Cincinnati Financial (CINF) lifts Q2 net income 83% on strong investment gains
Cincinnati Financial Corporation reported strong results for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2026. Total revenues rose to $4,274 million for the quarter and $7,137 million year-to-date, increases of 32% and 23%, driven by higher earned premiums, investment income and net investment gains.
Net income grew to $1,255 million for the quarter (up 83%) and $1,529 million for the first six months (up 157%). Diluted EPS reached $8.05 for the quarter and $9.78 year-to-date. Property‑casualty underwriting produced a small quarterly loss with a combined ratio of 100.8%, but a year‑to‑date underwriting profit and combined ratio of 98.2%, helped by lower catastrophe losses versus 2025. Investment results were very strong, with net investment gains of $1,308 million in the quarter and $1,238 million year‑to‑date, and pretax investment income up 13% for the first half.
Book value per share increased to $108.64 from $102.35 at year‑end 2025, and the value creation ratio reached 8.0% for the first six months. The company generated $1,356 million of operating cash flow, maintained a low debt‑to‑total‑capital ratio of 4.6%, increased the dividend 8%, and continued share repurchases.
Positive
- Year-to-date net income rose 157% to $1,529 million, lifting book value per share 6% to $108.64 and driving a value creation ratio of 8.0% for the first six months of 2026.
Negative
- None.
Filing Explained
Repurchases lowered outstanding shares by the June 30 balance-sheet date, while the company’s large claims reserves remain subject to estimation uncertainty.
This Form 10-Q is an unaudited quarterly report covering the period ended
The filing reports 198.3 million issued shares at both dates, while treasury stock increased during the period; the disclosed share-count change therefore comes from shares acquired, not a reported new issuance. The supplied dilution definition addresses the opposite mechanism: issuing additional shares increases total share count and reduces an existing holder’s percentage ownership.
At
The filing identifies these reserves as its most significant estimate because the amount ultimately paid for claims can differ materially from the recorded estimate, making the reserve balance and its future development the specific uncertainty to monitor.
Key Figures
Total revenues Q2 2026: $4,274 million
Net income Q2 2026: $1,255 million
Net income H1 2026: $1,529 million
+5 more
8 metrics
Total revenues Q2 2026
$4,274 million
Three months ended June 30, 2026 consolidated revenues
Net income Q2 2026
$1,255 million
Three months ended June 30, 2026 net income, up 83% year over year
Net income H1 2026
$1,529 million
Six months ended June 30, 2026 net income, up 157% year over year
Combined ratio H1 2026
98.2%
Consolidated property casualty GAAP combined ratio for first six months of 2026
Current accident year catastrophe losses H1 2026
$650 million
Property casualty current accident year catastrophe losses, six months ended June 30, 2026
Book value per share
$108.64
Book value per share at June 30, 2026
Operating cash flow H1 2026
$1,356 million
Net cash provided by operating activities, six months ended June 30, 2026
Debt-to-total-capital ratio
4.6%
Leverage ratio at June 30, 2026
Key Terms
combined ratio, incurred but not reported (IBNR), value creation ratio, no-lapse guarantee, +1 more
5 terms
combined ratio financial
"our GAAP combined ratio was 98.2%"
The combined ratio is a way insurance companies measure how well they are doing by adding up all their costs and claims and comparing them to the money they earn from premiums. If the ratio is below 100%, it means the company is making a profit; if it's above 100%, they are losing money. It helps see if an insurance company is financially healthy or not.
incurred but not reported (IBNR) financial
"higher incurred but not reported (IBNR) loss and loss expenses"
value creation ratio financial
"our value creation ratio is our primary performance metric"
A value creation ratio is a simple measure that compares the economic benefit a business generates to the resources or capital used to create it, showing how efficiently management turns inputs into returns for shareholders. Investors use it like a fuel-efficiency gauge for a car: higher values mean the company generates more profit or market value per dollar invested, signaling stronger potential for sustainable returns and better allocation of capital.
no-lapse guarantee financial
"Some of our universal life policies contain no-lapse guarantee provisions"
statutory surplus financial
"ratio of property casualty net written premiums to statutory surplus"
Statutory surplus is the cushion an insurance company has after subtracting the amounts regulators say it must keep on hand to pay claims from the assets they allow for regulatory accounting. Think of it like a household emergency fund beyond the bills you’re legally required to pay; it shows extra financial strength. Investors watch it because a larger statutory surplus means a company is better able to absorb losses, support dividends or growth, and meet regulatory expectations.
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FAQ
How did Cincinnati Financial (CINF) perform financially in Q2 2026?
Cincinnati Financial reported Q2 2026 net income of $1,255 million, up 83% year over year, on total revenues of $4,274 million, which increased 32% driven by higher earned premiums, investment income and sizable net investment gains.
What were Cincinnati Financial (CINF)’s results for the first half of 2026?
For the first six months of 2026, Cincinnati Financial generated net income of $1,529 million, up 157%, on total revenues of $7,137 million, a 23% increase. Growth came from earned premiums, stronger investment income and higher net investment gains.
How did Cincinnati Financial (CINF)’s underwriting business perform in early 2026?
Property‑casualty operations posted a combined ratio of 98.2% for the first six months of 2026, versus 103.8% a year earlier, producing $97 million of underwriting profit, helped by lower catastrophe losses and continued favorable development on prior accident years.
What drove Cincinnati Financial (CINF)’s investment results in Q2 2026?
Q2 2026 pretax investment income rose to $319 million, while net investment gains reached $1,308 million, up from $473 million in 2025. Gains were largely from equity securities, where unrealized gains on securities still held contributed substantially to results.
How strong is Cincinnati Financial (CINF)’s balance sheet at June 30, 2026?
At June 30, 2026, Cincinnati Financial reported total assets of $43,231 million, shareholders’ equity of $16,671 million, book value per share of $108.64, and a low debt‑to‑total‑capital ratio of 4.6%, reflecting conservative leverage and solid capitalization.
What were Cincinnati Financial (CINF)’s premium trends in the first half of 2026?
Consolidated property‑casualty earned premiums increased 9% to $5,067 million for the first six months of 2026. Net written premiums reached $5,493 million, up from $5,228 million, supported by growth across commercial, personal, and excess and surplus lines.
How did dividends and share repurchases affect Cincinnati Financial (CINF) shareholders?
Cincinnati Financial declared cash dividends of $1.88 per share for the first half of 2026, up 8% year over year, and increased treasury stock to 44.9 million shares, reflecting ongoing share repurchases that, together with earnings, contributed to higher book value per share.
Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark one)
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2026 .
For the transition period from _____________________ to _____________________.
Commission file number 0-4604
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||||||||||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip code) | |||||||||||||||||||
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (513 ) 870-2000
N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
☑Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
☑Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definition of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
☑ Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Nonaccelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act):
As of July 22, 2026, there were 153,478,045 shares of common stock outstanding.
Table of Contents
CINCINNATI FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED June 30, 2026
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part I – Financial Information | 3 | ||||
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited) | 3 | ||||
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 3 | ||||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income | 4 | ||||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 5 | ||||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity | 6 | ||||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 7 | ||||
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) | 8 | ||||
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 33 | ||||
Safe Harbor Statement | 33 | ||||
Corporate Financial Highlights | 36 | ||||
Financial Results | 44 | ||||
Liquidity and Capital Resources | 59 | ||||
Other Matters | 63 | ||||
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 63 | ||||
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 70 | ||||
Part II – Other Information | 71 | ||||
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 71 | ||||
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 71 | ||||
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 72 | ||||
Item 5. Other Information | 73 | ||||
Item 6. Exhibits | 74 | ||||
Cincinnati Financial Corporation Second-Quarter 2026 10-Q
Page 2
Table of Contents
Part I – Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)
Cincinnati Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
| (Dollars in millions, except per share data) | June 30, | December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||||||
| Investments | ||||||||||||||
Fixed maturities, at fair value (amortized cost: 2026—$ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Equity securities, at fair value (cost: 2026—$ | ||||||||||||||
Short-term investments, at fair value (amortized cost: 2026—$ | ||||||||||||||
| Other invested assets | ||||||||||||||
| Total investments | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | ||||||||||||||
| Investment income receivable | ||||||||||||||
| Finance receivable | ||||||||||||||
| Premiums receivable | ||||||||||||||
| Reinsurance recoverable | ||||||||||||||
| Prepaid reinsurance premiums | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred policy acquisition costs | ||||||||||||||
Land, building and equipment, net, for company use (accumulated depreciation: 2026—$ | ||||||||||||||
| Other assets | ||||||||||||||
| Separate accounts | ||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Insurance reserves | ||||||||||||||
| Loss and loss expense reserves | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Life policy and investment contract reserves | ||||||||||||||
| Unearned premiums | ||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred income tax | ||||||||||||||
| Note payable | ||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt and lease obligations | ||||||||||||||
| Separate accounts | ||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 12) | ||||||||||||||
| Shareholders' Equity | ||||||||||||||
Common stock, par value—$ shares; issued: 2026 and 2025— | ||||||||||||||
| Paid-in capital | ||||||||||||||
| Retained earnings | ||||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
Treasury stock at cost (2026— | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Total shareholders' equity | ||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders' equity | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Cincinnati Financial Corporation Second-Quarter 2026 10-Q
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Table of Contents
Cincinnati Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
| (Dollars in millions, except per share data) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earned premiums | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income, net of expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment gains and losses, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefits and Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Insurance losses and contract holders' benefits | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total benefits and expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income Before Income Taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for Income Taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total provision for income taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Income | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Per Common Share | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income — basic | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income — diluted | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Cincinnati Financial Corporation Second-Quarter 2026 10-Q
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Table of Contents
Cincinnati Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Income | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Comprehensive Income (loss) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in unrealized gains and losses on investments, net of tax (benefit) of $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of pension actuarial gain and prior service cost, net of tax (benefit) of $ | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in life policy reserves, reinsurance recoverable and other, net of tax (benefit) of $( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive Income | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Cincinnati Financial Corporation Second-Quarter 2026 10-Q
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Table of Contents
Cincinnati Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based awards | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| End of period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Paid-In Capital | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning of period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based awards | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| End of period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retained Earnings | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning of period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| End of period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning of period | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| End of period | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Treasury Stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning of period | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based awards | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares acquired - share repurchase authorization | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares acquired - share-based compensation plans | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| End of period | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Shareholders' Equity | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except per common share) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock - Shares Outstanding | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning of period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based awards | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares acquired - share repurchase authorization | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares acquired - share-based compensation plans | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| End of period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared per common share | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Cincinnati Financial Corporation Second-Quarter 2026 10-Q
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Cincinnati Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
| (Dollars in millions) | Six months ended June 30, | |||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||
| Cash Flows From Operating Activities | ||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation, amortization and other | ||||||||||||||
| Investment gains and losses, net | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Interest credited to contract holders | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred income tax expense | ||||||||||||||
| Changes in: | ||||||||||||||
| Premiums and reinsurance receivable | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Deferred policy acquisition costs | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Other assets | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Loss and loss expense reserves | ||||||||||||||
| Life policy and investment contract reserves | ||||||||||||||
| Unearned premiums | ||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Current income tax receivable/payable | ( | |||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | ||||||||||||||
| Cash Flows From Investing Activities | ||||||||||||||
| Sale, call or maturity of fixed maturities | ||||||||||||||
| Sale of equity securities | ||||||||||||||
| Purchase of fixed maturities | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Purchase of equity securities | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Change in short-term investments, net | ||||||||||||||
| Changes in finance receivables | ( | |||||||||||||
| Investment in building and equipment | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Change in other invested assets, net | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Cash Flows From Financing Activities | ||||||||||||||
| Payment of cash dividends to shareholders | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Shares acquired - share repurchase authorization | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
Changes in note payable | ( | |||||||||||||
| Proceeds from stock options exercised | ||||||||||||||
| Contract holders' funds deposited | ||||||||||||||
| Contract holders' funds withdrawn | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Other | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | ( | ( | ||||||||||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information: | ||||||||||||||
| Interest paid | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Income taxes paid | ||||||||||||||
| Noncash Activities | ||||||||||||||
| Equipment acquired under finance lease obligations | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | ||||||||||||||
| Other assets and other liabilities | ||||||||||||||
Accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Cincinnati Financial Corporation Second-Quarter 2026 10-Q
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 1 — Accounting Policies
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Cincinnati Financial Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries, each of which is wholly owned. These statements are presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Our actual results could differ from those estimates. Certain financial information that is normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP, but that is not required for interim reporting purposes, has been condensed or omitted.
Our June 30, 2026, condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited. We believe that we have made all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring accruals, that are necessary for fair presentation. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements included in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results of operations for interim periods do not necessarily indicate results to be expected for the full year.
Pending Accounting Updates
ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. ASU 2024-03 requires increased quantitative disclosure of certain categories of expenses contained within relevant expense captions. The effective date of ASU 2024-03 is for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The ASU should be applied prospectively with retrospective application and early adoption permitted. The ASU has not yet been adopted and will not have a material impact on our company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows, but the ASU will require additional disclosures in our annual and interim financial statements.
ASU 2025-06, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software
Cincinnati Financial Corporation Second-Quarter 2026 10-Q
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NOTE 2 – Investments
The following table provides amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value for our fixed-maturity and short-term investments:
| (Dollars in millions) | Amortized cost | Gross unrealized | Fair value | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2026 | gains | losses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed-maturity: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| States, municipalities and political subdivisions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Government-sponsored enterprises | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States government | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign government | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fixed-maturity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fixed-maturity and short-term investments | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| At December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed-maturity: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| States, municipalities and political subdivisions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Government-sponsored enterprises | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States government | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign government | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fixed-maturity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fixed-maturity and short-term investments | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
The increase in net unrealized investment losses in our fixed-maturity portfolio at June 30, 2026, is primarily due to an increase in U.S. Treasury yields partially offset by a slight tightening of corporate credit spreads. Our asset-backed securities had an average rating of Aa2/AA at both June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
Cincinnati Financial Corporation Second-Quarter 2026 10-Q
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The table below provides fair values and gross unrealized losses by investment category and by the duration of the continuous unrealized loss positions:
| (Dollars in millions) | Less than 12 months | 12 months or more | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2026 | Fair value | Unrealized losses | Fair value | Unrealized losses | Fair value | Unrealized losses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed-maturity: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| States, municipalities and political subdivisions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Government-sponsored enterprises | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States government | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign government | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fixed-maturity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fixed-maturity and short-term investments | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed-maturity: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| States, municipalities and political subdivisions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Government-sponsored enterprises | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States government | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fixed-maturity | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contractual maturity dates for our fixed-maturity and short-term investments were:
| (Dollars in millions) | Amortized cost | Fair value | % of fair value | |||||||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Maturity dates: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Due in one year or less | $ | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Due after one year through five years | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Due after five years through ten years | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Due after ten years | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||
Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities when there is a right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
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The following table provides investment income and investment gains and losses, net:
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less investment expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investment gains and losses, net: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment gains and losses on securities sold, net | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains and losses on securities still held, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed-maturity securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross realized gains | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross realized losses | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in allowance for credit losses, net | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
The fair value of our equity portfolio was $13.194 billion and $12.694 billion at June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, respectively. Apple Inc. (Nasdaq:AAPL), an equity holding, was our largest single investment holding with fair values of $1.004 billion and $958 million, which was 7.8 % and 7.7 % of our publicly traded common equities portfolio and 3.1 % and 3.1 % of the total investment portfolio at June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025.
The allowance for credit losses on fixed-maturity securities was $55 million and $54 million at June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, respectively. Reductions in the allowance for credit losses for securities sold were immaterial for the three months ended June 30, 2026. Reductions in the allowance for credit losses for securities sold were $1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026. Reductions in the allowance for credit losses for securities sold were $1
There were 2,880 and 2,597 fixed-maturity investments in a total unrealized loss position of $479 million and $397 million at June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, respectively. Of those totals, 14 and 13 fixed-maturity securities had fair values below 70
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NOTE 3 – Fair Value Measurements
In accordance with accounting guidance for fair value measurements and disclosures, we categorized our financial instruments, based on the priority of the observable and market-based data for the valuation technique used, into a three-level fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices with readily available independent data in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable market inputs (Level 3). When various inputs for measurement fall within different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the lowest observable input that has a significant impact on fair value measurement is used. Our valuation techniques have not changed from those used at December 31, 2025, and ultimately management determines fair value. See our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 8, Note 3, Fair Value Measurements, Page 134, for information on characteristics and valuation techniques used in determining fair value.
Fair Value Disclosures for Assets
The following tables illustrate the fair value hierarchy for those assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025. We do not have any liabilities carried at fair value.
| (Dollars in millions) | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed maturities, available for sale: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| States, municipalities and political subdivisions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Government-sponsored enterprises | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States government | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign government | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common equities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nonredeemable preferred equities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Separate accounts taxable fixed maturities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Top Hat savings plan mutual funds and common equity (included in Other assets) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| At December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed maturities, available for sale: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| States, municipalities and political subdivisions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Government-sponsored enterprises | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States government | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign government | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common equities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nonredeemable preferred equities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Separate accounts taxable fixed maturities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Top Hat savings plan mutual funds and common equity (included in Other assets) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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We also held Level 1 cash and cash equivalents of $1.750 billion and $1.431 billion at June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, respectively.
Fair Value Disclosures for Assets and Liabilities Not Carried at Fair Value
The disclosures below are presented to provide information about the effects of current market conditions on financial instruments that are not reported at fair value in our condensed consolidated financial statements.
This table summarizes the book value and principal amounts of our long-term debt:
| (Dollars in millions) | Book value | Principal amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate | Year of issue | June 30, | December 31, | June 30, | December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior debentures, due 2028 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior debentures, due 2028 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior notes, due 2034 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table shows fair values of our note payable and long-term debt:
| (Dollars in millions) | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note payable | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| At December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note payable | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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The following table shows the fair value of our life policy loans included in other invested assets and the fair values of our deferred annuities and structured settlements included in life policy and investment contract reserves:
| (Dollars in millions) | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Life policy loans | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred annuities | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Structured settlements | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| At December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Life policy loans | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred annuities | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Structured settlements | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding principal and interest for these life policy loans totaled $39 million and $38 million at June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, respectively.
Recorded reserves for the deferred annuities were $540 million and $554 million at June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, respectively. Recorded reserves for the structured settlements were $107 million and $111 million at June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, respectively.
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NOTE 4 – Property Casualty Loss and Loss Expenses
This table summarizes activity for our consolidated property casualty loss and loss expense reserves:
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross loss and loss expense reserves, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less reinsurance recoverable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss and loss expense reserves, beginning of period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net incurred loss and loss expenses related to: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior accident years | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total incurred | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net paid loss and loss expenses related to: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior accident years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total paid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss and loss expense reserves, end of period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plus reinsurance recoverable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross loss and loss expense reserves, end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
We use actuarial methods, models and judgment to estimate, as of a financial statement date, the property casualty loss and loss expense reserves required to pay for and settle all outstanding insured claims, including incurred but not reported (IBNR) claims, as of that date. The actuarial estimate is subject to review and adjustment by an inter-departmental committee that includes actuarial, claims, underwriting, loss prevention and accounting management. This committee is familiar with relevant company and industry business, claims and underwriting trends, as well as general economic and legal trends that could affect future loss and loss expense payments. The amount we will actually have to pay for claims can be highly uncertain. This uncertainty, together with the size of our reserves, makes the loss and loss expense reserves our most significant estimate. The reserve for loss and loss expenses in the condensed consolidated balance sheets also included $73 million and $71 million at June 30, 2026, and 2025, respectively, for certain life and health loss and loss expense reserves.
We experienced $42 million of favorable development on prior accident years, including $17 million of favorable development in commercial lines, $11 million of favorable development in personal lines and $6 million of favorable development in excess and surplus lines for the three months ended June 30, 2026. Within commercial lines, we recognized favorable reserve development of $19 million for the commercial property line and $15 million for the workers' compensation line due to reduced uncertainty of prior accident year loss and loss adjustment expense for these lines. This was partially offset by unfavorable reserve development of $14 million for the commercial casualty line.
We experienced $123 million of favorable development on prior accident years, including $70 million of favorable development in commercial lines, $18 million of favorable development in personal lines and $14 million of favorable development in excess and surplus lines for the six months ended June 30, 2026. Within commercial lines, we recognized favorable reserve development of $50 million for the commercial property line and $24 million for the workers' compensation line due to reduced uncertainty of prior accident year loss and loss adjustment expense for these lines. This was partially offset by unfavorable reserve development of $11 million for the commercial casualty line. Within personal lines, we recognized favorable reserve development of $19 million for the homeowner line.
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We experienced $63 million of favorable development on prior accident years, including $42 million of favorable development in commercial lines, $19 million of favorable development in personal lines and $5 million of favorable development in excess and surplus lines for the three months ended June 30, 2025. Within commercial lines, we recognized favorable reserve development of $40 million for the commercial property line and $17 million for the workers' compensation line due to reduced uncertainty of prior accident year loss and loss adjustment expense for these lines. This was partially offset by unfavorable reserve development of $18 million for the commercial auto line. Within personal lines, we recognized favorable reserve development of $25 million for the homeowner line.
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NOTE 5 – Life Policy and Investment Contract Reserves
We establish the reserves for traditional life policies including term, whole life and other products based on the present value of future benefits and claim expenses less the present value of future net premiums. Net premium is the portion of gross premium required to provide for all benefits and claim expenses. We estimate future benefits and claim expenses and net premium using certain cash flow assumptions including mortality, morbidity and lapse rates as well as a discount rate assumption. The cash flow assumptions are established based on our current expectations and are reviewed annually, typically in the second quarter, to determine any necessary updates. These assumptions are also updated on an interim basis if evidence suggests that they should be revised. We use both our own experience and industry experience, adjusted for historical trends, in arriving at our cash flow assumptions. The discount rate assumption is based on upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument yields (market value discount rates) and is updated quarterly. Changes in the inputs, judgments and assumptions during the period and the related measurement impact on the liability are reflected in the below tables.
We establish reserves for our universal life, deferred annuity and other investment contracts equal to the cumulative account balances, which include premium deposits plus credited interest less charges and withdrawals. Some of our universal life policies contain no-lapse guarantee provisions. For these policies, we establish a reserve in addition to the account balance, based on expected no-lapse guarantee benefits and expected policy assessments.
The following table summarizes our life policy and investment contract reserves and provides a reconciliation of the balances described in the below tables to those in the condensed consolidated balance sheets:
| (Dollars in millions) | June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||
| Life policy reserves: | ||||||||||||||
| Term | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Whole life | ||||||||||||||
| Other | ||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | ||||||||||||||
| Investment contract reserves: | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred annuities | ||||||||||||||
| Universal life | ||||||||||||||
| Structured settlements | ||||||||||||||
| Other | ||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | ||||||||||||||
| Total life policy and investment contract reserves | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
The balances and changes in the term and whole life policy reserves included in life policy and investment contract reserves are as follows:
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| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Term | Whole life | Term | Whole life | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Present value of expected net premiums: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance at original discount rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of actual variances from expected experience | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted beginning of period balance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuances | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest accrual | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net premiums collected | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance at original discount rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Present value of expected future policy benefits: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance at original discount rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of actual variances from expected experience | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted beginning of period balance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuances | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest accrual | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefits paid | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance at original discount rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net liability for future policy benefits: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Present value of expected future policy benefits less expected net premiums | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impact of flooring at cohort level | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net life policy reserves | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less reinsurance recoverable at original discount rate | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less effect of discount rate assumption changes on reinsurance recoverable | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net life policy reserves, after reinsurance recoverable | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average duration of the net life policy reserves in years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| (Dollars in millions) | Six months ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Term | Whole life | Term | Whole life | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Present value of expected net premiums: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance at original discount rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of actual variances from expected experience | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted beginning of period balance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuances | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest accrual | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net premiums collected | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance at original discount rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Present value of expected future policy benefits: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance at original discount rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of actual variances from expected experience | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted beginning of period balance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuances | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest accrual | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefits paid | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance at original discount rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net liability for future policy benefits: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Present value of expected future policy benefits less expected net premiums | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impact of flooring at cohort level | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net life policy reserves | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less reinsurance recoverable at original discount rate | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less effect of discount rate assumption changes on reinsurance recoverable | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net life policy reserves, after reinsurance recoverable | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average duration of the net life policy reserves in years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The total impact of flooring at cohort level in the above tables includes the effect of discount rate assumption changes of $1 million and $2 million at June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
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The following table shows the amount of undiscounted and discounted expected future benefit payments and expected gross premiums for our term and whole life policies:
| (Dollars in millions) | At June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Undiscounted | Discounted | Undiscounted | Discounted | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Term | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected future benefit payments | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected future gross premiums | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Whole life | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected future benefit payments | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected future gross premiums | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table shows the amount of revenue and interest recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of income related to our term and whole life policies:
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross premiums | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Term | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Whole life | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest accretion | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Term | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Whole life | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Adverse development that resulted in an immediate charge to income due to net premiums exceeding gross premiums was immaterial
The following table shows the weighted-average interest rate for our term and whole life products:
| At June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Term | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest accretion rate | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current discount rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Whole life | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest accretion rate | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current discount rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The discount rate assumption was developed by calculating forward rates from market yield curves of upper-medium grade fixed-income instruments.
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The following table shows the balances and changes in policyholders' account balances included in investment contract reserves:
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred annuity | Universal life | Deferred annuity | Universal life | Deferred annuity | Universal life | Deferred annuity | Universal life | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Premiums received | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Policy charges | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Surrenders and withdrawals | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit payments | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest credited | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average crediting rate | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net amount at risk | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash surrender value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The net amount at risk above represents the guaranteed benefit amount in excess of the current account balances.
The following table shows the balance of account values by range of guaranteed minimum crediting rates, in basis points, and the related range of the difference between rates being credited to policyholders and the respective guaranteed minimums for our deferred annuity and universal life contracts:
| (Dollars in millions) | At guaranteed minimum | 1 to 50 basis points above | 51-150 basis points above | Greater than 150 basis points | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred annuity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1.00-3.00% | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.01-4.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Universal life | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1.00-3.00% | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.01-4.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than 4.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred annuity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1.00-3.00% | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.01-4.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Universal life | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1.00-3.00% | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.01-4.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater than 4.00% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The following table shows the balances and changes in the other additional liability related to the no-lapse guarantees contained within our universal life contracts:
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period before shadow reserve adjustments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of actual variances from expected experience | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted beginning of period balance | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest accrual | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Excess death benefits | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Attributed assessments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of changes in interest rate assumptions | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period before shadow reserve adjustments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shadow reserve adjustments | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less reinsurance recoverable, end of period | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net other additional liability, after reinsurance recoverable | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average duration of the other additional liability in years | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table shows balances and changes in separate accounts liability balances during the period:
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest credited before policy charges | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit payments | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash surrender value | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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NOTE 6 – Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
Expenses directly related to successfully acquired insurance policies – primarily commissions, premium taxes and underwriting costs – are deferred and amortized over the terms of the policies. We update our acquisition cost assumptions periodically to reflect actual experience. For property casualty, we evaluate the costs for recoverability. No premium deficiencies were recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of income, as the sum of the anticipated loss and loss expenses, policyholder dividends and unamortized deferred acquisition expenses did not exceed the related unearned premiums and anticipated investment income.
The table below shows the deferred policy acquisition costs and asset reconciliation.
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Property casualty: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred policy acquisition costs asset, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Capitalized deferred policy acquisition costs | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized deferred policy acquisition costs | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred policy acquisition costs asset, end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Life: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred policy acquisition costs asset, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Capitalized deferred policy acquisition costs | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized deferred policy acquisition costs | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred policy acquisition costs asset, end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred policy acquisition costs asset, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Capitalized deferred policy acquisition costs | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized deferred policy acquisition costs | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred policy acquisition costs asset, end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
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The table below shows the life deferred policy acquisition costs asset by product:
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three months ended June 30, 2026 | Term | Whole life | Deferred annuity | Universal life | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capitalized deferred policy acquisition costs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized deferred policy acquisition costs | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three months ended June 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capitalized deferred policy acquisition costs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized deferred policy acquisition costs | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Six months ended June 30, 2026 | Term | Whole life | Deferred annuity | Universal life | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capitalized deferred policy acquisition costs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized deferred policy acquisition costs | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Six months ended June 30, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capitalized deferred policy acquisition costs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortized deferred policy acquisition costs | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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NOTE 7 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) includes changes in unrealized gains and losses on investments, changes in pension obligations and changes in life policy reserves, reinsurance recoverable and other as follows:
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Before tax | Income tax | Net | Before tax | Income tax | Net | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AOCI, beginning of period | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OCI before investment gains and losses, net, recognized in net income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment gains and losses, net, recognized in net income | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OCI | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AOCI, end of period | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pension obligations: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AOCI, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OCI excluding amortization recognized in net income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization recognized in net income | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OCI | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AOCI, end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Life policy reserves, reinsurance recoverable and other: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AOCI, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OCI before investment gains and losses, net, recognized in net income | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment gains and losses, net, recognized in net income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OCI | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AOCI, end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Summary of AOCI: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AOCI, beginning of period | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments OCI | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pension obligations OCI | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Life policy reserves, reinsurance recoverable and other OCI | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total OCI | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AOCI, end of period | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| (Dollars in millions) | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Before tax | Income tax | Net | Before tax | Income tax | Net | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AOCI, beginning of period | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OCI before investment gains and losses, net, recognized in net income | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment gains and losses, net, recognized in net income | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OCI | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AOCI, end of period | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pension obligations: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AOCI, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OCI excluding amortization recognized in net income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization recognized in net income | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OCI | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AOCI, end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Life policy reserves, reinsurance recoverable and other: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AOCI, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OCI before investment gains and losses, net, recognized in net income | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment gains and losses, net, recognized in net income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OCI | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AOCI, end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Summary of AOCI: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AOCI, beginning of period | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments OCI | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pension obligations OCI | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Life policy reserves, reinsurance recoverable and other OCI | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total OCI | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AOCI, end of period | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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NOTE 8 – Reinsurance
Primary components of our property casualty reinsurance assumed operations include involuntary and voluntary assumed as well as contracts from our reinsurance assumed operations, known as Cincinnati Re. Primary components of our ceded reinsurance include a property per risk treaty, property excess treaty, casualty per occurrence treaty, casualty excess treaty, property catastrophe treaties and catastrophe bonds and retrocessions on our reinsurance assumed operations. Management’s decisions about the appropriate level of risk retention are affected by various factors, including changes in our underwriting practices, capacity to retain risks and reinsurance market conditions.
The table below summarizes our consolidated property casualty insurance net written premiums, earned premiums and incurred loss and loss expenses:
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct written premiums | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assumed written premiums | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ceded written premiums | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net written premiums | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct earned premiums | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assumed earned premiums | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ceded earned premiums | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earned premiums | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct incurred loss and loss expenses | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assumed incurred loss and loss expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ceded incurred loss and loss expenses | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Incurred loss and loss expenses | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Our life insurance company purchases reinsurance for protection of a portion of the risks that are written. Primary components of our life reinsurance program include individual mortality coverage and accidental death coverage in excess of certain deductibles.
The table below summarizes our consolidated life insurance earned premiums and contract holders' benefits incurred:
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct earned premiums | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ceded earned premiums | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earned premiums | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct contract holders' benefits incurred | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ceded contract holders' benefits incurred | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contract holders' benefits incurred | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
The ceded benefits incurred can vary depending on the type of life insurance policy held and the year the policy was issued.
The allowance for uncollectible property casualty premiums receivable was $18
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NOTE 9 – Income Taxes
The differences between the 21 % statutory federal income tax rate and our effective income tax rate were as follows:
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax at statutory rate: | $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) resulting from: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nontaxable or nondeductible items | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax-exempt income from municipal bonds | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividend received exclusion | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other nontaxable or nondeductible items | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The provision for federal income taxes is based upon filing a consolidated income tax return for the company and its domestic subsidiaries.
We continue to believe that after considering all positive and negative evidence of taxable income in the carryback and carryforward periods as permitted by law, it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax assets on our U.S. domestic operations and those related to Cincinnati Global Underwriting Ltd.SM (Cincinnati Global) will be realized. As a result, we have no
Cincinnati Global
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NOTE 10 – Net Income Per Common Share
Basic earnings per share are computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share are computed based on the weighted average number of common and dilutive potential common shares outstanding using the treasury stock method. The table shows calculations for basic and diluted earnings per share:
| (In millions, except per share data) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Numerator: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income—basic and diluted | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Denominator: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of share-based awards: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock options | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nonvested shares | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted weighted-average shares | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings per share: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of anti-dilutive share-based awards | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The source of dilution of our common shares are certain equity-based awards. See our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 8, Note 17, Share-Based Associate Compensation Plans, Page 169, for information about share-based awards. The above table shows the number of anti-dilutive share-based awards for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025.
NOTE 11 – Employee Retirement Benefits
The following summarizes the components of net periodic benefit for our qualified and supplemental pension plans:
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service cost | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-service (benefit) costs: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest cost | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected return on plan assets | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of actuarial gain and prior service cost | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-service benefit | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net periodic benefit | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
See our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 8, Note 13, Employee Retirement Benefits, Page 163, for information on our retirement benefits. The net periodic benefit is allocated in the same proportion primarily to the underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses line item with the remainder allocated to the insurance losses and contract holders' benefits line item on the condensed consolidated statements of income for both 2026 and 2025.
We made matching contributions totaling $9 million and $8 million to our 401(k) and Top Hat savings plans during the second quarter of 2026 and 2025, respectively, and contributions of $17 million and $19 million for the first half of 2026 and 2025, respectively.
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NOTE 12 – Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
The company, through its insurance subsidiaries, is involved in claims litigation arising in the ordinary course of conducting its business, both as a liability insurer defending third-party claims brought against insureds and as an insurer defending against coverage claims. The company accounts for such activity through the establishment of unpaid loss and loss expense reserves. Subject to the uncertainties discussed in Note 4, Property Casualty Loss and Loss Expenses, and in the discussion in the balance of this Note, we believe that the ultimate liability, if any, with respect to such ordinary-course claims litigation, after consideration of provisions made for potential losses, costs of defense, and reinsurance recoveries, is immaterial to our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
The company and its subsidiaries also are occasionally involved in other legal and regulatory proceedings, some of which assert claims for substantial amounts. These actions include, among others, putative class actions seeking certification of state or national classes. The company’s insurance subsidiaries also are occasionally parties to individual actions in which extra-contractual damages, punitive damages or penalties are sought, such as claims alleging bad faith handling of insurance claims or writing unauthorized coverage or claims alleging discrimination by former or current associates.
On a quarterly basis, we review these outstanding matters. Under current accounting guidance, we establish accruals when it is probable that a covered loss has been incurred and we can reasonably estimate its potential exposure. The company accounts for such probable and estimable losses, if any, through the establishment of legal expense reserves. Based on our quarterly review, we believe that our accruals for probable and estimable losses are reasonable and that the amounts accrued do not have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. However, if any one or more of these matters results in a judgment against us or settlement for an amount that is significantly greater than the amount accrued, the resulting liability could have a material effect on the company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Based on our most recent review, our estimate for any other matters for which the risk of loss is not probable, but more than remote, is immaterial.
NOTE 13 – Segment Information
We operate primarily in two industries, property casualty insurance and life insurance. Our chief operating decision maker (CODM) is the chief executive officer who regularly reviews our reporting segments to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance. Our five reporting segments are:
•Commercial lines insurance
•Personal lines insurance
•Excess and surplus lines insurance
•Life insurance
•Investments
We report as Other the noninvestment operations of the parent company and its noninsurer subsidiary, CFC Investment Company. We also report as Other the underwriting results of Cincinnati Re and Cincinnati Global. See our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 8, Note 18, Segment Information, Page 172, for a description of revenue, income or loss before income taxes, including its components, and identifiable assets for each of the five segments.
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Segment information is summarized in the following table:
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial lines insurance | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial lines insurance premiums | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total commercial lines insurance revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss and loss expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underwriting expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total commercial lines income (loss) before income taxes | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Personal lines insurance | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Personal lines insurance premiums | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total personal lines insurance revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss and loss expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underwriting expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total personal lines income (loss) before income taxes | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Excess and surplus lines insurance | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Excess and surplus lines insurance premiums | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total excess and surplus lines insurance revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss and loss expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underwriting expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total excess and surplus lines income before income taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Life insurance | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Life insurance premiums | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total life insurance revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contract holders' benefits incurred | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment interest credited to contract holders | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Underwriting expenses incurred | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total life insurance income before income taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income, net of expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment gains and losses, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment interest credited to contract holders | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment income before income taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reconciliation to condensed consolidated income before income taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total segment revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other earned premiums | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total segment benefits and expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other loss and loss expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other underwriting expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other benefits and expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total benefits and expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total income before income taxes | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
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Identifiable assets by segment are summarized in the following table:
| (Dollars in millions) | June 30, | December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||
| Identifiable assets: | ||||||||||||||
| Property casualty insurance | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Life insurance | ||||||||||||||
| Investments | ||||||||||||||
| Other | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations
The following discussion highlights significant factors influencing the condensed consolidated results of operations and financial position of Cincinnati Financial Corporation. It should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Unless otherwise noted, the industry data is prepared by A.M. Best Co., a leading insurance industry statistical, analytical and financial strength rating organization. Information from A.M. Best is presented on a statutory basis for insurance company regulation in the United States of America. When we provide our results on a comparable statutory basis, we label it as such; all other company data is presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP).
We present per share data on a diluted basis unless otherwise noted, adjusting those amounts for all stock splits and dividends. Dollar amounts are rounded to millions; calculations of percent changes are based on dollar amounts rounded to the nearest million. Certain percentage changes are identified as not meaningful (nm).
SAFE HARBOR STATEMENT
Our business is subject to certain risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those suggested by forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statements contained herein, are based upon our current estimates, assumptions and plans that are subject to uncertainty. These statements are made subject to the safe-harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words like “seek,” “expect,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “might,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “intend,” “likely,” “future,” or other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they were made; we assume no obligation to update such statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
Insurance-Related Risks
•Risks and uncertainties associated with our loss reserves or actual claim costs exceeding reserves
•Increased frequency and/or severity of claims or development of claims that are unforeseen at the time of policy issuance
•Unusually high levels of catastrophe losses due to risk concentrations or changes in weather patterns, environmental events, war or political unrest, terrorism incidents, cyberattacks, civil unrest or other causes; and our ability to manage catastrophe risk
•Risks associated with analytical models in key areas such as underwriting, pricing, capital management, reserving, investments, reinsurance, and catastrophe risk management
•Inadequate estimates or assumptions, or reliance on third-party data used for critical accounting estimates
•Events or conditions that could weaken or harm our relationships with our independent agencies and hamper opportunities to add new agencies, resulting in limitations on our opportunities for growth
•Mergers, acquisitions, and other consolidations of agencies that result in a concentration of a significant amount of premium in one agency or agency group and/or alter our competitive advantages
•Our inability to manage business opportunities, growth prospects, and expenses for our ongoing operations
•Changing consumer insurance-buying habits
•The inability to obtain adequate ceded reinsurance on acceptable terms, for acceptable amounts, and from financially strong reinsurers; and the potential for nonpayment or delay in payment by reinsurers
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•Domestic and global events, such as the wars in Ukraine and in the Middle East, future pandemics, inflationary trends, changes in U.S. trade and tariff policy, and disruptions in the banking and financial services industry, resulting in insurance losses, capital market or credit market uncertainty, followed by prolonged periods of economic instability or recession, that lead to:
◦Securities market disruption or volatility and related effects such as decreased economic activity and continued supply chain disruptions that affect our investment portfolio and book value
◦Significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of securities and impairment of the assets
◦Significant decline in investment income due to reduced or eliminated dividend payouts from securities
◦Significant rise in losses from surety or director and officer policies written for financial institutions or other insured entities or in losses from policies written by Cincinnati Re or Cincinnati Global
◦An unusually high level of claims in our insurance or reinsurance operations that increase litigation-related expenses
◦Decreased premium revenue and cash flow from disruption to our distribution channel of independent agents, consumer self-isolation, travel limitations, business restrictions and decreased economic activity
◦The inability of our workforce, agencies, or vendors to perform necessary business functions
Financial, Economic, and Investment Risks
•Declines in overall stock market values negatively affecting our equity portfolio and book value
•Downgrades in our financial strength ratings
•Interest rate fluctuations or other factors that could significantly affect:
◦Our ability to generate growth in investment income
◦Values of our fixed-maturity investments and accounts in which we hold bank-owned life insurance contract assets
◦Our traditional life policy reserves
•Economic volatility and illiquidity associated with our alternative investments in private equity, private credit, real property, and limited partnerships
•Failure to comply with covenants and other requirements under our credit facilities, senior debt, and other debt obligations
•Recession, prolonged elevated inflation, or other economic conditions resulting in lower demand for insurance products or increased payment delinquencies
•The inability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends consistent with current or past levels impacting our ability to pay shareholder dividends or repurchase shares
General Business, Technology, and Operational Risks
•Ineffective information technology systems or failing to develop and implement improvements in technology
•Difficulties with technology or data security breaches, including cyberattacks, could negatively affect our, or our agents’, ability to conduct business; disrupt our relationships with agents, policyholders, and others; cause reputational damage, mitigation expenses, data loss, and expose us to liability
•Difficulties with our operations and technology that may negatively impact our ability to conduct business, including cloud-based data information storage, data security, remote working capabilities, and/or outsourcing relationships and third-party operations and data security
•Disruption of the insurance market caused by technology innovations - such as driverless cars - that could decrease consumer demand for insurance products
•Delays, inadequate data developed internally or from third parties, or performance inadequacies from ongoing development and implementation of underwriting and pricing models and methods, including usage-based insurance methods, automation, artificial intelligence, or technology projects and enhancements expected to increase our efficiency, pricing accuracy, underwriting profit, and competitiveness
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•Intense competition, and the impact of innovation, emerging technologies, artificial intelligence and changing customer preferences on the insurance industry and the markets in which we operate, could harm our ability to maintain or increase our business volumes and profitability
•Inability to defer policy acquisition costs for any business segment if pricing and loss trends would lead management to conclude that the segment could not achieve sustainable profitability
•Unforeseen departure of certain executive officers or other key employees that could interrupt progress toward important strategic goals or diminish the effectiveness of certain longstanding relationships with insurance agents and others
•Our inability, or the inability of our independent agents, to attract and retain personnel
•Events, such as a pandemic, an epidemic, natural catastrophe, or terrorism, which could hamper our ability to assemble our workforce, work effectively in a remote environment, or other failures of business continuity or disaster recovery programs
Regulatory, Compliance, and Legal Risks
•Actions of insurance departments, state attorneys general or other regulatory agencies, including a change to a federal system of regulation from a state-based system, that:
◦Impose new obligations on us that increase our expenses or change the assumptions underlying our critical accounting estimates
◦Place the insurance industry under greater regulatory scrutiny or result in new statutes, rules, and regulations
◦Restrict our ability to exit or reduce writings of unprofitable coverages or lines of business
◦Increase assessments for guaranty funds, other insurance‑related assessments, or mandatory reinsurance arrangements; or that impair our ability to recover such assessments through future surcharges or other rate changes
◦Increase our provision for federal income taxes due to changes in tax laws, regulations, or interpretations
◦Increase other expenses
◦Limit our ability to set fair, adequate, and reasonable rates
◦Restrict our ability to cancel policies
◦Impose new underwriting standards
◦Place us at a disadvantage in the marketplace
◦Restrict our ability to execute our business model, including the way we compensate agents
•Adverse outcomes from litigation, environmental claims, mass torts or administrative proceedings, including effects of social inflation and third-party litigation funding on the size and frequency of litigation awards
•Events or actions, including unauthorized intentional circumvention of controls, which reduce our future ability to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
•Effects of changing social, global, economic, and regulatory environments
•Additional measures affecting corporate financial reporting and governance that can affect the market value of our common stock
Risks and uncertainties are further discussed in other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 1A, Risk Factors, Page 30.
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CORPORATE FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
Net Income and Comprehensive Income Data
| (Dollars in millions, except per share data) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earned premiums | $ | 2,635 | $ | 2,480 | 6 | $ | 5,239 | $ | 4,824 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income, net of expenses (pretax) | 319 | 285 | 12 | 637 | 565 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment gains and losses, net (pretax) | 1,308 | 473 | 177 | 1,238 | 406 | 205 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 4,274 | 3,248 | 32 | 7,137 | 5,814 | 23 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | 1,255 | 685 | 83 | 1,529 | 595 | 157 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income | 1,305 | 707 | 85 | 1,428 | 655 | 118 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income per share—diluted | 8.05 | 4.34 | 85 | 9.78 | 3.77 | 159 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash dividends declared per share | 0.94 | 0.87 | 8 | 1.88 | 1.74 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 155.7 | 157.8 | (1) | 156.3 | 157.8 | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues increased $1.026 billion for the second quarter of 2026, compared with the second quarter of 2025, including higher net investment gains, earned premiums and investment income. For the first six months of 2026, compared with the same period of 2025, total revenues increased $1.323 billion, including higher net investment gains, earned premiums and investment income. Premium and investment revenue trends are discussed further in the respective sections of Financial Results.
Investment gains and losses are recognized on the sales of investments, on certain changes in fair values of securities even though we continue to hold the securities or as otherwise required by GAAP. We have substantial discretion in the timing of investment sales, and that timing generally is independent of the insurance underwriting process. The change in fair value of securities is also generally independent of the insurance underwriting process.
Net income for the second quarter of 2026, compared with the second quarter of 2025, increased $570 million, including increases of $657 million in after-tax investment gains and losses and $28 million in after-tax investment income, partially offset by a decrease of $115 million in after-tax property casualty underwriting profit. Catastrophe losses for the second quarter of 2026, mostly weather related, were $61 million higher after taxes and contributed unfavorably to both net income and property casualty underwriting profit. Life insurance segment results decreased by $1 million on a pretax basis.
For the first six months of 2026, net income increased $934 million, compared with the first six months of 2025,
including increases of $654 million in after-tax investment gains and losses, $211 million in after-tax property casualty underwriting income and $59 million in after-tax investment income. The property casualty underwriting income increase included a favorable $172 million after-tax effect from lower catastrophe losses. Life insurance segment results increased by $1 million on a pretax basis.
Performance by segment is discussed below in Financial Results. As discussed in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7, Executive Summary, Page 46, there are several reasons why our performance during 2026 may ultimately be below our long-term targets.
The board of directors is committed to rewarding shareholders directly through cash dividends and through share repurchase authorizations. Through 2025, the company had increased the annual cash dividend rate for 65 consecutive years, a record we believe is matched by only seven other U.S. publicly traded companies. In January 2026, the board of directors increased the regular quarterly dividend to 94 cents per share, setting the stage for our 66th consecutive year of increasing cash dividends. During the first six months of 2026, cash dividends declared by the company increased 8% compared with the same period of 2025. Our board regularly evaluates relevant factors in decisions related to dividends and share repurchases. The 2026 dividend increase reflected our strong operating performance and signaled management's and the board's positive outlook and confidence in our outstanding capital, liquidity and financial flexibility.
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Balance Sheet Data and Performance Measures
| (Dollars in millions, except share data) | At June 30, | At December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||
| Total investments | $ | 33,153 | $ | 31,783 | ||||||||||
| Total assets | 43,231 | 41,002 | ||||||||||||
| Short-term debt | 17 | 25 | ||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | 791 | 790 | ||||||||||||
| Shareholders' equity | 16,671 | 15,911 | ||||||||||||
| Book value per share | 108.64 | 102.35 | ||||||||||||
| Debt-to-total-capital ratio | 4.6 | % | 4.9 | % | ||||||||||
Total assets at June 30, 2026, increased 5% compared with year-end 2025, and included an increase of 4% in total investments that reflected net purchases and higher fair values for many securities in our equity portfolio. Shareholders' equity increased 5% and book value per share increased 6% during the first six months of 2026. Our debt-to-total-capital ratio (capital is the sum of debt plus shareholders' equity) decreased compared with year-end 2025.
Our value creation ratio is our primary performance metric. As shown in the tables below, that ratio was 8.0% for the first six months of 2026, compared with 4.6% for the same period in 2025. The increase was primarily due to an increase in overall net gains from our investment portfolio and net income before investment gains. Book value per share increased $6.29 during the first six months of 2026 and contributed 6.2 percentage points to the value creation ratio, while dividends declared at $1.88 per share contributed 1.8 points. Value creation ratio major contributors and in total, along with calculations from per-share amounts, are shown in the tables below.
| Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Value creation ratio major contributors: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income before investment gains | 1.4 | % | 2.3 | % | 3.5 | % | 2.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fixed-maturity securities, realized and unrealized gains | 0.4 | 0.1 | (0.7) | 0.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in equity securities, investment gains | 6.6 | 2.7 | 6.2 | 2.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | (0.5) | 0.1 | (1.0) | (0.2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Value creation ratio | 7.9 | % | 5.2 | % | 8.0 | % | 4.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
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| (Dollars are per share) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Value creation ratio: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| End of period book value* | $ | 108.64 | $ | 91.46 | $ | 108.64 | $ | 91.46 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Less beginning of period book value | 101.60 | 87.78 | 102.35 | 89.11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in book value | 7.04 | 3.68 | 6.29 | 2.35 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividend declared to shareholders | 0.94 | 0.87 | 1.88 | 1.74 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total value creation | $ | 7.98 | $ | 4.55 | $ | 8.17 | $ | 4.09 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Value creation ratio from change in book value** | 7.0 | % | 4.2 | % | 6.2 | % | 2.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Value creation ratio from dividends declared to shareholders*** | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 2.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Value creation ratio | 7.9 | % | 5.2 | % | 8.0 | % | 4.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| * Book value per share is calculated by dividing end of period total shareholders' equity by end of period shares outstanding | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ** Change in book value divided by the beginning of period book value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| *** Dividend declared to shareholders divided by beginning of period book value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DRIVERS OF LONG-TERM VALUE CREATION
Operating through The Cincinnati Insurance Company, Cincinnati Financial Corporation is one of the 25 largest property casualty insurers in the nation, based on 2025 net written premiums for more than 2,000 U.S. stock and mutual insurance companies. We market our insurance products through a select group of independent insurance agencies as discussed in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 1, Our Business and Our Strategy, Page 6. At June 30, 2026, we actively marketed through 2,407 agencies located in 46 states. We maintain a long-term perspective that guides us in addressing immediate challenges or opportunities while focusing on the major decisions that best position our company for success through all market cycles.
To measure our long-term progress in creating shareholder value, our value creation ratio is our primary financial performance target. As discussed in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7, Executive Summary, Page 46, management believes this measure is a meaningful indicator of our long-term progress in creating shareholder value and has three primary performance drivers:
•Premium growth – We believe our agency relationships and initiatives can lead to a property casualty written premium growth rate over any five-year period that exceeds the industry average. For the first six months of 2026, our consolidated property casualty net written premium year-over-year growth was 5%. As of February 2026, A.M. Best projected the industry's full-year 2026 written premium growth at approximately 4%. For the five-year period 2021 through 2025, our growth rate exceeded that of the industry. The industry's growth rate excludes its mortgage and financial guaranty lines of business.
•Combined ratio – We believe our underwriting philosophy and initiatives can generate an average GAAP combined ratio over any five-year period that is consistently within the range of 92% to 98%. For the first six months of 2026, our GAAP combined ratio was 98.2%, including 12.8 percentage points of current accident year catastrophe losses partially offset by 2.4 percentage points of favorable loss reserve development on prior accident years. Our statutory combined ratio was 97.3% for the first six months of 2026. As of February 2026, A.M. Best projected the industry's full-year 2026 statutory combined ratio at approximately 97%, including approximately 8 percentage points of catastrophe losses and a favorable effect of approximately 1 percentage point of loss reserve development on prior accident years. The industry's ratio again excludes its mortgage and financial guaranty lines of business.
•Investment contribution – We believe our investment philosophy and initiatives can drive investment income growth and lead to a total return on our equity investment portfolio over a five-year period that exceeds the five-year return of the Standard & Poor's 500 Index. For the first six months of 2026, pretax investment income was $637 million, up 13% compared with the same period in 2025. We believe our investment portfolio mix provides an appropriate balance of income stability and growth with capital appreciation potential.
