compensation Table Total for PEO1 ($) | Compensation Actually Paid to PEO1,2,3 ($) | Average Summary Compensation Table Total for Non-PEO NEOs1 ($) | Average Compensation Actually Paid to Non-PEO NEOs1,2,3 ($) | Value of Initial Fixed $100 Investment based on:4 | Net Income ($ Thousands) | ||||||||||||
TSR ($) | ||||||||||||||||||
2025 | ( | |||||||||||||||||
2024 | ( | |||||||||||||||||
2023 | ( | |||||||||||||||||
1. |
2023 | 2024 | 2025 | ||||
Lori J. Braender | Lori J. Braender | Lori J. Braender | ||||
A. Ernest Toth, Jr. | A. Mark Schobel | A. Ernest Toth, Jr. | ||||
2. | The amounts shown for Compensation Actually Paid have been calculated in accordance with Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K and do not reflect compensation actually earned, realized, or received by the Company’s NEOs. These amounts reflect the Summary Compensation Table Total with certain adjustments as described in footnote 3 below. |
3. | Compensation Actually Paid reflects the exclusions and inclusions of certain amounts for the PEO and the Non-PEO NEOs as set forth below. Equity values are calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. Amounts in the Exclusion of Stock and Option Awards column are the totals from the Stock Awards and Option Awards columns set forth in the Summary Compensation Table. |
4. | The comparison assumes $100 was invested for the period starting December 31, 2022, through the end of the listed year. Historical stock performance is not necessarily indicative of future stock performance. |
Year | Summary Compensation Table Total for PEO 1 ($) | Exclusion of Stock and Option Awards for PEO ($) | Inclusion of Equity Values for PEO ($) | Compensation Actually Paid to PEO ($) | ||||||||
2025 | ( | |||||||||||
Year | Average Summary Compensation Table Total for Non-PEO NEOs ($) | Average Exclusion of Stock and Option Awards for Non-PEO NEOs ($) | Average Inclusion of Equity Values for Non-PEO NEOs ($) | Average Compensation Actually Paid to Non-PEO NEOs ($) | ||||||||
2025 | ( | |||||||||||
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Year | Year-End Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted During Year That Remained Unvested as of Last Day of Year for PEO ($) | Change in Fair Value from Last Day of Prior Year to Last Day of Year of Unvested Equity Awards for PEO ($) | Vesting- Date Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted During Year that Vested During Year for PEO ($) | Change in Fair Value from Last Day of Prior Year to Vesting Date of Unvested Equity Awards that Vested During Year for PEO ($) | Fair Value at Last Day of Prior Year of Equity Awards Forfeited During Year for PEO ($) | Value of Dividends or Other Earnings Paid on Equity Awards Not Otherwise Included for PEO ($) | Total- Inclusion of Equity Values for PEO ($) | ||||||||||||||
2025 | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
Year | Average Year-End Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted During Year That Remained Unvested as of Last Day of Year for Non-PEO NEOs ($) | Average Change in Fair Value from Last Day of Prior Year to Last Day of Year of Unvested Equity Awards for Non-PEO NEOs ($) | Average Vesting- Date Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted During Year that Vested During Year for Non-PEO NEOs ($) | Average Change in Fair Value from Last Day of Prior Year to Vesting Date of Unvested Equity Awards that Vested During Year for Non- PEO NEOs ($) | Average Fair Value at Last Day of Prior Year of Equity Awards Forfeited During Year for Non- PEO NEOs ($) | Average Value of Dividends or Other Earnings Paid on Equity Awards Not Otherwise Included for Non-PEO NEOs ($) | Total- Average Inclusion of Equity Values for Non-PEO NEOs ($) | ||||||||||||||
2025 | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
TABLE OF CONTENTS


TABLE OF CONTENTS
Fee Category | 2025 | 2024 | ||||
Audit Fees | $1,128,000 | $1,225,000 | ||||
Audit-Related Fees | — | — | ||||
Tax Fees | — | — | ||||
All Other Fees | — | — | ||||
Total | $1,128,000 | $1,225,000 | ||||
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner | Number of Shares Beneficially Owned | Percentage of Shares Beneficially Owned | ||||
5% Stockholders: | ||||||
MonoLine RX II, L.P.(1) | 3,468,747 | 2.79% | ||||
MonoLine RX III, L.P.(1) | 2,657,943 | 2.14% | ||||
MonoLine Rx, L.P.(1) | 1,688,639 | 1.36% | ||||
MonoLine Partners, L.P.(1) | 1,783,578 | 1.44% | ||||
MonoSol Rx Genpar, L.P.(1) | 47,051 | 0.04% | ||||
Douglas K. Bratton(2) | 9,858,384 | 7.93% | ||||
