Old Dominion Freight Line (NASDAQ: ODFL) lifts Q2 profit on pricing gains

Q: How did Old Dominion Freight Line (ODFL) perform financially in Q2 2026?

ODFL grew revenue 10.4% to $1.554 billion in Q2 2026, while net income increased 30.5% to $350.6 million and diluted EPS rose to $1.68 . A stronger operating ratio of 70.1% reflected improved pricing and cost efficiency.

Q: What were Old Dominion Freight Line (ODFL)’s key operating metrics in Q2 2026?

LTL tons per day fell 4.1% and LTL shipments per day declined 5.7% , but LTL revenue per hundredweight increased 15.2% to $37.84 . LTL revenue per shipment rose 17.2% to $568.55 , supporting overall revenue and margin growth.

Q: What is Old Dominion Freight Line (ODFL)’s cash and debt position as of June 30, 2026?

As of June 30, 2026, ODFL held $283.9 million in cash and cash equivalents and had $20.0 million of senior notes outstanding, with no borrowings under its $400.0 million credit agreement and $368.2 million of borrowing availability.

Q: How much stock did Old Dominion Freight Line (ODFL) repurchase in Q2 2026?

During Q2 2026, ODFL repurchased 693,571 shares under its program at an average price of $208.41 , spending roughly $145.9 million . As of June 30, 2026, $1.31 billion remained authorized for future repurchases.

Q: What dividends is Old Dominion Freight Line (ODFL) paying in 2026?

ODFL’s board declared a cash dividend of $0.29 per share for each of the first three quarters of 2026, up from $0.28 per quarter in 2025. The company expects to fund dividends through operating cash flow, cash on hand, and, if needed, credit-facility borrowings.

Q: How did Old Dominion Freight Line (ODFL) start Q3 2026 based on July trends?

In July 2026, revenue per day increased 8.2% year over year. LTL revenue per hundredweight rose 9.3% (up 4.2% excluding fuel surcharges), while LTL tons per day declined 1.0% , reflecting ongoing yield strength with slightly lower volumes.

Filing Impact

(Moderate)

Filing Sentiment

(Neutral)

Form Type

10-Q

Rhea-AI Filing Summary

Old Dominion Freight Line delivered stronger profitability in the quarter ended June 30, 2026. Revenue rose to $1.554 billion, up 10.4% year over year, while net income increased 30.5% to $350.6 million and diluted EPS climbed 32.3% to $1.68. The operating ratio improved to 70.1% from 74.6%, as a 15.2% increase in LTL revenue per hundredweight more than offset a 4.1% decline in LTL tonnage per day.

For the first six months of 2026, revenue reached $2.889 billion (+3.8%), net income was $588.9 million (+12.5%), and diluted EPS was $2.82 (+14.6%), supported by tight cost control and favorable pricing. Operating cash flow was $646.3 million, versus modest net capital spending of $100.2 million, lifting cash to $283.9 million with only $20.0 million of senior notes outstanding and no borrowings under the $400.0 million credit facility.

Capital returns remained significant: during the second quarter the company repurchased 693,571 shares for approximately $145.9 million and paid a quarterly dividend of $0.29 per share, leaving $1.31 billion available under the current repurchase authorization. Management plans about $380 million of 2026 capital expenditures and reported that July 2026 revenue per day grew 8.2% year over year, with continued yield gains and slightly lower tonnage.

Positive

Q2 2026 profitability surged: net income rose 30.5% to $350.6 million and the operating ratio improved to 70.1%, driven by strong yield growth despite lower tonnage.
Robust cash generation and balance sheet: first-half 2026 operating cash flow was $646.3 million, cash reached $283.9 million, and total debt was only $20.0 million with full access to a $400.0 million revolver.

Negative

None.

Filing Explained

The remaining $20 million note is due in May 2027, while $368.2 million of revolving capacity remains available after letters of credit.

The company’s June 30, 2026 Form 10-Q leaves its remaining $20.0 million of Series B Notes classified as current maturities, with repayment scheduled for May 2027.

The revolving credit agreement provides up to $400.0 million, but it is borrowing capacity rather than debt already drawn. After $31.8 million of outstanding letters of credit, the filing reports $368.2 million of availability.

Dividends and share repurchases remain subject to debt-agreement conditions, and the company states that it was in compliance with those covenants at June 30, 2026.

The second-quarter repurchase table reports 696,913 total shares acquired, including 3,342 shares surrendered for equity-award tax withholding; 693,571 shares were bought under the publicly announced program. Program shares are canceled when repurchased and classified as authorized but unissued.

The next specifically identified debt milestone is the May 2027 payment of the remaining Series B Notes.

Key Figures

Q2 2026 Revenue: $1,554,004 thousand Q2 2026 Net Income: $350,601 thousand Q2 2026 Diluted EPS: $1.68 +5 more

8 metrics

Q2 2026 Revenue $1,554,004 thousand Revenue from operations for the three months ended June 30, 2026

Q2 2026 Net Income $350,601 thousand Net income for the three months ended June 30, 2026

Q2 2026 Diluted EPS $1.68 Diluted earnings per share for the three months ended June 30, 2026

Q2 2026 Operating Ratio 70.1% Total operating expenses as a percentage of revenue in Q2 2026

Operating Cash Flow 6M 2026 $646,335 thousand Net cash provided by operating activities for six months ended June 30, 2026

Cash at June 30, 2026 $283,939 thousand Cash and cash equivalents balance at June 30, 2026

2026 Capex Plan $380 million Estimated capital expenditures for the year ending December 31, 2026

Remaining Buyback Authorization $1.31 billion Amount remaining under the 2023 Repurchase Program at June 30, 2026

Key Terms

less-than-truckload, operating ratio, LTL revenue per hundredweight, Secured Overnight Financing Rate, +2 more

6 terms

less-than-truckload technical

"We are one of the largest North American less-than-truckload (“LTL”) motor carriers"

Less-than-truckload (LTL) is a freight shipping method where multiple customers share space on the same truck because each shipment is too small to fill a full truck. Like taking a shared taxi instead of hiring a car for just yourself, LTL can lower shipping costs and improve flexibility but adds handling steps and transit stops, so it matters to investors because it affects companies’ delivery speed, logistics costs, inventory timing and overall profit margins.

operating ratio financial

"We gauge our overall success in managing costs by monitoring our operating ratio"

A company's operating ratio is a simple percentage that shows how much of its revenue is eaten up by the costs of running the business — calculated by dividing operating expenses by operating revenue. For investors it signals efficiency and profit potential: a lower operating ratio means the company keeps more of each dollar it earns (like a household with lower bills keeping more of its paycheck), while a higher ratio suggests tighter margins and less room to absorb shocks.

LTL revenue per hundredweight financial

"The decrease in our volumes was offset by an increase of 15.2% in our LTL revenue per hundredweight"

LTL revenue per hundredweight measures how much a carrier earns, on average, for every 100 pounds of less‑than‑truckload (LTL) freight hauled. Think of it as the price a shipping company charges per small bundle of cargo—similar to how a taxi measures fare per mile—so changes show whether the company is getting paid more or less for moving the same amount of goods, which affects margins and revenue trends that investors watch.

Secured Overnight Financing Rate financial

"borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at either the Secured Overnight Financing Rate"

A secured overnight financing rate (SOFR) is a daily benchmark interest rate that reflects the cost of borrowing cash overnight using U.S. Treasury securities as collateral. Think of it as the market price to “rent” cash for a day with a very safe pledge, similar to paying a short-term rental fee for money backed by government bonds. Investors track SOFR because it underpins pricing for loans, bonds and derivatives, so movements change borrowing costs, interest income and the valuation of interest-rate–linked positions.

accordion feature financial

"a five-year, $250.0 million senior unsecured revolving line of credit and a $150.0 million accordion feature"

An accordion feature is a clause in a loan or financing agreement that allows a company to expand the size of a credit line or the amount of securities available under the same contract without drafting a completely new deal. Like a suitcase that can be extended to hold more items, it gives a company quick flexibility to raise extra money, which can help fund growth but may increase debt or dilute existing shareholders—so investors watch it for changes in risk and ownership.

fixed charge coverage ratio financial

"require us to observe a maximum ratio of consolidated debt to consolidated total capitalization and a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio"

A fixed charge coverage ratio measures how well a company's operating income can cover its fixed, recurring obligations like interest payments and lease costs. Think of it as a safety margin — the higher the number, the more comfortably a business can pay steady bills from its normal earnings, which matters to investors because it signals financial stability, lower default risk, and greater ability to withstand revenue dips.

AI-generated analysis. How Rhea-AI works. Not financial advice.

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10-Q Quarterly Reports: What Changes Quarter to Quarter →

Available on EDGAR 08/05/2026 - 04:03 PM Accepted by SEC EDGAR 08/05/2026 - 04:02 PM

FAQ

How did Old Dominion Freight Line (ODFL) perform financially in Q2 2026?

ODFL grew revenue 10.4% to $1.554 billion in Q2 2026, while net income increased 30.5% to $350.6 million and diluted EPS rose to $1.68. A stronger operating ratio of 70.1% reflected improved pricing and cost efficiency.

What were Old Dominion Freight Line (ODFL)’s key operating metrics in Q2 2026?

LTL tons per day fell 4.1% and LTL shipments per day declined 5.7%, but LTL revenue per hundredweight increased 15.2% to $37.84. LTL revenue per shipment rose 17.2% to $568.55, supporting overall revenue and margin growth.

What is Old Dominion Freight Line (ODFL)’s cash and debt position as of June 30, 2026?

As of June 30, 2026, ODFL held $283.9 million in cash and cash equivalents and had $20.0 million of senior notes outstanding, with no borrowings under its $400.0 million credit agreement and $368.2 million of borrowing availability.

How much stock did Old Dominion Freight Line (ODFL) repurchase in Q2 2026?

During Q2 2026, ODFL repurchased 693,571 shares under its program at an average price of $208.41, spending roughly $145.9 million. As of June 30, 2026, $1.31 billion remained authorized for future repurchases.

What capital expenditure plans does Old Dominion Freight Line (ODFL) have for 2026?

For 2026, ODFL currently estimates capital expenditures of about $380 million, including $180 million for service centers, $155 million for tractors and trailers, and $45 million for technology and other assets, funded mainly from operating cash flow and existing liquidity.

What dividends is Old Dominion Freight Line (ODFL) paying in 2026?

ODFL’s board declared a cash dividend of $0.29 per share for each of the first three quarters of 2026, up from $0.28 per quarter in 2025. The company expects to fund dividends through operating cash flow, cash on hand, and, if needed, credit-facility borrowings.

How did Old Dominion Freight Line (ODFL) start Q3 2026 based on July trends?

In July 2026, revenue per day increased 8.2% year over year. LTL revenue per hundredweight rose 9.3% (up 4.2% excluding fuel surcharges), while LTL tons per day declined 1.0%, reflecting ongoing yield strength with slightly lower volumes.

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2026


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to ________ .

Commission File Number: 0-19582

OLD DOMINION FREIGHT LINE, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)




Virginia		56-0751714
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)



500 Old Dominion Way Thomasville, North Carolina		27360
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(336) 889-5000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock ($0.10 par value)	ODFL	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.




Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐

Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐

		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of July 31, 2026 there were 207,356,622 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock ($0.10 par value) outstanding.

INDEX


Part I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION		1

Item 1	Financial Statements	1
	Condensed Balance Sheets – June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025	1
	Condensed Statements of Operations – For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025	3
	Condensed Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity – For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025	4
	Condensed Statements of Cash Flows – For the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025	5
	Notes to the Condensed Financial Statements	6
Item 2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	11
Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	20
Item 4	Controls and Procedures	20

Part II – OTHER INFORMATION		21

Item 1	Legal Proceedings	21
Item 1A	Risk Factors	21
Item 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	22
Item 5	Other Information	22
Item 6	Exhibits	22

Exhibit Index		23
Signatures		24

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

OLD DOMINION FREIGHT LINE, INC.

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS


	June 30,
	2026			December 31,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	(Unaudited)			2025
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	283,939		$	120,091
Customer receivables, less allowances of $9,530 and $7,924, respectively		594,540			471,947
Income taxes receivable		8,114		—
Other receivables		23,483			22,392
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		93,919			80,403
Total current assets		1,003,995			694,833

Property and equipment:
Revenue equipment		2,716,367			2,678,446
Land and structures		3,570,165			3,523,364
Other fixed assets		665,961			664,015
Leasehold improvements		10,300			15,654
Total property and equipment		6,962,793			6,881,479
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(2,522,323	)		(2,377,275	)
Net property and equipment		4,440,470			4,504,204

Other assets		291,056			271,123
Total assets	$	5,735,521		$	5,470,160

Note: The Condensed Balance Sheet at December 31, 2025 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

OLD DOMINION FREIGHT LINE, INC.