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Financial Strength
An important part of our long-term strategy is financial strength, which is described in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 1, Our Business and Our Strategy, Financial Strength, Page 8. One aspect of our financial strength is prudent use of reinsurance ceded to help manage financial performance variability due to catastrophe loss experience. A description of how we use reinsurance ceded is included in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7, Liquidity and Capital Resources, 2026 Reinsurance Ceded Programs, Page 102. Another aspect of our financial strength is our investment portfolio, which remains well-diversified as discussed in this quarterly report in Item 3, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. Our strong parent-company liquidity and financial strength increase our flexibility to maintain a cash dividend through all periods and to continue to invest in and expand our insurance operations.
At June 30, 2026, we held $5.722 billion of our cash and cash equivalents and invested assets at the parent-company level, of which $5.232 billion, or 91.4%, was invested in common stocks, and $201 million, or 3.5%, was cash or cash equivalents. Our debt-to-total-capital ratio was 4.6% at June 30, 2026. Another important indicator of financial strength is our ratio of property casualty net written premiums to statutory surplus, which was 1.0-to-1 for the 12 months ended June 30, 2026, matching year-end 2025.
Financial strength ratings assigned to us by independent rating firms also are important. In addition to rating our parent company's senior debt, four firms award insurer financial strength ratings to one or more of our insurance subsidiary companies based on their quantitative and qualitative analyses. These ratings primarily assess an insurer's ability to meet financial obligations to policyholders and do not necessarily address all of the matters that may be important to investors. Ratings are under continuous review and subject to change or withdrawal at any time by the rating agency. Each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating; please see each rating agency's website for its most recent report on our ratings.
At July 24, 2026, our insurance subsidiaries continued to be highly rated.
| Insurer Financial Strength Ratings | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rating agency | Standard market property casualty insurance subsidiaries | Life insurance subsidiary | Excess and surplus lines insurance subsidiary | Outlook | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rating tier | Rating tier | Rating tier | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A.M. Best Co. ambest.com | A+ | Superior | 2 of 16 | A+ | Superior | 2 of 16 | A+ | Superior | 2 of 16 | Stable | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Fitch Ratings fitchratings.com | AA- | Very Strong | 4 of 21 | AA- | Very Strong | 4 of 21 | - | - | - | Stable | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Moody's Investors Service moodys.com | A1 | Good | 5 of 21 | - | - | - | - | - | - | Stable | ||||||||||||||||||||||
S&P Global Ratings spratings.com | A+ | Strong | 5 of 21 | A+ | Strong | 5 of 21 | - | - | - | Stable | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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CONSOLIDATED PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE HIGHLIGHTS
Consolidated property casualty insurance results include premiums and expenses for our standard market insurance segments (commercial lines and personal lines), our excess and surplus lines segment, Cincinnati Re® and our London-based global specialty underwriter Cincinnati Global Underwriting Ltd.SM (Cincinnati Global).
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earned premiums | $ | 2,548 | $ | 2,397 | 6 | $ | 5,067 | $ | 4,661 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee revenues | 3 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 7 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 2,551 | 2,400 | 6 | 5,074 | 4,668 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss and loss expenses from: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year before catastrophe losses | 1,485 | 1,354 | 10 | 2,948 | 2,724 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year catastrophe losses | 365 | 296 | 23 | 650 | 904 | (28) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior accident years before catastrophe losses | (44) | (57) | 23 | (112) | (107) | (5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior accident years catastrophe losses | 2 | (6) | nm | (11) | (47) | 77 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss and loss expenses | 1,808 | 1,587 | 14 | 3,475 | 3,474 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underwriting expenses | 761 | 685 | 11 | 1,502 | 1,364 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underwriting profit (loss) | $ | (18) | $ | 128 | nm | $ | 97 | $ | (170) | nm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ratios as a percent of earned premiums: | Pt. Change | Pt. Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year before catastrophe losses | 58.3 | % | 56.5 | % | 1.8 | 58.2 | % | 58.4 | % | (0.2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year catastrophe losses | 14.4 | 12.4 | 2.0 | 12.8 | 19.4 | (6.6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior accident years before catastrophe losses | (1.8) | (2.4) | 0.6 | (2.2) | (2.3) | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior accident years catastrophe losses | 0.1 | (0.2) | 0.3 | (0.2) | (1.0) | 0.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss and loss expenses | 71.0 | 66.3 | 4.7 | 68.6 | 74.5 | (5.9) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underwriting expenses | 29.8 | 28.6 | 1.2 | 29.6 | 29.3 | 0.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Combined ratio | 100.8 | % | 94.9 | % | 5.9 | 98.2 | % | 103.8 | % | (5.6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Combined ratio | 100.8 | % | 94.9 | % | 5.9 | 98.2 | % | 103.8 | % | (5.6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contribution from catastrophe losses and prior years reserve development | 12.7 | 9.8 | 2.9 | 10.4 | 16.1 | (5.7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Combined ratio before catastrophe losses and prior years reserve development | 88.1 | % | 85.1 | % | 3.0 | 87.8 | % | 87.7 | % | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Our consolidated property casualty insurance operations generated an underwriting loss of $18 million for the second quarter of 2026 and an underwriting profit of $97 million for the first six months of 2026. The second-quarter 2026 underwriting profit decrease of $146 million, compared with second-quarter 2025, included an unfavorable increase of $77 million in losses from catastrophes, mostly caused by severe weather, and a lower amount of total favorable reserve development on prior accident years. The change in underwriting profitability for the second quarter of 2026 was primarily from higher incurred but not reported (IBNR) loss and loss expenses for the current accident year. The six-month underwriting profit of $97 million, compared with an underwriting loss of $170 million for the first six months of 2025, included a favorable decrease of $254 million in current accident year catastrophe losses. For the first six months of 2026, the combined ratio before catastrophe losses and prior years reserve development increased by 0.1% percentage points compared with the same period of 2025.
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Underwriting results for the second quarter and first six months of 2026 included ratios for the current accident year before catastrophe losses that increased for the second quarter and decreased for the first six months of 2026. Pricing segmentation is expected to help offset elevated losses reflecting economic or other forms of inflation. When estimating the ultimate cost of total loss and loss expenses, we consider many factors, including trends for inflation, historical paid and reported losses, large loss activity and other data or information for the industry or our company. Due to increased uncertainty regarding ultimate losses, we intend to remain prudent in reserving for estimated ultimate losses until longer-term loss cost trends become more clear. We believe future property casualty underwriting results will continue to benefit from price increases and our ongoing initiatives to improve pricing precision and loss experience related to claims and loss control practices.
For all property casualty lines of business in aggregate, net loss and loss expense reserves at June 30, 2026, were $981 million or 9%, higher than at year-end 2025, including an increase of $845 million for the incurred but not reported (IBNR) portion.
We measure and analyze property casualty underwriting results primarily by the combined ratio and its component ratios. The GAAP-basis combined ratio is the percentage of incurred losses plus all expenses per each earned premium dollar – the lower the ratio, the better the performance. An underwriting profit results when the combined ratio is below 100%. A combined ratio above 100% indicates that an insurance company's losses and expenses exceeded premiums.
Our consolidated property casualty combined ratio for the second quarter of 2026 increased by 5.9 percentage points, compared with the same period of 2025, including an increase of 2.3 points from catastrophe losses and loss expenses. For the first six months of 2026, compared with the 2025 six-month period, our combined ratio decreased by 5.6 percentage points, including a decrease of 5.8 points from catastrophe losses and loss expenses. Other combined ratio components that changed are discussed below and in further detail in Financial Results by property casualty insurance segment.
The combined ratio can be affected significantly by natural catastrophe losses and other large losses as discussed in detail below. The combined ratio can also be affected by updated estimates of loss and loss expense reserves established for claims that occurred in prior periods, referred to as prior accident years. Net favorable development on prior accident year reserves, including reserves for catastrophe losses, benefited the combined ratio by 2.4 percentage points in the first six months of 2026, compared with 3.3 percentage points in the same period of 2025. Net favorable development is discussed in further detail in Financial Results by property casualty insurance segment.
The ratio for current accident year loss and loss expenses before catastrophe losses improved in the first six months of 2026. That 58.2% ratio was 0.2 percentage points lower, compared with the 58.4% accident year 2025 ratio measured as of June 30, 2025, including a ratio for large losses of $2 million or more per claim, discussed below, that matched the 2025 ratio. The ratio improvement of 0.2 percentage points included an increase of 0.9 points for the IBNR portion and a decrease of 1.1 points for the case incurred portion.
The underwriting expense ratio increased for the second quarter and first fix months of 2026, compared with the same periods a year ago. The increases were largely due to increases in commissions and timing of recognition of certain expenses.
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Consolidated Property Casualty Insurance Premiums
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency renewal written premiums | $ | 2,254 | $ | 2,135 | 6 | $ | 4,299 | $ | 4,047 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency new business written premiums | 353 | 404 | (13) | 692 | 787 | (12) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other written premiums | 218 | 194 | 12 | 502 | 394 | 27 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net written premiums | 2,825 | 2,733 | 3 | 5,493 | 5,228 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unearned premium change | (277) | (336) | 18 | (426) | (567) | 25 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earned premiums | $ | 2,548 | $ | 2,397 | 6 | $ | 5,067 | $ | 4,661 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The trends in net written premiums and earned premiums summarized in the table above include the effects of price increases. Price change trends that heavily influence renewal written premium increases or decreases, along with other premium growth drivers for 2026, are discussed in more detail by segment below in Financial Results.
Consolidated property casualty net written premiums for the second quarter and six months ended June 30, 2026, grew $92 million and $265 million compared with the same periods of 2025. Our premium growth initiatives from prior years have provided an ongoing favorable effect on growth during the current year, particularly as newer agency relationships mature over time.
Consolidated property casualty agency new business written premiums decreased by $51 million for the second quarter and decreased by $95 million for the first six months of 2026, compared with the same periods of 2025, due to the personal lines segment. New agency appointments during 2026 and 2025 produced a $38 million increase in new business for the first six months of 2026 compared with the same period of 2025. As we appoint new agencies that choose to move accounts to us, we report these accounts as new business. While this business is new to us, in many cases it is not new to the agent. We believe these seasoned accounts tend to be priced more accurately than business that may be less familiar to our agent upon obtaining it from a competing agent.
Net written premiums for Cincinnati Re, included in other written premiums, increased by $27 million in both the second quarter and the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared with the same periods of 2025, to $191 million and $445 million, respectively. Cincinnati Re assumes risks through reinsurance treaties and in some cases cedes part of the risk and related premiums to one or more unaffiliated reinsurance companies through transactions known as retrocessions.
Cincinnati Global is also included in other written premiums. Net written premiums for Cincinnati Global increased by $1 million in the second quarter and $23 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026, to $98 million and $196 million, respectively, compared with the same periods of 2025.
Other written premiums include premiums ceded to reinsurers as part of our reinsurance ceded program. A decrease in ceded premiums increased net written premiums by $5 million and $81 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2026, compared with the same periods of 2025. Other written premiums for the first six months of 2025 included a net unfavorable amount of $52 million for reinsurance treaty reinstatement premiums related to the California wildfires.
Catastrophe losses and loss expenses typically have a material effect on property casualty results and can vary significantly from period to period. Losses from catastrophes contributed 14.5 and 12.6 percentage points to the combined ratio in the second quarter and first six months of 2026, compared with 12.2 and 18.4 percentage points in the same periods of 2025.
Effective June 1, 2026, we renewed the reinsurance program for Cincinnati Re only, which provides retrocession coverages with various triggers, exclusions and unique features. The program includes property catastrophe excess of loss coverage in excess of various per occurrence retentions that are based on the territory of the subject business, with a total available limit of $63 million per occurrence. Ceded premiums for the one-year renewal period of coverage from the program are estimated to be approximately $14 million.
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The following table shows consolidated property casualty insurance catastrophe losses and loss expenses incurred, net of reinsurance, as well as the effect of loss development on prior period catastrophe events. We individually list declared catastrophe events for which our incurred losses reached or exceeded $25 million.
Consolidated Property Casualty Insurance Catastrophe Losses and Loss Expenses Incurred
| (Dollars in millions, net of reinsurance) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comm. | Pers. | E&S | Comm. | Pers. | E&S | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dates | Region | lines | lines | lines | Other | Total | lines | lines | lines | Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jan. 23-29 | Midwest, Northeast, South | $ | — | $ | 3 | $ | — | $ | (1) | $ | 2 | $ | 15 | $ | 32 | $ | — | $ | 1 | $ | 48 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mar. 10-12 | Midwest, South | (1) | 8 | — | — | 7 | 9 | 38 | — | — | 47 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mar. 13-14 | Midwest, Northeast, South | (4) | (1) | — | — | (5) | 25 | 33 | — | — | 58 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mar. 26-27 | Midwest | (3) | 6 | — | — | 3 | 32 | 9 | — | — | 41 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Apr. 12-16 | Midwest, Northeast, South | 72 | 51 | 2 | 5 | 130 | 72 | 51 | 2 | 5 | 130 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Apr. 22 - May 1 | Midwest, South | 25 | 32 | — | — | 57 | 25 | 32 | — | — | 57 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jun. 9-12 | Midwest, Northeast, South | 24 | 14 | — | — | 38 | 24 | 14 | — | — | 38 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All other 2026 catastrophes | 36 | 75 | 1 | 21 | 133 | 68 | 128 | 2 | 33 | 231 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Development on 2025 and prior catastrophes | (1) | 7 | — | (4) | 2 | (2) | 5 | (1) | (13) | (11) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Calendar year incurred total | $ | 148 | $ | 195 | $ | 3 | $ | 21 | $ | 367 | $ | 268 | $ | 342 | $ | 3 | $ | 26 | $ | 639 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jan. 7-28 | West | $ | — | $ | (1) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (1) | $ | — | $ | 324 | $ | — | $ | 124 | $ | 448 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mar. 14-17 | Midwest, Northeast, South | 5 | 13 | — | 2 | 20 | 47 | 88 | 1 | 2 | 138 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Apr. 1-7 | Midwest, South | 20 | 40 | — | — | 60 | 20 | 40 | — | — | 60 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 15-16 | Midwest, Northeast | 23 | 65 | — | — | 88 | 23 | 65 | — | — | 88 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All other 2025 catastrophes | 40 | 87 | 2 | — | 129 | 54 | 110 | 3 | 3 | 170 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Development on 2024 and prior catastrophes | (3) | (13) | — | 10 | (6) | (17) | (26) | (1) | (3) | (47) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Calendar year incurred total | $ | 85 | $ | 191 | $ | 2 | $ | 12 | $ | 290 | $ | 127 | $ | 601 | $ | 3 | $ | 126 | $ | 857 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The following table includes data for losses incurred of $2 million or more per claim, net of reinsurance.
Consolidated Property Casualty Insurance Losses Incurred by Size
| (Dollars in millions, net of reinsurance) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year losses greater than $5 million | $ | 29 | $ | 15 | 93 | $ | 37 | $ | 41 | (10) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year losses $2 million - $5 million | 55 | 40 | 38 | 75 | 60 | 25 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Large loss prior accident year reserve development | 51 | 27 | 89 | 101 | 83 | 22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total large losses incurred | 135 | 82 | 65 | 213 | 184 | 16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Losses incurred but not reported | 288 | 213 | 35 | 507 | 492 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other losses excluding catastrophe losses | 767 | 741 | 4 | 1,605 | 1,429 | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Catastrophe losses | 359 | 280 | 28 | 625 | 838 | (25) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total losses incurred | $ | 1,549 | $ | 1,316 | 18 | $ | 2,950 | $ | 2,943 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ratios as a percent of earned premiums: | Pt. Change | Pt. Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year losses greater than $5 million | 1.2 | % | 0.6 | % | 0.6 | 0.7 | % | 0.9 | % | (0.2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year losses $2 million - $5 million | 2.1 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Large loss prior accident year reserve development | 2.0 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total large loss ratio | 5.3 | 3.4 | 1.9 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Losses incurred but not reported | 11.3 | 8.9 | 2.4 | 10.0 | 10.5 | (0.5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other losses excluding catastrophe losses | 30.1 | 30.9 | (0.8) | 31.7 | 30.6 | 1.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Catastrophe losses | 14.1 | 11.7 | 2.4 | 12.3 | 18.0 | (5.7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loss ratio | 60.8 | % | 54.9 | % | 5.9 | 58.2 | % | 63.1 | % | (4.9) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
We believe the inherent variability of aggregate loss experience for our portfolio of larger policies is greater than that of our portfolio of smaller policies, and we continue to monitor the variability in addition to general inflationary trends in loss costs. Our analysis continues to indicate no unexpected concentration of large losses and case reserve increases by risk category, geographic region, policy inception, agency or field marketing territory. The second-quarter 2026 property casualty total large losses incurred of $135 million, net of reinsurance, was higher than the $111 million quarterly average during full-year 2025 and the $82 million experienced for the second quarter of 2025. The ratio for these large losses was 1.9 percentage points higher compared with last year's second quarter. The second-quarter 2026 amount of total large losses incurred unfavorably contributed to the increase in the six-month 2026 total large loss ratio, compared with 2025, offsetting a first-quarter 2026 ratio that was 1.4 points lower than the first quarter of 2025. We believe results for the three-month period largely reflected normal fluctuations in loss patterns and normal variability in large case reserves for claims above $2 million. Losses by size are discussed in further detail in results of operations by property casualty insurance segment.
FINANCIAL RESULTS
Consolidated results reflect the operating results of each of our five segments along with the parent company, Cincinnati Re, Cincinnati Global and other activities reported as "Other." The five segments are:
•Commercial lines insurance
•Personal lines insurance
•Excess and surplus lines insurance
•Life insurance
•Investments
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COMMERCIAL LINES INSURANCE RESULTS
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earned premiums | $ | 1,251 | $ | 1,212 | 3 | $ | 2,492 | $ | 2,391 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee revenues | 1 | — | nm | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 1,252 | 1,212 | 3 | 2,494 | 2,393 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss and loss expenses from: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year before catastrophe losses | 778 | 721 | 8 | 1,557 | 1,443 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year catastrophe losses | 149 | 88 | 69 | 270 | 144 | 88 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior accident years before catastrophe losses | (16) | (39) | 59 | (68) | (68) | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior accident years catastrophe losses | (1) | (3) | 67 | (2) | (17) | 88 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss and loss expenses | 910 | 767 | 19 | 1,757 | 1,502 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underwriting expenses | 391 | 358 | 9 | 768 | 707 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underwriting profit (loss) | $ | (49) | $ | 87 | nm | $ | (31) | $ | 184 | nm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ratios as a percent of earned premiums: | Pt. Change | Pt. Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year before catastrophe losses | 62.2 | % | 59.6 | % | 2.6 | 62.5 | % | 60.3 | % | 2.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year catastrophe losses | 12.0 | 7.2 | 4.8 | 10.8 | 6.1 | 4.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior accident years before catastrophe losses | (1.3) | (3.3) | 2.0 | (2.7) | (2.9) | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior accident years catastrophe losses | (0.1) | (0.2) | 0.1 | (0.1) | (0.7) | 0.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss and loss expenses | 72.8 | 63.3 | 9.5 | 70.5 | 62.8 | 7.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underwriting expenses | 31.3 | 29.6 | 1.7 | 30.8 | 29.6 | 1.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Combined ratio | 104.1 | % | 92.9 | % | 11.2 | 101.3 | % | 92.4 | % | 8.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Combined ratio | 104.1 | % | 92.9 | % | 11.2 | 101.3 | % | 92.4 | % | 8.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contribution from catastrophe losses and prior years reserve development | 10.6 | 3.7 | 6.9 | 8.0 | 2.5 | 5.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Combined ratio before catastrophe losses and prior years reserve development | 93.5 | % | 89.2 | % | 4.3 | 93.3 | % | 89.9 | % | 3.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Overview
Performance highlights for the commercial lines segment include:
•Premiums – Earned premiums and net written premiums for the commercial lines segment grew during the second quarter and first six months of 2026, compared with the same periods a year ago, primarily due to agency renewal written premium growth that continued to include higher average pricing. The table below analyzes the primary components of premiums. We continue to use predictive analytics tools to improve pricing precision and segmentation while leveraging our local relationships with agents through the efforts of our teams that work closely with them. We seek to maintain appropriate pricing discipline for both new and renewal business as our agents and underwriters assess account quality to make careful decisions on a policy-by-policy basis whether to write or renew a policy.
Agency renewal written premiums increased 3% for the second quarter and first six months of 2026, compared with the same periods of 2025, including price increases. During the second quarter of 2026, our overall standard commercial lines policies averaged estimated renewal price increases at percentages near the high end of the low-single-digit range. We continue to segment commercial lines policies, emphasizing identification and retention of those we believe have relatively stronger pricing. Conversely, we continue to maintain stricter renewal terms and conditions on policies we believe have relatively weaker pricing, thus retaining fewer of those policies. We measure average changes in commercial lines renewal pricing as the percentage rate of change in renewal premium for the new policy period compared with the premium for the expiring policy period, assuming no change in the level of insured exposures or policy coverage between those periods for the respective policies.
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Our average overall commercial lines renewal pricing change includes the impact of flat pricing for certain coverages within package policies written for a three-year term that were in force but did not expire during the period being measured. Therefore, our reported change in average commercial lines renewal pricing reflects a blend of three-year policies that did not expire and other policies that did expire during the measurement period. For commercial lines policies that did expire and were then renewed during the second quarter of 2026, we estimate that our average percentage price increases were in the mid-single-digit range for our commercial casualty and commercial auto lines of business. For our commercial property line of business we estimate average price increases were in the low-single-digit range. The estimated average percentage price change for workers' compensation was a decrease in the mid-single-digit range.
Our commercial lines segment's increase in agency renewal written premiums for the first six months of 2026 also included changes in the level of insured exposures. Part of the insured exposure increase reflects our response to inflation effects that increase the cost of building materials to repair damaged commercial structures.
Renewal premiums for certain policies, primarily our commercial casualty and workers' compensation lines of business, include the results of policy audits that adjust initial premium amounts based on differences between estimated and actual sales or payroll related to a specific policy. Audits completed during the first six months of 2026 contributed $32 million to net written premiums, compared with $48 million for the same period of 2025.
New business written premiums for commercial lines increased $8 million and $10 million during the second quarter and first six months of 2026, compared with the same periods of 2025, as we continued to carefully underwrite each policy in a highly competitive market. Trend analysis for year-over-year comparisons of individual quarters is more difficult to assess for commercial lines new business written premiums, due to inherent variability. That variability is often driven by larger policies with annual premiums greater than $100,000.
Other written premiums include premiums ceded to reinsurers as part of our reinsurance ceded program. For our commercial lines insurance segment, an increase in ceded premiums decreased net written premiums by less than $1 million and approximately $1 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2026, compared with the same periods of 2025.
Commercial Lines Insurance Premiums
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency renewal written premiums | $ | 1,146 | $ | 1,116 | 3 | $ | 2,330 | $ | 2,268 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency new business written premiums | 208 | 200 | 4 | 413 | 403 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other written premiums | (27) | (26) | (4) | (57) | (56) | (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net written premiums | 1,327 | 1,290 | 3 | 2,686 | 2,615 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unearned premium change | (76) | (78) | 3 | (194) | (224) | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earned premiums | $ | 1,251 | $ | 1,212 | 3 | $ | 2,492 | $ | 2,391 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
•Combined ratio – The second-quarter 2026 commercial lines combined ratio increased by 11.2 percentage points, compared with the second quarter of 2025, including an increase of 4.9 points in losses from catastrophes. The second-quarter combined ratio increased by 2.6 points from current accident year loss and loss expenses before catastrophe losses, including a decrease of 1.4 points for the IBNR portion and an increase of 4.0 points for the case incurred portion. For the first six months of 2026, the combined ratio increased by 8.9 percentage points, compared with the same period a year ago, including an increase of 5.3 points in losses from catastrophes. The six-month 2026 combined ratio also included an increase of 2.2 points from current accident year loss and loss expenses before catastrophe losses, including an increase of 0.9 points for the IBNR portion and an increase of 1.3 points for the case incurred portion. Underwriting results also included favorable reserve development on prior accident years, as discussed below. The current accident year ratios were measured as of June 30 of the respective years and included an increase of 0.7 percentage points for the first six months of 2026 in the ratio for large losses of $2 million or more per claim, discussed below.
Catastrophe losses and loss expenses accounted for 11.9 and 10.7 percentage points of the combined ratio for the second quarter and first six months of 2026, compared with 7.0 and 5.4 percentage points for the same
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periods a year ago. Through 2025, the 10-year annual average for that catastrophe measure for the commercial lines segment was 5.9 percentage points, and the five-year annual average was 5.3 percentage points.
The net effect of reserve development on prior accident years during the second quarter and first six months of 2026 was favorable for commercial lines overall by $17 million and $70 million, compared with $42 million and $85 million for the same periods in 2025. For the first six months of 2026, our commercial property and workers' compensation lines of business were the main contributors to the commercial lines net favorable reserve development. The net favorable reserve development recognized during the first six months of 2026 for our commercial lines insurance segment was mainly for accident years 2025 and 2024 and was primarily due to lower-than-anticipated loss emergence on known claims. Our commercial casualty line of business included $14 million of unfavorable reserve development on prior accident years for the second quarter of 2026, driven by one older accident year that included updated estimates of ultimate losses for a small number of insureds. Reserve estimates are inherently uncertain as described in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7, Critical Accounting Estimates, Property Casualty Insurance Loss and Loss Expense Reserves, Page 50.
The commercial lines underwriting expense ratio increased for the second quarter and first six months of 2026, compared with the same periods a year ago. The increase was largely due to an increase in commission expenses and timing of recognition of certain expenses. The ratio for both periods also included ongoing expense management efforts.
Commercial Lines Insurance Losses Incurred by Size
| (Dollars in millions, net of reinsurance) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year losses greater than $5 million | $ | 29 | $ | 5 | 480 | $ | 29 | $ | 12 | 142 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year losses $2 million - $5 million | 33 | 22 | 50 | 38 | 37 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Large loss prior accident year reserve development | 53 | 14 | 279 | 88 | 58 | 52 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total large losses incurred | 115 | 41 | 180 | 155 | 107 | 45 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Losses incurred but not reported | 104 | 106 | (2) | 198 | 269 | (26) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other losses excluding catastrophe losses | 403 | 383 | 5 | 844 | 701 | 20 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Catastrophe losses | 147 | 83 | 77 | 264 | 123 | 115 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total losses incurred | $ | 769 | $ | 613 | 25 | $ | 1,461 | $ | 1,200 | 22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ratios as a percent of earned premiums: | Pt. Change | Pt. Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year losses greater than $5 million | 2.4 | % | 0.5 | % | 1.9 | 1.2 | % | 0.5 | % | 0.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year losses $2 million - $5 million | 2.7 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Large loss prior accident year reserve development | 4.2 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 1.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total large loss ratio | 9.3 | 3.5 | 5.8 | 6.3 | 4.5 | 1.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Losses incurred but not reported | 8.3 | 8.7 | (0.4) | 8.0 | 11.3 | (3.3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other losses excluding catastrophe losses | 32.1 | 31.6 | 0.5 | 33.7 | 29.3 | 4.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Catastrophe losses | 11.7 | 6.8 | 4.9 | 10.6 | 5.1 | 5.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loss ratio | 61.4 | % | 50.6 | % | 10.8 | 58.6 | % | 50.2 | % | 8.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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We continue to monitor new losses and case reserve increases greater than $2 million for trends in factors such as initial reserve levels, loss cost inflation and claim settlement expenses. Our analysis continues to indicate no unexpected concentration of these large losses and case reserve increases by risk category, geographic region, policy inception, agency or field marketing territory. The second-quarter 2026 commercial lines total large losses incurred of $115 million, net of reinsurance, was higher than the quarterly average of $74 million during full-year 2025 and the $41 million of total large losses incurred for the second quarter of 2025. The increase in commercial lines large losses for the first six months of 2026 was primarily due to our commercial casualty and commercial property lines of business. The second-quarter 2026 ratio for commercial lines total large losses was 5.8 percentage points higher than last year's second-quarter ratio. The second-quarter 2026 amount of total large losses incurred contributed to the increase in the six-month 2026 total large loss ratio, compared with 2025, offsetting a first-quarter 2026 ratio that was 2.4 points lower than the first quarter of 2025. We believe results for the three-month period largely reflected normal fluctuations in loss patterns and normal variability in large case reserves for claims above $2 million.
PERSONAL LINES INSURANCE RESULTS
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earned premiums | $ | 880 | $ | 804 | 9 | $ | 1,753 | $ | 1,502 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee revenues | 1 | 2 | (50) | 3 | 3 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 881 | 806 | 9 | 1,756 | 1,505 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss and loss expenses from: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year before catastrophe losses | 461 | 413 | 12 | 926 | 855 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year catastrophe losses | 188 | 204 | (8) | 337 | 627 | (46) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior accident years before catastrophe losses | (18) | (6) | (200) | (23) | (12) | (92) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior accident years catastrophe losses | 7 | (13) | nm | 5 | (26) | nm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss and loss expenses | 638 | 598 | 7 | 1,245 | 1,444 | (14) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underwriting expenses | 242 | 222 | 9 | 480 | 432 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underwriting profit (loss) | $ | 1 | $ | (14) | nm | $ | 31 | $ | (371) | nm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ratios as a percent of earned premiums: | Pt. Change | Pt. Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year before catastrophe losses | 52.3 | % | 51.3 | % | 1.0 | 52.8 | % | 56.9 | % | (4.1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year catastrophe losses | 21.4 | 25.4 | (4.0) | 19.2 | 41.7 | (22.5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior accident years before catastrophe losses | (2.1) | (0.7) | (1.4) | (1.3) | (0.8) | (0.5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior accident years catastrophe losses | 0.8 | (1.6) | 2.4 | 0.3 | (1.7) | 2.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss and loss expenses | 72.4 | 74.4 | (2.0) | 71.0 | 96.1 | (25.1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underwriting expenses | 27.5 | 27.6 | (0.1) | 27.4 | 28.8 | (1.4) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Combined ratio | 99.9 | % | 102.0 | % | (2.1) | 98.4 | % | 124.9 | % | (26.5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Combined ratio | 99.9 | % | 102.0 | % | (2.1) | 98.4 | % | 124.9 | % | (26.5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contribution from catastrophe losses and prior years reserve development | 20.1 | 23.1 | (3.0) | 18.2 | 39.2 | (21.0) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Combined ratio before catastrophe losses and prior years reserve development | 79.8 | % | 78.9 | % | 0.9 | 80.2 | % | 85.7 | % | (5.5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Overview
Performance highlights for the personal lines segment include:
•Premiums – Personal lines earned premiums and net written premiums continued to grow during the second quarter and first six months of 2026, primarily due to agency renewal written premium growth that included higher average pricing. The table below analyzes the primary components of premiums.
Agency renewal written premiums increased 9% and 11% for the second quarter and first six months of 2026, reflecting rate increases in selected states, a higher level of insured exposures and other factors such as changes in policy deductibles or mix of business. Policy retention has also decreased in recent quarters to the
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upper-80% range. Part of the insured exposure increase reflects our response to inflation effects that increase the cost of building materials used to repair damaged homes.
We estimate that premium rates for our personal auto and homeowner lines of business increased at average percentages in the high-single-digit range during the first six months of 2026. For both our personal auto and homeowner lines of business, some individual policies experienced lower or higher rate changes based on each risk's specific characteristics and enhanced pricing precision enabled by predictive models.
Personal lines new business written premiums decreased $63 million or 45% for the second quarter of 2026, compared with the same period of 2025. For the first six months of 2026, compared with the same period of 2025, personal lines new business written premiums decreased $114 million, or 43%. We believe we maintained underwriting and pricing discipline as we continued to carefully underwrite each policy in a highly competitive market.
Other written premiums include premiums ceded to reinsurers as part of our reinsurance ceded program. For our personal lines insurance segment, an increase in 2026 ceded premiums decreased net written premiums by approximately $4 million for the second quarter of 2026 compared with the same period of 2025. For the first six months of 2026, a decrease in 2026 ceded premiums increased net written premiums by approximately $59 million compared with the same period of 2025. Ceded premiums for the first six months of 2025 included a net amount of $64 million for reinsurance reinstatement premiums related to the January 2025 wildfires in southern California.
Personal Lines Insurance Premiums
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency renewal written premiums | $ | 943 | $ | 866 | 9 | $ | 1,669 | $ | 1,500 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency new business written premiums | 78 | 141 | (45) | 154 | 268 | (43) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other written premiums | (31) | (27) | (15) | (58) | (116) | 50 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net written premiums | 990 | 980 | 1 | 1,765 | 1,652 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unearned premium change | (110) | (176) | 38 | (12) | (150) | 92 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earned premiums | $ | 880 | $ | 804 | 9 | $ | 1,753 | $ | 1,502 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
•Combined ratio – Our personal lines combined ratio for the second quarter of 2026 improved by 2.1 percentage points, compared with second-quarter 2025, including a decrease of 1.6 points in losses from catastrophes. The second-quarter 2026 combined ratio improvement also included an increase of 1.0 percentage points from current accident year loss and loss expenses before catastrophe losses, including an increase of 4.1 points for the IBNR portion and a decrease of 3.1 points for the case incurred portion. For the first six months of 2026, the combined ratio improved by 26.5 percentage points, compared with the same period a year ago, including a decrease of 20.5 points in losses from catastrophes. The six-month 2026 combined ratio improvement also included a decrease of 4.1 points from current accident year loss and loss expenses before catastrophe losses, including an increase of 0.4 points in the IBNR portion and a decrease of 4.5 points for the case incurred portion. The total current accident year ratios before catastrophe losses were measured as of June 30 of the respective years and included a decrease of 1.0 percentage points for the first six months of 2026 in the ratio for large losses of $2 million or more per claim, discussed below.
Catastrophe losses and loss expenses accounted for 22.2 and 19.5 percentage points of the combined ratio for the second quarter and first six months of 2026, compared with 23.8 and 40.0 points for the same periods a year ago. The 10-year annual average catastrophe loss ratio for the personal lines segment through 2025 was 14.0 percentage points, and the five-year annual average was 15.8 percentage points.
In addition to the average rate increases discussed above, we continue to refine our pricing to better match premiums to the risk of loss on individual policies. Improved pricing precision and broad-based rate increases are expected to help position the combined ratio at a profitable level over the long term. In addition, greater geographic diversification is expected to reduce the volatility of homeowner loss ratios attributable to weather-related catastrophe losses over time.
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The net effect of reserve development on prior accident years during the second quarter and first six months of 2026 was favorable by $11 million and $18 million, compared with $19 million and $38 million for the same periods of 2025. Our homeowner line of business was the main contributor to the personal lines net favorable reserve development for the first six months of 2026. The net favorable reserve development was primarily due to lower-than-anticipated loss emergence on known claims. Reserve estimates are inherently uncertain as described in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7, Critical Accounting Estimates, Property Casualty Insurance Loss and Loss Expense Reserves, Page 50.
The personal lines underwriting expense ratio decreased for the second quarter and first six months of 2026, compared with the same periods a year ago. The second-quarter and six-month decreases were partly due to growth in premiums outpacing growth in various expenses. The ratio for both periods also included ongoing expense management efforts.