BlackRock, Inc.(3) | 6,426,343 | 5.17% | ||||
RTW Investments, LP(4) | 6,250,000 | 5.03% | ||||
Directors and Named Executive Officers:† (5) | ||||||
Daniel Barber | 3,068,727 | 2.47% | ||||
Lori J. Braender | 1,297,992 | 1.04% | ||||
A. Ernest Toth Jr. | 934,366 | * | ||||
Gregory B. Brown, M.D. | 237,135 | * | ||||
John S. Cochran | 261,536 | * | ||||
Julie Krop, M.D. | 136,500 | * | ||||
Abigail L. Jenkins | 19,000 | * | ||||
Timothy E. Morris | 91,500 | * | ||||
Marco Taglietti, M.D. | 136,500 | * | ||||
All executive officers and directors as a group (15 persons) | 8,469,495 | 6.81% | ||||
* | Represents beneficial ownership of less than 1%. |
† | None of the shares are pledged as security. |
(1) | As reported in Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC dated February 13, 2025 by MonoLine Rx II, L.P., MonoLine Rx III, L.P., MRX Partners, LLC, MonoLine Rx, L.P., MonoLine Partners, L.P. and MonoSol Rx Genpar, L.P. (collectively, the “MonoSol Entities”) and Douglas K. Bratton. As described in the above Schedule 13G/A, Bratton Capital Management L.P. (“Bratton Capital Management”) is the general partner or manager of each of the MonoSol Entities, except for MonoSol Rx Genpar, L.P., the general partner of which is Bratton Capital Inc., which, in turn, is the general partner of Bratton Capital Management. Douglas K. Bratton is the sole director and President of Bratton Capital Inc. The MonoSol Entities are each ultimately controlled by Mr. Bratton, who has voting and investment power over all shares held by the Monosol Entities. Bratton Capital Management, Bratton Capital Inc., and Mr. Bratton may each be deemed to beneficially own all shares held of record by the MonoSol Entities. Each such entity and Mr. Bratton disclaim beneficial ownership of the reported securities except to the extent of its or his respective pecuniary interest therein. The principal business address for the MonoSol Entities and Mr. Bratton is 201 Main Street, Suite 2100, Fort Worth, Texas 76102. |
(2) | Includes 1,688,639 shares of common stock owned of record by MonoLine Rx, L.P., 3,468,747 shares of common stock owned of record by MonoLine Rx II, L.P., 2,657,943 shares of common stock owned of record by MonoLine Rx III, L.P., 1,783,578 shares of common stock owned by Monoline Partners, L.P. and 47,051 shares of common stock owned by Monoline RX GenPar L.P. The |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(3) | Based solely upon a Schedule 13G/A filed on October 17, 2025. Represents shares of common stock held by Blackrock, Inc. (“BlackRock”). BlackRock has sole voting power over 6,290,838 shares, shared voting power over no shares, sole dispositive power over 6,426,343 shares, and shared dispositive power over no shares. The address of BlackRock is 50 Hudson Yards, New York, NY 10001. |
(4) | Based solely on a Schedule 13G filed on November 14, 2025 by RTW Investments, LP (“RTW Investments”) and Roderick Wong. As described in the above Schedule 13G, RTW Investments is the investment adviser to certain funds (the “RTW Funds”) with respect to shares of common stock directly held by the RTW Funds. Dr. Wong is the Managing Partner and Chief Investment Officer of RTW Investments with respect to the shares of common stock directly held by the RTW Funds. RTW Investments and Dr. Wong have sole voting power over no shares, shared voting power over 6,250,000 shares, sole dispositive power over no shares and shared dispositive power over 6,250,000 shares. |
(5) | Amounts reported for our directors and executive officers include the following number of securities with respect to which the individual has the right to acquire beneficial ownership as of April 2, 2026 or within 60 days thereafter: Mr. Barber, 1,061,454; Ms. Braender, 568,750; Dr. Brown, 162,050; Mr. Cochran, 162,050; Dr. Krop, 136,500; Mr. Morris, 91,500; Dr. Taglietti, 136,500; Mr. Toth, 277,500; and all directors and executive officers as a group, 3,066,347. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
• | the risks, costs and benefits to us; |
• | the impact on a director’s independence in the event the related person is a director, immediate family member of a director or an entity with which a director is affiliated; |
• | the terms of the transaction; |
• | the availability of other sources for comparable services or products, if applicable; and |
• | the terms available to or from, as the case may be, unrelated third parties or to or from our colleagues generally. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS