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(CONTINUED)


	June 30,
	2026		December 31,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	(Unaudited)		2025
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	80,992	$	62,696
Compensation and benefits		280,241		239,122
Claims and insurance accruals		80,640		78,864
Other accrued liabilities		69,511		70,078
Income taxes payable		—		13,146
Current maturities of long-term debt		19,997		20,000
Total current liabilities		531,381		483,906

Long-term liabilities:
Long-term debt		—		19,995
Other non-current liabilities		286,105		284,519
Deferred income taxes		370,683		370,683
Total long-term liabilities		656,788		675,197
Total liabilities		1,188,169		1,159,103

Commitments and contingent liabilities

Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock - $0.10 par value, 560,000,000 shares authorized, 207,471,296 and 208,556,788 shares outstanding at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively		20,747		20,856
Capital in excess of par value		237,510		234,597
Retained earnings		4,289,095		4,055,604
Total shareholders’ equity		4,547,352		4,311,057
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	5,735,521	$	5,470,160

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

OLD DOMINION FREIGHT LINE, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED)


	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
(In thousands, except per share data)	2026			2025			2026			2025
Revenue from operations	$	1,554,004		$	1,407,724		$	2,888,700		$	2,782,582

Operating expenses:
Salaries, wages and benefits		687,348			672,093			1,325,643			1,330,178
Operating supplies and expenses		177,683			142,457			324,401			292,349
General supplies and expenses		46,413			41,676			93,482			81,556
Operating taxes and licenses		34,293			34,983			67,322			70,586
Insurance and claims		18,919			18,794			36,625			36,274
Communications and utilities		8,190			9,296			17,812			20,099
Depreciation and amortization		91,708			90,663			184,015			179,795
Purchased transportation		33,779			28,544			61,541			56,207
Miscellaneous (income) expense, net		(9,630	)		11,323			(4,783	)		19,588
Total operating expenses		1,088,703			1,049,829			2,106,058			2,086,632

Operating income		465,301			357,895			782,642			695,950

Non-operating (income) expense:
Interest expense		76			6			375			8
Interest income		(2,441	)		(684	)		(4,721	)		(2,346	)
Other expense, net		198			1,357			1,842			2,428
Total non-operating (income) expense		(2,167	)		679			(2,504	)		90

Income before income taxes		467,468			357,216			785,146			695,860

Provision for income taxes		116,867			88,590			196,287			172,574

Net income	$	350,601		$	268,626		$	588,859		$	523,286

Earnings per share:
Basic	$	1.69		$	1.27		$	2.83		$	2.47
Diluted	$	1.68		$	1.27		$	2.82		$	2.46

Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic		207,659			211,083			207,966			211,739
Diluted		208,715			212,164			209,014			212,821

Dividends declared per share	$	0.29		$	0.28		$	0.58		$	0.56

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

OLD DOMINION FREIGHT LINE, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(UNAUDITED)



	Three Months Ended June 30, 2026 and 2025
							Capital in
	Common Stock						Excess of			Retained
(In thousands)	Shares			Amount			Par Value			Earnings			Total
Balance as of March 31, 2026		208,147		$	20,815		$	234,342		$	4,144,565		$	4,399,722
Net income		—			—			—			350,601			350,601
Share repurchases, including transaction costs		(693	)		(69	)		—			(145,878	)		(145,947	)
Cash dividend declared ($0.29 per share)		—			—			—			(60,193	)		(60,193	)
Share-based compensation and share issuances, net of forfeitures		21			2			3,873			—			3,875
Taxes paid in exchange for shares withheld		(4	)		(1	)		(705	)		—			(706	)
Balance as of June 30, 2026		207,471		$	20,747		$	237,510		$	4,289,095		$	4,547,352