Personal Lines Insurance Losses Incurred by Size
| (Dollars in millions, net of reinsurance) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year losses greater than $5 million | $ | — | $ | 10 | (100) | $ | 8 | $ | 29 | (72) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year losses $2 million - $5 million | 22 | 18 | 22 | 37 | 23 | 61 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Large loss prior accident year reserve development | (2) | 13 | nm | 13 | 25 | (48) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total large losses incurred | 20 | 41 | (51) | 58 | 77 | (25) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Losses incurred but not reported | 77 | 37 | 108 | 148 | 111 | 33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other losses excluding catastrophe losses | 271 | 257 | 5 | 553 | 511 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Catastrophe losses | 190 | 186 | 2 | 334 | 591 | (43) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total losses incurred | $ | 558 | $ | 521 | 7 | $ | 1,093 | $ | 1,290 | (15) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ratios as a percent of earned premiums: | Pt. Change | Pt. Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year losses greater than $5 million | 0.0 | % | 1.3 | % | (1.3) | 0.4 | % | 2.0 | % | (1.6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year losses $2 million - $5 million | 2.3 | 2.2 | 0.1 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 0.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Large loss prior accident year reserve development | (0.2) | 1.5 | (1.7) | 0.8 | 1.6 | (0.8) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total large loss ratio | 2.1 | 5.0 | (2.9) | 3.3 | 5.1 | (1.8) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Losses incurred but not reported | 8.7 | 4.7 | 4.0 | 8.4 | 7.4 | 1.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other losses excluding catastrophe losses | 31.0 | 32.0 | (1.0) | 31.5 | 34.1 | (2.6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Catastrophe losses | 21.6 | 23.1 | (1.5) | 19.1 | 39.3 | (20.2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loss ratio | 63.4 | % | 64.8 | % | (1.4) | 62.3 | % | 85.9 | % | (23.6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
We continue to monitor new losses and case reserve increases greater than $2 million for trends in factors such as initial reserve levels, loss cost inflation and claim settlement expenses. Our analysis continues to indicate no unexpected concentration of these large losses and case reserve increases by risk category, geographic region, policy inception, agency or field marketing territory. In the second quarter of 2026, the personal lines total large loss ratio, net of reinsurance, was 2.9 percentage points lower than last year's second quarter. The second-quarter 2026 amount of total large losses incurred favorably contributed to the decrease in the six-month 2026 total large loss ratio, compared with 2025, in addition to a first-quarter 2026 ratio that was 0.8 points lower than the first quarter of 2025. We believe results for the three- and six-month periods largely reflected normal fluctuations in loss patterns and normal variability in large case reserves for claims above $2 million.
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EXCESS AND SURPLUS LINES INSURANCE RESULTS
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earned premiums | $ | 189 | $ | 174 | 9 | $ | 369 | $ | 336 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee revenues | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 190 | 175 | 9 | 371 | 338 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss and loss expenses from: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year before catastrophe losses | 121 | 113 | 7 | 238 | 219 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year catastrophe losses | 3 | 2 | 50 | 4 | 4 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior accident years before catastrophe losses | (6) | (5) | (20) | (13) | (13) | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior accident years catastrophe losses | — | — | 0 | (1) | (1) | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss and loss expenses | 118 | 110 | 7 | 228 | 209 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underwriting expenses | 53 | 49 | 8 | 103 | 93 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underwriting profit | $ | 19 | $ | 16 | 19 | $ | 40 | $ | 36 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ratios as a percent of earned premiums: | Pt. Change | Pt. Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year before catastrophe losses | 64.6 | % | 64.9 | % | (0.3) | 64.6 | % | 65.2 | % | (0.6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year catastrophe losses | 0.9 | 1.6 | (0.7) | 1.0 | 1.2 | (0.2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior accident years before catastrophe losses | (2.9) | (2.7) | (0.2) | (3.5) | (3.8) | 0.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior accident years catastrophe losses | (0.1) | (0.3) | 0.2 | (0.3) | (0.3) | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss and loss expenses | 62.5 | 63.5 | (1.0) | 61.8 | 62.3 | (0.5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underwriting expenses | 28.0 | 27.6 | 0.4 | 28.1 | 27.5 | 0.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Combined ratio | 90.5 | % | 91.1 | % | (0.6) | 89.9 | % | 89.8 | % | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Combined ratio | 90.5 | % | 91.1 | % | (0.6) | 89.9 | % | 89.8 | % | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contribution from catastrophe losses and prior years reserve development | (2.1) | (1.4) | (0.7) | (2.8) | (2.9) | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Combined ratio before catastrophe losses and prior years reserve development | 92.6 | % | 92.5 | % | 0.1 | 92.7 | % | 92.7 | % | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Overview
Performance highlights for the excess and surplus lines segment include:
•Premiums – Excess and surplus lines earned premiums and net written premiums continued to grow during the second quarter and first six months of 2026, compared with the same periods a year ago, including increases in both agency renewal and new business written premiums. Renewal written premiums rose 8% for the second quarter and six months ended June 30, 2026, compared with the same periods of 2025, including higher renewal pricing. For both 2026 periods, excess and surplus lines policy renewals experienced estimated average price increases at percentages in the low-single-digit range. We measure average changes in excess and surplus lines renewal pricing as the percentage rate of change in renewal premium for the new policy period compared with the premium for the expiring policy period, assuming no change in the level of insured exposures or policy coverage between those periods for respective policies.
New business written premiums produced by agencies increased by 6% for the second quarter and 8% for the first six months of 2026 compared with the same periods of 2025, as we continued to carefully underwrite each policy in a highly competitive market. Some of what we report as new business came from accounts that were not new to our agents. We believe our agents' seasoned accounts tend to be priced more accurately than business that may be less familiar to them.
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Excess and Surplus Lines Insurance Premiums
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency renewal written premiums | $ | 165 | $ | 153 | 8 | $ | 300 | $ | 279 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency new business written premiums | 67 | 63 | 6 | 125 | 116 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other written premiums | (13) | (14) | 7 | (24) | (25) | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net written premiums | 219 | 202 | 8 | 401 | 370 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unearned premium change | (30) | (28) | (7) | (32) | (34) | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earned premiums | $ | 189 | $ | 174 | 9 | $ | 369 | $ | 336 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
•Combined ratio – The excess and surplus lines combined ratio improved by 0.6 percentage points for the second quarter and increased 0.1 points for the first six months of 2026, compared with the same periods of 2025. Changes in the combined ratio were largely due to lower ratios for current accident year loss and loss expenses, including catastrophe losses, and were partially offset by higher ratios for underwriting expenses.
The 64.6% second-quarter 2026 ratio for current accident year loss and loss expenses before catastrophe losses was 0.3 percentage points lower, compared with the 64.9% accident year 2025 ratio measured as of June 30, 2025, including an increase of 2.2 points for the IBNR portion and a decrease of 2.5 points for the case incurred portion. The six-month 2026 ratio for current accident year loss and loss expenses before catastrophe losses was 0.6 percentage points lower, compared with the 65.2% accident year 2025 ratio measured as of June 30, 2025, including an increase of 1.0 points for the IBNR portion and a decrease of 1.6 points for the case incurred portion.
Excess and surplus lines net reserve development on prior accident years, as a ratio to earned premiums, was favorable by 3.0% for the second quarter and 3.8% for the first six months of 2026, compared with 3.0% and 4.1% for the same periods of 2025. Reserve estimates are inherently uncertain as described in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7, Critical Accounting Estimates, Property Casualty Insurance Loss and Loss Expense Reserves, Page 50.
The excess and surplus lines underwriting expense ratio increased for the second quarter and first six months of 2026 compared with the same periods a year ago, due to timing of recognition of various expenses. The ratio also included ongoing expense management efforts and premium growth.
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Excess and Surplus Lines Insurance Losses Incurred by Size
| (Dollars in millions, net of reinsurance) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year losses greater than $5 million | $ | — | $ | — | nm | $ | — | $ | — | nm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year losses $2 million - $5 million | — | — | nm | — | — | nm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Large loss prior accident year reserve development | — | — | nm | — | — | nm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total large losses incurred | — | — | nm | — | — | nm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Losses incurred but not reported | 57 | 31 | 84 | 95 | 77 | 23 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other losses excluding catastrophe losses | 24 | 42 | (43) | 64 | 66 | (3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Catastrophe losses | 2 | 3 | (33) | 3 | 3 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total losses incurred | $ | 83 | $ | 76 | 9 | $ | 162 | $ | 146 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ratios as a percent of earned premiums: | Pt. Change | Pt. Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year losses greater than $5 million | — | % | — | % | 0.0 | — | % | — | % | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current accident year losses $2 million - $5 million | — | — | 0.0 | — | — | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Large loss prior accident year reserve development | — | — | 0.0 | — | — | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total large loss ratio | — | — | 0.0 | — | — | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Losses incurred but not reported | 30.7 | 18.1 | 12.6 | 25.8 | 23.0 | 2.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other losses excluding catastrophe losses | 13.2 | 24.4 | (11.2) | 17.6 | 19.7 | (2.1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Catastrophe losses | 0.8 | 1.3 | (0.5) | 0.7 | 0.8 | (0.1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loss ratio | 44.7 | % | 43.8 | % | 0.9 | 44.1 | % | 43.5 | % | 0.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
We continue to monitor new losses and case reserve increases greater than $2 million for trends in factors such as initial reserve levels, loss cost inflation and claim settlement expenses. Our analysis continues to indicate no unexpected concentration of these large losses and case reserve increases by risk category, geographic region, policy inception, agency or field marketing territory. In the second quarter and first six months of both 2026 and 2025, our excess and surplus lines insurance segment had no large losses of $2 million or more per claim. We believe results for the three- and six-month periods largely reflected normal fluctuations in loss patterns.
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LIFE INSURANCE RESULTS
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earned premiums | $ | 87 | $ | 83 | 5 | $ | 172 | $ | 163 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee revenues | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 89 | 85 | 5 | 175 | 166 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contract holders' benefits incurred | 79 | 73 | 8 | 163 | 154 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment interest credited to contract holders | (33) | (31) | (6) | (65) | (63) | (3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underwriting expenses incurred | 25 | 24 | 4 | 48 | 47 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total benefits and expenses | 71 | 66 | 8 | 146 | 138 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Life insurance segment profit | $ | 18 | $ | 19 | (5) | $ | 29 | $ | 28 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Overview
Performance highlights for the life insurance segment include:
•Revenues – Revenues increased for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared with the same period a year ago, driven by higher earned premiums from term life insurance, our largest life insurance product line.
Net in-force life insurance policy face amounts increased 2% to $88.734 billion at June 30, 2026, from $87.311 billion at year-end 2025.
Fixed annuity deposits received for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, were $7 million and $14 million, compared with $8 million and $12 million for the same periods of 2025. Fixed annuity deposits have a minimal impact on earned premiums because deposits received are initially recorded as liabilities. Profit is earned over time by way of interest rate spreads. We do not write variable or equity-indexed annuities.
Life Insurance Premiums
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Term life insurance | $ | 64 | $ | 61 | 5 | $ | 125 | $ | 118 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Whole life insurance | 13 | 13 | 0 | 27 | 26 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Universal life and other | 10 | 9 | 11 | 20 | 19 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earned premiums | $ | 87 | $ | 83 | 5 | $ | 172 | $ | 163 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
•Profitability – Our life insurance segment typically reports a smaller profit compared with the life insurance subsidiary because profits from investment income spreads are included in our investments segment results. We include only investment income credited to contract holders (including interest assumed in life insurance policy reserve calculations) in our life insurance segment results. A profit of $29 million for our life insurance segment in the first six months of 2026, compared with a profit of $28 million for the same period of 2025, was primarily due to more favorable mortality experience and increased earned premiums, partially offset by less favorable impacts from the unlocking of interest rate and other actuarial assumptions.
Life insurance segment benefits and expenses consist principally of contract holders' (policyholders') benefits incurred related to traditional life and interest-sensitive products and operating expenses incurred, net of deferred acquisition costs. Total benefits increased in the first six months of 2026 primarily due to continued growth of in-force policy face amounts and less favorable impacts from the unlocking of interest rate and other actuarial assumptions.
Underwriting expenses for the first six months of 2026 increased compared with the same period a year ago, largely due to higher general insurance expenses compared to the same period of 2025.
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We recognize that assets under management, capital appreciation and investment income are integral to evaluating the success of the life insurance segment because of the long duration of life products. On a basis that includes investment income and investment gains or losses from life-insurance-related invested assets, the life insurance subsidiary reported net income of $30 million and $56 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, compared with $26 million and $47 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. The life insurance subsidiary portfolio had net after-tax investment losses of less than $1 million and $1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, compared with $3 million and $4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.
INVESTMENTS RESULTS
Overview
The investments segment contributes investment income and investment gains and losses to results of operations. Investments traditionally are our primary source of pretax and after-tax profits.
Investment Income
Pretax investment income grew 12% for the second quarter and 13% for the first six months of 2026, compared with the same periods of 2025. Interest income increased by $30 million and $55 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, as net purchases of fixed-maturity securities in recent quarters and higher bond yields are working to generally offset effects of the low interest rates on maturing bonds purchased for several years prior to 2022. Dividend income increased by $2 million for the second quarter and $11 million for the first six months of 2026. The increase for the first six months of 2026 was primarily due to a $6 million special dividend from one of our holdings in first-quarter 2026 in addition to dividend payouts that have modestly trended upward in recent quarters.
Investments Results
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment income, net of expenses | $ | 319 | $ | 285 | 12 | $ | 637 | $ | 565 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment interest credited to contract holders | (33) | (31) | (6) | (65) | (63) | (3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment gains and losses, net | 1,308 | 473 | 177 | 1,238 | 406 | 205 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments profit, pretax | $ | 1,594 | $ | 727 | 119 | $ | 1,810 | $ | 908 | 99 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
We continue to consider the low interest rate environment that prevailed for several years prior to 2022 as well as the potential for a continuation of both elevated inflation and higher bond yields as we position our portfolio. As bonds in our generally laddered portfolio mature or are called over the near term, we will reinvest with a balanced approach, keeping in mind our long-term strategy and pursuing attractive risk-adjusted after-tax yields. The table below shows the average pretax yield-to-amortized cost associated with expected principal redemptions for our fixed-maturity portfolio. The expected principal redemptions are based on par amounts and include dated maturities, calls and prefunded municipal bonds that we expect will be called during each respective time period.
| (Dollars in millions) | % Yield | Principal redemptions | |||||||||
| At June 30, 2026 | |||||||||||
| Fixed-maturity pretax yield profile: | |||||||||||
| Expected to mature during the remainder of 2026 | 4.88 | % | $ | 408 | |||||||
| Expected to mature during 2027 | 4.90 | 920 | |||||||||
| Expected to mature during 2028 | 5.50 | 1,160 | |||||||||
| Average yield and total expected maturities from the remainder of 2026 through 2028 | 5.18 | $ | 2,488 | ||||||||
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The table below shows the average pretax yield-to-amortized cost for fixed-maturity securities acquired during the periods indicated. The average yield-to-amortized cost for total fixed-maturity securities acquired during the first six months of 2026 was higher than the 5.11% average yield-to-amortized cost of the fixed-maturity securities portfolio at the end of 2025. Our fixed-maturity portfolio's average yield-to-amortized cost of 5.06% for the first six months of 2026, from the investment income table below, was lower than the 5.11% yield-to-amortized cost for the year-end 2025 fixed-maturities portfolio.
| Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Average pretax yield-to-amortized cost on new fixed-maturities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquired taxable fixed-maturities | 5.73 | % | 5.94 | % | 5.54 | % | 5.93 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Acquired tax-exempt fixed-maturities | 4.52 | 4.77 | 4.46 | 4.66 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Average total fixed-maturities acquired | 5.66 | 5.82 | 5.48 | 5.82 | |||||||||||||||||||
While our bond portfolio more than covers our insurance reserve liabilities, we believe our diversified common stock portfolio of mainly blue chip, dividend-paying companies represents one of our best investment opportunities for the long term. We discussed our portfolio strategies in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 1, Investments Segment, Page 21, and Item 7, Investments Outlook, Page 86. We discuss risks related to our investment income and our fixed-maturity and equity investment portfolios in this quarterly report Item 3, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
The table below provides details about investment income. Average yields in this table are based on the average invested asset and cash amounts indicated in the table, using fixed-maturity securities valued at amortized cost and all other securities at fair value.
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest | $ | 244 | $ | 214 | 14 | $ | 479 | $ | 424 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends | 72 | 70 | 3 | 148 | 137 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 8 | 5 | 60 | 20 | 12 | 67 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less investment expenses | 5 | 4 | 25 | 10 | 8 | 25 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income, pretax | 319 | 285 | 12 | 637 | 565 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less income taxes | 55 | 49 | 12 | 110 | 97 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment income, after-tax | $ | 264 | $ | 236 | 12 | $ | 527 | $ | 468 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment returns: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average invested assets plus cash and cash equivalents | $ | 34,421 | $ | 30,500 | $ | 34,313 | $ | 30,468 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average yield pretax | 3.71 | % | 3.74 | % | 3.71 | % | 3.71 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average yield after-tax | 3.07 | 3.10 | 3.07 | 3.07 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effective tax rate | 17.4 | 17.2 | 17.3 | 17.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed-maturity returns: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average amortized cost | $ | 19,209 | $ | 17,372 | $ | 18,938 | $ | 17,334 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average yield pretax | 5.08 | % | 4.93 | % | 5.06 | % | 4.89 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average yield after-tax | 4.14 | 4.02 | 4.12 | 4.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effective tax rate | 18.5 | 18.4 | 18.5 | 18.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total Investment Gains and Losses
Investment gains and losses are recognized on the sale of investments, for certain changes in fair values of securities even though we continue to hold the securities or as otherwise required by GAAP. The change in fair value for equity securities still held is included in investment gains and losses and also in net income. The change in unrealized gains or losses for fixed-maturity securities is included as a component of other comprehensive income (OCI). Accounting requirements for the allowance for credit losses for the fixed-maturity portfolio are disclosed in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 8, Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Page 124.