Balance as of March 31, 2025		211,929		$	21,193		$	226,576		$	3,987,555		$	4,235,324
Net income		—			—			—			268,626			268,626
Share repurchases, including transaction costs		(1,356	)		(135	)		—			(216,182	)		(216,317	)
Cash dividend declared ($0.28 per share)		—			—			—			(59,053	)		(59,053	)
Share-based compensation and share issuances, net of forfeitures		29			3			3,106			—			3,109
Taxes paid in exchange for shares withheld		(6	)		(1	)		(1,057	)		—			(1,058	)
Balance as of June 30, 2025		210,596		$	21,060		$	228,625		$	3,980,946		$	4,230,631


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 and 2025
							Capital in
	Common Stock						Excess of			Retained
(In thousands)	Shares			Amount			Par Value			Earnings			Total
Balance as of December 31, 2025		208,557		$	20,856		$	234,597		$	4,055,604		$	4,311,057
Net income		—			—			—			588,859			588,859
Share repurchases, including transaction costs		(1,173	)		(117	)		—			(234,745	)		(234,862	)
Cash dividends declared ($0.58 per share)		—			—			—			(120,623	)		(120,623	)
Share-based compensation and share issuances, net of forfeitures		114			11			7,973			—			7,984
Taxes paid in exchange for shares withheld		(27	)		(3	)		(5,060	)		—			(5,063	)
Balance as of June 30, 2026		207,471		$	20,747		$	237,510		$	4,289,095		$	4,547,352

Balance as of December 31, 2024		212,985		$	21,298		$	228,081		$	3,995,209		$	4,244,588
Net income		—			—			—			523,286			523,286
Share repurchases, including transaction costs		(2,472	)		(247	)		—			(419,052	)		(419,299	)
Cash dividends declared ($0.56 per share)		—			—			—			(118,497	)		(118,497	)
Share-based compensation and share issuances, net of forfeitures		113			12			6,107			—			6,119
Taxes paid in exchange for shares withheld		(30	)		(3	)		(5,563	)		—			(5,566	)
Balance as of June 30, 2025		210,596		$	21,060		$	228,625		$	3,980,946		$	4,230,631

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

OLD DOMINION FREIGHT LINE, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)


	Six Months Ended
	June 30,
(In thousands)	2026			2025
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	588,859		$	523,286
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		184,017			179,800
(Gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment		(20,067	)		3,335
Other, net		17,285			15,033
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net		(123,759	)		(99,088	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		646,335			622,366

Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment		(139,611	)		(275,313	)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		39,397			7,062
Other investing		3,168			100
Net cash used in investing activities		(97,046	)		(268,151	)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Payments for share repurchases		(239,712	)		(424,584	)
Dividends paid		(120,666	)		(118,527	)
Principal payments under long-term debt agreements		(20,000	)		(20,000	)
Net borrowings under our credit agreement		—			130,000
Other financing activities, net		(5,063	)		(5,723	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(385,441	)		(438,834	)

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		163,848			(84,619	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		120,091			108,676
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	283,939		$	24,057

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Note 1. Significant Accounting Policies

Business

We are one of the largest North American less-than-truckload (“LTL”) motor carriers and provide regional, inter-regional and national LTL services through a single integrated, union-free organization. Our service offerings, which include expedited transportation, are provided through an expansive network of service centers located throughout the continental United States. Through strategic alliances, we also provide LTL services throughout North America. In addition to our core LTL services, we offer a range of value-added services including container drayage, truckload brokerage and supply chain consulting. We have one operating and reportable segment as described in Note 6. The composition of our revenue is summarized below:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
(In thousands)	2026		2025		2026		2025
LTL services	$	1,538,938	$	1,395,112	$	2,860,829	$	2,755,951
Other services		15,066		12,612		27,871		26,631
Total revenue from operations	$	1,554,004	$	1,407,724	$	2,888,700	$	2,782,582

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited, interim condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and, in management’s opinion, contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring items) necessary for a fair presentation, in all material respects, of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

The preparation of condensed financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Our operating results are subject to seasonal trends; therefore, the results of operations for the interim period ended June 30, 2026 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the subsequent quarterly periods or the year ending December 31, 2026.

The condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes, which appear in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. There have been no significant changes in the accounting principles and policies, long-term contracts or estimates inherent in the preparation of the condensed financial statements of Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc. as previously described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, other than those disclosed in this Form 10-Q.

Unless the context requires otherwise, references in these Notes to “Old Dominion,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc.