The table below summarizes total investment gains and losses, before taxes.
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment gains and losses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment gains and losses on securities sold, net | $ | 183 | $ | (1) | $ | 223 | $ | (3) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains and losses on securities still held, net | 1,117 | 481 | 1,006 | 411 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | 1,300 | 480 | 1,229 | 408 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed maturities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross realized gains | 7 | 1 | 9 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross realized losses | (1) | — | (2) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in allowance for credit losses, net | (1) | (13) | (2) | (15) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | 5 | (12) | 5 | (14) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 3 | 5 | 4 | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment gains and losses reported in net income | 1,308 | 473 | 1,238 | 406 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in unrealized investment gains and losses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed maturities | 75 | 28 | (145) | 95 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term | (1) | — | (1) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,382 | $ | 501 | $ | 1,092 | $ | 501 | ||||||||||||||||||
Of the 5,484 fixed-maturity and short-term securities in the portfolio, 14 securities were trading below 70% of amortized cost at June 30, 2026. Our asset impairment committee regularly monitors the portfolio, including a quarterly review of the entire portfolio for potential credit losses. We believe that if liquidity in the markets were to significantly deteriorate or economic conditions were to significantly weaken, we could experience declines in portfolio values and possibly increases in the allowance for credit losses or write-downs to fair value.
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OTHER
We report as Other the noninvestment operations of the parent company and a noninsurance subsidiary, CFC Investment Company. We also report as Other the underwriting results of Cincinnati Re and Cincinnati Global, including earned premiums, loss and loss expenses and underwriting expenses in the table below.
Total revenues for the first six months of 2026 for our Other operations increased, compared with the same period of 2025, primarily due to earned premiums from Cincinnati Re and Cincinnati Global, with increases of $2 million and $19 million, respectively. Cincinnati Re had $305 million of earned premiums for the first six months of 2026 and generated an underwriting profit of $50 million. Cincinnati Global had $148 million of earned premiums for the first six months of 2026 and generated an underwriting profit of $7 million. Total expenses for Other decreased for the first six months of 2026, primarily due to lower loss and loss expenses from Cincinnati Re and Cincinnati Global.
Other income (loss) in the table below represents profit before income taxes. For the first six months of 2026, total other income was driven by underwriting profit from Cincinnati Re and Cincinnati Global. For the first six months of 2025, total other loss resulted from an underwriting loss from Cincinnati Re and interest expense from debt of the parent company.
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and fees on loans and leases | $ | 3 | $ | 2 | 50 | $ | 6 | $ | 5 | 20 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earned premiums | 228 | 207 | 10 | 453 | 432 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other revenues | 4 | 3 | 33 | 7 | 4 | 75 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 235 | 212 | 11 | 466 | 441 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 14 | 14 | 0 | 27 | 27 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss and loss expenses | 142 | 112 | 27 | 245 | 319 | (23) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underwriting expenses | 75 | 56 | 34 | 151 | 132 | 14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | 11 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 21 | (5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 242 | 192 | 26 | 443 | 499 | (11) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other income (loss) | $ | (7) | $ | 20 | nm | $ | 23 | $ | (58) | nm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TAXES
We had $321 million and $373 million of income tax expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, compared with $170 million and $132 million of income tax expense for the same periods of 2025. The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, was 20.4% and 19.6% compared with 19.9% and 18.2% for the same periods last year. The change in our effective tax rate between periods was primarily due to changes in underwriting income, changes in our net investment gains and losses and investment income.
Historically, we have pursued a strategy of investing some portion of cash flow in tax-advantaged, fixed-maturity and equity securities to minimize our overall tax liability and maximize after-tax earnings. See Tax-Exempt Fixed Maturities in this quarterly report Item 3, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk for further discussion on municipal bond purchases in our fixed-maturity investment portfolio. For tax years after 2017, for our property casualty insurance subsidiaries, approximately 75% of interest from tax-advantaged, fixed-maturity investments and approximately 40% of dividends from qualified equities are exempt from federal tax after applying proration. For our noninsurance companies, the dividend received deduction exempts 50% of dividends from qualified equities. Our life insurance company does not own tax-advantaged, fixed-maturity investments or equities subject to the dividend received deduction. Details about our effective tax rate are in this quarterly report Item 1, Note 9, Income Taxes.
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
At June 30, 2026, shareholders' equity was $16.671 billion, compared with $15.911 billion at December 31, 2025. Total debt was $808 million at June 30, 2026, down $7 million from $815 million at December 31, 2025. At June 30, 2026, cash and cash equivalents totaled $1.750 billion, compared with $1.431 billion at December 31, 2025.
In addition to our historically positive operating cash flow to meet the needs of operations, we have the ability to slow investing activities or sell a portion of our high-quality, liquid investment portfolio if such need arises. We also have additional capacity to borrow on our revolving short-term line of credit, as described further below.
SOURCES OF LIQUIDITY
Subsidiary Dividends
Our lead insurance subsidiary declared dividends of $400 million to the parent company in the first six months of 2026, compared with $175 million for the same period of 2025. For full-year 2025, our lead insurance subsidiary paid dividends totaling $550 million to the parent company. State of Ohio regulatory requirements restrict the dividends our insurance subsidiary can pay. For full-year 2026, total dividends that our insurance subsidiary can pay to our parent company without regulatory approval are approximately $975 million.
Investing Activities
Investment income is a source of liquidity for both the parent company and its insurance subsidiaries. We continue to focus on portfolio strategies to balance near-term income generation and long-term book value growth.
Parent company obligations can be funded with income on investments held at the parent-company level or through sales of securities in that portfolio, although our investment philosophy seeks to compound cash flows over the long term. These sources of capital can help minimize subsidiary dividends to the parent company, protecting insurance subsidiary capital.
For a discussion of our historic investment strategy, portfolio allocation and quality, see our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 1, Investments Segment, Page 21.
Insurance Underwriting
Our property casualty and life insurance underwriting operations provide liquidity because we generally receive premiums before paying losses under the policies purchased with those premiums. After satisfying our cash requirements, we invest excess cash flows, increasing future investment income.
Historically, cash receipts from property casualty and life insurance premiums, along with investment income, have been more than sufficient to pay claims, operating expenses and dividends to the parent company.
The table below shows a summary of the operating cash flow for property casualty insurance (direct method):
| (Dollars in millions) | Three months ended June 30, | Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Premiums collected | $ | 2,603 | $ | 2,466 | 6 | $ | 5,084 | $ | 4,743 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss and loss expenses paid | (1,293) | (1,246) | (4) | (2,494) | (2,645) | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commissions and other underwriting expenses paid | (714) | (668) | (7) | (1,686) | (1,592) | (6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flow from underwriting | 596 | 552 | 8 | 904 | 506 | 79 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income received | 231 | 207 | 12 | 460 | 413 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flow from operations | $ | 827 | $ | 759 | 9 | $ | 1,364 | $ | 919 | 48 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Collected premiums for property casualty insurance rose $341 million during the first six months of 2026, compared with the same period in 2025. Loss and loss expenses paid for the 2026 period decreased $151 million. Commissions and other underwriting expenses paid increased $94 million.
We discuss our future obligations for claims payments and for underwriting expenses in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7, Obligations, Page 92.
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Capital Resources
At June 30, 2026, our debt-to-total-capital ratio was 4.6%, considerably below our 35% covenant threshold, with $791 million in long-term debt and $17 million in borrowing on our revolving short-term line of credit. At June 30, 2026, $383 million was available for future cash management needs as part of the general provisions of the line of credit agreement. The line of credit also includes a $400 million accordion feature, a $400 million sublimit for letters of credit, and a $75 million sublimit for swing line loans. Based on our capital requirements at June 30, 2026, we do not anticipate a material increase in debt levels exceeding the available line of credit amount during the year. As a result, we expect changes in our debt-to-total-capital ratio to continue to be largely a function of the contribution of unrealized investment gains or losses to shareholders' equity. We held common equities with a fair value of $236 million in Lloyd's trust accounts to provide a portion of the capital needed to support Cincinnati Global's operations at June 30, 2026.
We provide details of our three long-term notes in this quarterly report Item 1, Note 3, Fair Value Measurements. None of the notes are encumbered by rating triggers.
Four independent ratings firms award insurer financial strength ratings to our property casualty insurance companies and three firms rate our life insurance company. Those firms made no changes to our parent company debt ratings during the first six months of 2026. Our debt ratings are discussed in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7, Liquidity and Capital Resources, Long-Term Debt, Page 91.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not use any special-purpose financing vehicles or have any undisclosed off-balance sheet arrangements (as that term is defined in applicable SEC rules) that are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on the company's financial condition, results of operation, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. Similarly, the company holds no fair-value contracts for which a lack of marketplace quotations would necessitate the use of fair-value techniques.
USES OF LIQUIDITY
Our parent company and insurance subsidiary have contractual obligations and other commitments. In addition, one of our primary uses of cash is to enhance shareholder return.
Contractual Obligations
We estimated our future contractual obligations as of December 31, 2025, in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7, Contractual Obligations, Page 92. There have been no material changes to our estimates of future contractual obligations since our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Other Commitments
In addition to our contractual obligations, we have other property casualty operational commitments:
•Commissions – Commissions paid were $1.178 billion in the first six months of 2026. Commission payments generally track with written premiums, except for annual profit-sharing commissions typically paid during the first quarter of the year.
•Other underwriting expenses – Many of our underwriting expenses are not contractual obligations, but reflect the ongoing expenses of our business. Noncommission underwriting expenses paid were $508 million in the first six months of 2026.
There were no contributions to our qualified pension plan during the first six months of 2026.
Investing Activities
After fulfilling operating requirements, we invest cash flows from underwriting, investment and other corporate activities in fixed-maturity and equity securities on an ongoing basis to help achieve our portfolio objectives. We discuss our investment strategy and certain portfolio attributes in this quarterly report Item 3, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Uses of Capital
Uses of cash to enhance shareholder return include dividends to shareholders and shares acquired under our repurchase program. In January 2026, the board of directors declared regular quarterly cash dividends of 94 cents
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per share for an indicated annual rate of $3.76 per share. During the first six months of 2026, we used $276 million to pay cash dividends to shareholders.
PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE LOSS AND LOSS EXPENSE RESERVES
For the business lines in the commercial and personal lines insurance segments, and in total for the excess and surplus lines insurance segment and other property casualty insurance operations, the following table details gross reserves among case, IBNR (incurred but not reported) and loss expense reserves, net of salvage and subrogation reserves. Reserving practices are discussed in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7, Property Casualty Loss and Loss Expense Obligations and Reserves, Page 93.
Total gross reserves at June 30, 2026, increased $956 million compared with December 31, 2025. Case loss reserves increased by $101 million, IBNR loss reserves increased by $708 million and loss expense reserves increased by $147 million. The total gross increase was primarily due to our commercial casualty, commercial property, personal auto and homeowner lines of business and excess and surplus lines insurance segment.
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Property Casualty Gross Reserves
| (Dollars in millions) | Loss reserves | Loss expense reserves | Total gross reserves | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Case reserves | IBNR reserves | Percent of total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial lines insurance: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial casualty | $ | 1,260 | $ | 1,830 | $ | 950 | $ | 4,040 | 32.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial property | 269 | 328 | 119 | 716 | 5.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial auto | 437 | 518 | 197 | 1,152 | 9.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Workers' compensation | 377 | 585 | 108 | 1,070 | 8.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other commercial | 190 | 79 | 202 | 471 | 3.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | 2,533 | 3,340 | 1,576 | 7,449 | 60.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Personal lines insurance: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Personal auto | 330 | 206 | 151 | 687 | 5.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Homeowner | 351 | 377 | 148 | 876 | 7.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other personal | 131 | 298 | 11 | 440 | 3.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | 812 | 881 | 310 | 2,003 | 16.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Excess and surplus lines | 389 | 641 | 375 | 1,405 | 11.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cincinnati Re | 207 | 1,059 | 9 | 1,275 | 10.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cincinnati Global | 105 | 165 | 4 | 274 | 2.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 4,046 | $ | 6,086 | $ | 2,274 | $ | 12,406 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| At December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial lines insurance: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial casualty | $ | 1,246 | $ | 1,736 | $ | 905 | $ | 3,887 | 34.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial property | 210 | 195 | 109 | 514 | 4.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial auto | 448 | 455 | 185 | 1,088 | 9.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Workers' compensation | 369 | 595 | 101 | 1,065 | 9.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other commercial | 172 | 73 | 193 | 438 | 3.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | 2,445 | 3,054 | 1,493 | 6,992 | 61.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Personal lines insurance: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Personal auto | 314 | 152 | 135 | 601 | 5.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Homeowner | 330 | 235 | 130 | 695 | 6.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other personal | 120 | 259 | 10 | 389 | 3.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | 764 | 646 | 275 | 1,685 | 14.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Excess and surplus lines | 407 | 544 | 348 | 1,299 | 11.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cincinnati Re | 218 | 1,003 | 8 | 1,229 | 10.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cincinnati Global | 111 | 131 | 3 | 245 | 2.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 3,945 | $ | 5,378 | $ | 2,127 | $ | 11,450 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
LIFE POLICY AND INVESTMENT CONTRACT RESERVES
Gross life policy and investment contract reserves were $2.986 billion at June 30, 2026, compared with $2.992 billion at year-end 2025. Details about these reserves are in this quarterly report Item 1, Note 5, Life Policy and Investment Contract Reserves. We discussed our life insurance reserving practices in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7, Life Insurance Policyholder Obligations and Reserves, Page 99.
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OTHER MATTERS
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Our significant accounting policies are discussed in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 8, Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Page 124, and updated in this quarterly report Item 1, Note 1, Accounting Policies.
In conjunction with those discussions, in the Management's Discussion and Analysis in the 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, management reviewed the estimates and assumptions used to develop reported amounts related to the most significant policies. Management discussed the development and selection of those accounting estimates with the audit committee of the board of directors.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our greatest exposure to market risk is through our investment portfolio. Market risk is the potential for a decrease in securities' fair value resulting from broad yet uncontrollable forces such as: inflation, economic growth or recession, interest rates, world political conditions or other widespread unpredictable events. It is comprised of many individual risks that, when combined, create a macroeconomic impact.
Our view of potential risks and our sensitivity to such risks is discussed in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, Page 109.
The fair value of our investment portfolio was $32.290 billion at June 30, 2026, up $1.325 billion from year-end 2025, including a $831 million increase in the fixed-maturity portfolio, a $500 million increase in the equity portfolio and a $6 million decrease in short-term investments.
| (Dollars in millions) | At June 30, 2026 | At December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost or amortized cost | Percent of total | Fair value | Percent of total | Cost or amortized cost | Percent of total | Fair value | Percent of total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxable fixed maturities | $ | 15,144 | 63.9 | % | $ | 14,863 | 46.0 | % | $ | 14,134 | 62.5 | % | $ | 14,010 | 45.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax-exempt fixed maturities | 4,136 | 17.4 | 4,091 | 12.7 | 4,170 | 18.4 | 4,113 | 13.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common equities | 3,932 | 16.6 | 12,883 | 39.9 | 3,792 | 16.8 | 12,373 | 40.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nonredeemable preferred equities | 355 | 1.5 | 311 | 1.0 | 363 | 1.6 | 321 | 1.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments | 143 | 0.6 | 142 | 0.4 | 148 | 0.7 | 148 | 0.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 23,710 | 100.0 | % | $ | 32,290 | 100.0 | % | $ | 22,607 | 100.0 | % | $ | 30,965 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
At June 30, 2026, substantially all of our consolidated investment portfolio, measured at fair value, is classified as Level 1 or Level 2. See Item 1, Note 3, Fair Value Measurements, for additional discussion of our valuation techniques.
In addition to our investment portfolio, the total investments amount reported in our condensed consolidated balance sheets includes Other invested assets. Other invested assets included $678 million of private equity investments, $129 million of real estate through direct property ownership and development projects in the United States, $39 million of life policy loans and $17 million in Lloyd's deposit at June 30, 2026.
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FIXED-MATURITY SECURITIES INVESTMENTS
By maintaining a well-diversified fixed-maturity portfolio, we attempt to reduce overall risk. We invest new money in the bond market on a regular basis, targeting what we believe to be optimal risk-adjusted, after-tax yields. Risk, in this context, includes interest rate, call, reinvestment rate, credit and liquidity risk. We do not make a concerted effort to alter duration on a portfolio basis in response to anticipated movements in interest rates. By regularly investing in the bond market, we build a broad, diversified portfolio that we believe mitigates the impact of adverse economic factors.
In the first six months of 2026, the increase in fair value of our fixed-maturity portfolio was due to net purchases of securities, partially offset by an increase in our net unrealized loss position that reflected an increase in U.S. Treasury yields and a slight tightening of corporate credit spreads. At June 30, 2026, our fixed-maturity portfolio with an average rating of A2/A was valued at 98.3% of its amortized cost, compared with 99.0% at December 31, 2025.
At June 30, 2026, our investment-grade fixed-maturity securities represented 97.7% of the portfolio based on ratings provided by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations or the Securities Valuation Office of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners.
Attributes of the fixed-maturity portfolio include:
| At June 30, 2026 | At December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average yield-to-amortized cost | 5.24 | % | 5.11 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average maturity | 11.4 | yrs | 10.9 | yrs | ||||||||||||||||
| Effective duration | 6.0 | yrs | 5.6 | yrs | ||||||||||||||||
We discuss maturities of our fixed-maturity portfolio in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 8, Note 2, Investments, Page 131, and in this quarterly report Item 2, Investments Results.
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TAXABLE FIXED MATURITIES
Our taxable fixed-maturity portfolio, with a fair value of $14.863 billion at June 30, 2026, included:
| (Dollars in millions) | At June 30, 2026 | At December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||
| Investment-grade corporate | $ | 10,259 | $ | 9,505 | ||||||||||
| Government-sponsored enterprises | 2,471 | 2,359 | ||||||||||||
| Asset-backed | 808 | 797 | ||||||||||||
| States, municipalities and political subdivisions | 791 | 806 | ||||||||||||
| United States government | 317 | 313 | ||||||||||||
| Noninvestment-grade corporate | 197 | 206 | ||||||||||||
| Foreign government | 20 | 24 | ||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 14,863 | $ | 14,010 | ||||||||||
Our strategy is to buy, and typically hold, fixed-maturity investments to maturity, but we monitor credit profiles and fair value movements when determining holding periods for individual securities. With the exception of United States agency issues that include government-sponsored enterprises, no individual issuer's securities accounted for more than 0.9% of the taxable fixed-maturity portfolio at June 30, 2026. Our investment-grade corporate bonds had an average rating of Baa1 by Moody's or BBB+ by S&P Global Ratings and represented 69.0% of the taxable fixed-maturity portfolio's fair value at June 30, 2026, compared with 67.8% at year-end 2025.
The heaviest concentration in our investment-grade corporate bond portfolio, based on fair value at
June 30, 2026, was the financial sector. It represented 26.2% of our investment-grade corporate bond portfolio, compared with 28.8% at year-end 2025. The utility and energy sectors represented 13.8% and 11.2%, compared with 13.3% and 11.2%, respectively, at year-end 2025. No other sector exceeded 10% of our investment-grade corporate bond portfolio.
As discussed in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 1A, Risk Factors, Page 30, investments in the financial sector include various risks. See risk factors entitled “Financial disruption or a prolonged economic downturn could affect our investment performance” and “Our ability to achieve our performance objectives could be affected by changes in the financial, credit and capital markets or the general economy.”
Our taxable fixed-maturity portfolio at June 30, 2026, included $808 million of asset-backed securities at fair value with an average rating of Aa2/AA.
TAX-EXEMPT FIXED MATURITIES
At June 30, 2026, we had $4.091 billion of tax-exempt fixed-maturity securities at fair value with an average rating of Aa2/AA by Moody's and S&P Global Ratings. We traditionally have purchased municipal bonds focusing on general obligation and essential services issues, such as water, waste disposal or others. The portfolio is well diversified among approximately 2,000 municipal bond issuers. No single municipal issuer accounted for more than 0.5% of the tax-exempt fixed-maturity portfolio at June 30, 2026.
INTEREST RATE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
Because of our strong surplus, long-term investment horizon and ability to hold most fixed-maturity investments until maturity, we believe the company is adequately positioned if interest rates were to rise. Although the fair values of our existing holdings may suffer, a higher rate environment would provide the opportunity to invest cash flow in higher-yielding securities, while reducing the likelihood of untimely redemptions of currently callable securities. While higher interest rates would be expected to continue to increase the number of fixed-maturity holdings trading below 100% of amortized cost, we believe lower fixed-maturity security values due solely to interest rate changes would not signal a decline in credit quality. We continue to manage the portfolio with an eye toward both meeting current income needs and managing interest rate risk.
Our dynamic financial planning model uses analytical tools to assess market risks. As part of this model, the effective duration of the fixed-maturity portfolio is continually monitored by our investment department to evaluate the theoretical impact of interest rate movements.
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The table below summarizes the effect of hypothetical changes in interest rates on the fair value of the fixed-maturity portfolio:
| (Dollars in millions) | Effect from interest rate change in basis points | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| -200 | -100 | — | 100 | 200 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2026 | $ | 21,198 | $ | 20,081 | $ | 18,954 | $ | 17,723 | $ | 16,526 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| At December 31, 2025 | $ | 20,177 | $ | 19,142 | $ | 18,123 | $ | 17,008 | $ | 15,891 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
The effective duration of the fixed-maturity portfolio as of June 30, 2026, was 6.0 years, up from 5.6 years at year-end 2025. The above table is a theoretical presentation showing that an instantaneous, parallel shift in the yield curve of 100 basis points could produce an approximately 6.2% change in the fair value of the fixed-maturity portfolio. Generally speaking, the higher a bond is rated, the more directly correlated movements in its fair value are to changes in the general level of interest rates, exclusive of call features. The fair values of average- to lower-rated corporate bonds are additionally influenced by the expansion or contraction of credit spreads.
In our dynamic financial planning model, the selected interest rate change of 100 to 200 basis points represents our view of a shift in rates that is quite possible over a one-year period. The rates modeled should not be considered a prediction of future events as interest rates may be much more volatile in the future. The analysis is not intended to provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in rates on our results or financial condition, nor does it take into account any actions that we might take to reduce exposure to such risks.
SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
Our short-term investments consist of commercial paper purchased within one year of maturity. We make short-term investments primarily with funds to be used to make upcoming cash payments, such as dividends, taxes or other corporate purposes. At June 30, 2026, we had $142 million of short-term investments.
EQUITY INVESTMENTS
Our equity investments, with a fair value totaling $13.194 billion at June 30, 2026, included $12.883 billion of common stock securities of companies generally with strong indications of paying and growing their dividends. Other criteria we evaluate include increasing sales and earnings, proven management and a favorable outlook. We believe our equity investment style is an appropriate long-term strategy. While our long-term financial position would be affected by prolonged changes in the market valuation of our investments, we believe our strong surplus position and cash flow provide a cushion against short-term fluctuations in valuation. Continued payment of cash dividends by the issuers of our common equity holdings can provide a floor to their valuation.
The table below summarizes the effect of hypothetical changes in market prices on fair value of our equity portfolio.
| (Dollars in millions) | Effect from market price change in percent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| -30% | -20% | -10% | — | 10% | 20% | 30% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2026 | $ | 9,236 | $ | 10,555 | $ | 11,875 | $ | 13,194 | $ | 14,513 | $ | 15,833 | $ | 17,152 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At December 31, 2025 | $ | 8,886 | $ | 10,155 | $ | 11,425 | $ | 12,694 | $ | 13,963 | $ | 15,233 | $ | 16,502 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
At June 30, 2026, Apple Inc. (Nasdaq:AAPL) was our largest single common stock holding with a fair value of $1.004 billion, or 7.8% of our publicly traded common stock portfolio and 3.1% of the total investment portfolio. Forty-six holdings (among 10 different sectors) each had a fair value greater than $100 million.
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Common Stock Portfolio Sector Distribution
| Percent of common stock portfolio | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2026 | At December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cincinnati Financial | S&P 500 Weightings | Cincinnati Financial | S&P 500 Weightings | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Sector: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Information technology | 34.0 | % | 38.0 | % | 35.4 | % | 34.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Industrials | 15.2 | 8.9 | 14.4 | 8.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Financial | 11.8 | 11.8 | 13.0 | 13.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Healthcare | 10.9 | 8.9 | 10.0 | 9.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer discretionary | 6.8 | 9.3 | 7.3 | 10.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer staples | 6.5 | 4.6 | 6.5 | 4.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Energy | 5.1 | 3.0 | 4.2 | 2.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Materials | 3.6 | 1.8 | 3.3 | 1.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Utilities | 3.2 | 2.2 | 3.0 | 2.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Real estate | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Telecomm services | 0.9 | 9.7 | 1.0 | 10.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
UNREALIZED INVESTMENT GAINS AND LOSSES
At June 30, 2026, unrealized investment gains before taxes for fixed-maturity and short-term investments portfolio totaled $152 million and unrealized investment losses amounted to $479 million before taxes.
The $327 million net unrealized loss position in our fixed-maturity and short-term investments portfolio at June 30, 2026, increased in the first six months of 2026, primarily due to an increase in U.S. Treasury yields partially offset by a slight tightening of corporate credit spreads. The net loss position for our current fixed-maturity holdings will naturally decline over time as individual securities approach maturity. In addition, changes in interest rates can cause rapid, significant changes in fair values of fixed-maturity securities and the net loss position, as discussed in Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
For federal income tax purposes, taxes on gains from appreciated investments generally are not due until securities are sold. We believe that the appreciated value of equity securities, compared with the cost of securities that is generally used as a tax basis, is a useful measure to help evaluate how fair value can change over time. On this basis, the net unrealized investment gains at June 30, 2026, consisted of a net gain position in our equity portfolio of $8.907 billion. Events or factors such as economic growth or recession can affect the fair value and unrealized investment gains of our equity securities. The five largest holdings in our common stock portfolio at June 30, 2026, were Apple Inc., Microsoft Corp (Nasdaq:MSFT), Lam Research Corporation (Nasdaq:LRCX), Broadcom Inc. (Nasdaq:AVGO) and AbbVie Inc. (NYSE:ABBV), which had a combined fair value of $3.436 billion.
Unrealized Investment Losses
We expect the number of fixed-maturity securities trading below amortized cost to fluctuate as interest rates rise or fall and credit spreads expand or contract due to prevailing economic conditions. Further, amortized costs for some securities are revised through write-downs recognized in prior periods. At June 30, 2026, 2,880 of the 5,484 fixed-maturity and short-term securities we owned had fair values below amortized cost, compared with 2,597 of the 5,358 securities we owned at year-end 2025. The 2,880 holdings with fair values below amortized cost at June 30, 2026, represented 59.4% of the fair value of our fixed-maturity and short-term investments portfolio and $479 million in unrealized losses.
•2,208 of the 2,880 holdings had fair value between 90% and 100% of amortized cost at June 30, 2026. These primarily consist of securities whose current valuation is largely the result of interest rate factors. The fair value of these 2,208 securities was $10.083 billion, and they accounted for $212 million in unrealized losses.
•658 of the 2,880 holdings had fair value between 70% and 90% of amortized cost at June 30, 2026. We believe the 658 securities will continue to pay interest and ultimately pay principal upon maturity. The issuers of these
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658 securities have strong cash flow to service their debt and meet their contractual obligation to make principal payments. The fair value of these securities was $1.235 billion, and they accounted for $254 million in unrealized losses.
•14 of the 2,880 holdings had fair value below 70% of amortized cost at June 30, 2026. We believe these securities will continue to pay interest and ultimately pay principal upon maturity. The fair value of these securities was $18 million, and they accounted for $13 million in unrealized losses.
The table below reviews fair values and unrealized losses by investment category and by the overall duration of the securities' continuous unrealized loss position.
| (Dollars in millions) | Less than 12 months | 12 months or more | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2026 | Fair value | Unrealized losses | Fair value | Unrealized losses | Fair value | Unrealized losses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed-maturity: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate | $ | 3,194 | $ | 42 | $ | 2,580 | $ | 199 | $ | 5,774 | $ | 241 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| States, municipalities and political subdivisions | 316 | 2 | 2,063 | 180 | 2,379 | 182 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Government-sponsored enterprises | 2,152 | 38 | 193 | 3 | 2,345 | 41 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed | 202 | 3 | 184 | 7 | 386 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States government | 276 | 3 | 20 | 1 | 296 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign government | 14 | — | — | — | 14 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fixed-maturity | 6,154 | 88 | 5,040 | 390 | 11,194 | 478 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term | 142 | 1 | — | — | 142 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fixed-maturity and short-term investments | $ | 6,296 | $ | 89 | $ | 5,040 | $ | 390 | $ | 11,336 | $ | 479 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed-maturity: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate | $ | 849 | $ | 15 | $ | 2,926 | $ | 188 | $ | 3,775 | $ | 203 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| States, municipalities and political subdivisions | 204 | 2 | 2,346 | 179 | 2,550 | 181 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Government-sponsored enterprises | 983 | 3 | 195 | 1 | 1,178 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed | 101 | 2 | 184 | 6 | 285 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States government | 69 | — | 20 | 1 | 89 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total fixed-maturity | $ | 2,206 | $ | 22 | $ | 5,671 | $ | 375 | $ | 7,877 | $ | 397 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
At June 30, 2026, applying our invested asset impairment policy, we determined that the total of $479 million, for securities in an unrealized loss position in the table above, was not the result of a credit loss.
During the first six months of 2026, no fixed maturity securities were written down to fair value, due to an intention to be sold. The allowance for credit losses increased $1 million during the first six months of 2026. During the first six months of 2025, no fixed maturity securities were written down to fair value, due to an intention to be sold. The increase in the allowance for credit losses was $14 million during the first six months of 2025.
During the full year of 2025, no securities were written down to fair value. At December 31, 2025, 2,597 fixed-maturity and short-term securities with a total unrealized loss of $397 million were in an unrealized loss position. Of that total, 13 securities had fair values below 70% of amortized cost.
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The following table summarizes the investment portfolio by severity of decline:
| (Dollars in millions) | Number of issues | Amortized cost | Fair value | Gross unrealized gain (loss) | Gross investment income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At June 30, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxable fixed maturities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair valued below 70% of amortized cost | 8 | $ | 23 | $ | 14 | $ | (9) | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair valued at 70% to less than 100% of amortized cost | 1,777 | 9,874 | 9,490 | (384) | 228 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair valued at 100% and above of amortized cost | 1,057 | 5,247 | 5,359 | 112 | 154 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income on securities sold in current year | — | — | — | — | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 2,842 | 15,144 | 14,863 | (281) | 400 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax-exempt fixed maturities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair valued below 70% of amortized cost | 6 | 8 | 4 | (4) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair valued at 70% to less than 100% of amortized cost | 1,086 | 1,767 | 1,686 | (81) | 28 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair valued at 100% and above of amortized cost | 1,547 | 2,361 | 2,401 | 40 | 46 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income on securities sold in current year | — | — | — | — | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 2,639 | 4,136 | 4,091 | (45) | 76 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed-maturities summary: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair valued below 70% of amortized cost | 14 | 31 | 18 | (13) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair valued at 70% to less than 100% of amortized cost | 2,863 | 11,641 | 11,176 | (465) | 256 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair valued at 100% and above of amortized cost | 2,604 | 7,608 | 7,760 | 152 | 200 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income on securities sold in current year | — | — | — | — | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 5,481 | 19,280 | 18,954 | (326) | 476 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair valued below 70% of cost | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair valued at 70% to less than 100% of cost | 3 | 143 | 142 | (1) | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair valued at 100% and above of cost | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income on securities sold in current year | — | — | — | — | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 3 | 143 | 142 | (1) | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed maturities and short-term investments summary: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair valued below 70% of cost | 14 | 31 | 18 | (13) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair valued at 70% to less than 100% of cost | 2,866 | 11,784 | 11,318 | (466) | 257 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair valued at 100% and above of cost | 2,604 | 7,608 | 7,760 | 152 | 200 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income on securities sold in current year | — | — | — | — | 29 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 5,484 | $ | 19,423 | $ | 19,096 | $ | (327) | $ | 486 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| At December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed maturities and short-term investments summary: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair valued below 70% of amortized cost | 13 | $ | 30 | $ | 17 | $ | (13) | $ | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair valued at 70% to less than 100% of amortized cost | 2,584 | 8,244 | 7,860 | (384) | 311 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair valued at 100% and above of amortized cost | 2,761 | 10,178 | 10,394 | 216 | 440 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income on securities sold in current year | — | — | — | — | 126 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 5,358 | $ | 18,452 | $ | 18,271 | $ | (181) | $ | 878 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
See our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7, Critical Accounting Estimates, Asset Impairment, Page 54.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures – The company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act)).
Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. The company's management, with the participation of the company's chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the company's disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2026. Based upon that evaluation, the company's chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that the design and operation of the company's disclosure controls and procedures provided reasonable assurance that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure:
•that information required to be disclosed in the company's reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms, and
•that such information is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting – During the three months ended June 30, 2026, there were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Part II – Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Neither the company nor any of our subsidiaries are involved in any litigation believed to be material other than ordinary, routine litigation incidental to the nature of our business.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Our risk factors have not changed materially since they were described in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 23, 2026. Investors should not interpret the disclosure of a risk to imply that the risk has not already materialized.
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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
We did not sell any of our shares that were not registered under the Securities Act during the first six months of 2026. Our repurchase program does not have an expiration date. On January 26, 2018, an additional 15 million shares were authorized, which expanded our current repurchase program. We have 1,849,445 shares available for purchase under our programs at June 30, 2026.
| Period | Total number of shares purchased | Average price paid per share | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs | Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| April 1-30, 2026 | — | — | — | 3,176,650 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 1-31, 2026 | 889,801 | $ | 163.51 | 889,801 | 2,286,849 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| June 1-30, 2026 | 437,404 | 158.70 | 437,404 | 1,849,445 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Totals | 1,327,205 | 161.93 | 1,327,205 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Item 5. Other Information
Neither the company nor any of our officers or directors adopted terminated
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Item 6. Exhibits
| Exhibit No. | Exhibit Description | |||||||
| 3.1 | Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Cincinnati Financial Corporation (as of May 5, 2026) | |||||||
| 3.2 | Amended and Restated Code of Regulations of Cincinnati Financial Corporation, as of May 6, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 filed with the company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 9, 2023) | |||||||
| 4.8 | Description of Registered Securities (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 filed with the company’s registration statement on Form S-3 filed on April 22, 2026) | |||||||
| 31A | Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 – Chief Executive Officer | |||||||
| 31B | Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 – Chief Financial Officer | |||||||
| 32 | Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 | |||||||
| 101.INS | The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. | |||||||
| 101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | |||||||
| 101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | |||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) | |||||||
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| CINCINNATI FINANCIAL CORPORATION | ||
| Date: July 27, 2026 | ||
| /S/ Michael J. Sewell | ||
| Michael J. Sewell, CPA | ||
Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President and Treasurer | ||
| (Principal Accounting Officer) | ||
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