Stock Repurchase Program

On July 26, 2023, we announced that our Board of Directors had approved a stock repurchase program authorizing us to repurchase up to an aggregate of $3.0 billion of our outstanding common stock (the “2023 Repurchase Program”). The 2023 Repurchase Program began after the completion of our prior repurchase program in May 2024 and does not have an expiration date. Under the 2023 Repurchase Program, we may repurchase shares from time to time in open market purchases or through privately negotiated transactions. Shares of our common stock repurchased under the 2023 Repurchase Program are canceled at the time of repurchase and are classified as authorized but unissued shares of our common stock. At June 30, 2026, we had $1.31 billion remaining authorized under the 2023 Repurchase Program.

Dividends to Shareholders

Our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.29 per share for each of the first three quarters of 2026 and declared a cash dividend of $0.28 per share for each quarter of 2025.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets. ASU 2025-05 provides a practical expedient permitting an entity to assume that conditions at the balance sheet date remain unchanged over the life of the asset when estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets. We adopted ASU 2025-05 in the first quarter of 2026 on a prospective basis and elected the practical expedient. The adoption did not have a material impact on our condensed financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, and in January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date. ASU 2024-03 requires public entities to disclose additional information about the nature of expenses included on the statements of operations as well as information about specific types of expenses included in the expense captions presented on the statements of operations in the notes to the financial statements on an interim and annual basis. ASU 2024-03, as clarified by ASU 2025-01, is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. While the new accounting guidance will not have any impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows, the adoption of the new accounting guidance may result in additional disclosures. We are currently evaluating the impact of this new accounting guidance on our disclosures.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software. ASU 2025-06 amends certain aspects of the accounting for and disclosure of software costs under Accounting Standards Codification 350-40, Internal-Use Software Accounting & Capitalization. ASU 2025-06 eliminates project stages and requires capitalization of software costs to begin when management has authorized and committed to funding the software project and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. When evaluating if a project is probable to be completed, significant development uncertainty must be assessed. Additionally, disclosures for property, plant and equipment will be required for all capitalized software costs. ASU 2025-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027 and for interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The new accounting guidance can be adopted prospectively, retrospectively or using a modified transition approach. We are currently evaluating the impact of this accounting guidance on our financial condition, results of operations and disclosures.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements, which clarifies the guidance in Topic 270 to improve the consistency of interim financial reporting. ASU 2025-11 provides a comprehensive list of required interim disclosures and introduces a disclosure principle requiring entities to disclose events since the end of the last annual reporting period that have a material impact on the entity. ASU 2025-11 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this accounting guidance.

Note 2. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the daily weighted average number of shares of our common stock outstanding for the period, excluding unvested restricted stock. Unvested restricted stock is included in common shares outstanding on our Condensed Balance Sheets.

Diluted earnings per share is computed using the treasury stock method. The denominator used in calculating diluted earnings per share includes the impact of unvested restricted stock and other dilutive, non-participating securities under our equity award agreements. Contingently issuable shares under performance-based award agreements are included in, or excluded from, the denominator depending on whether the performance target is deemed to have been achieved, or not to have been achieved, using the assumption that the end of the reporting period is treated as the end of the contingency period.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the number of shares of common stock used in computing basic and diluted earnings per share:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
(In thousands)	2026		2025		2026		2025
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic		207,659		211,083		207,966		211,739
Dilutive effect of share-based awards		1,056		1,081		1,048		1,082
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted		208,715		212,164		209,014		212,821

Note 3. Long-term Debt

Long-term debt, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, consisted of the following:


(In thousands)	June 30, 2026			December 31, 2025
Senior notes	$	19,997		$	39,995
Credit agreement borrowings		—			—
Total long-term debt		19,997			39,995
Less: Current maturities		(19,997	)		(20,000	)
Total maturities due after one year	$	—		$	19,995

Note Agreement

On May 4, 2020, we entered into a Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement with PGIM, Inc. (“Prudential”) and certain affiliates and managed accounts of Prudential (as subsequently amended, the “Note Agreement”). The Note Agreement provided for the issuance of senior promissory notes with an aggregate principal amount of up to $350.0 million through March 22, 2026. On May 4, 2020, we issued $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior promissory notes (the “Series B Notes”). The Series B Notes bear interest at 3.10% per annum and mature on May 4, 2027, unless prepaid. The first four principal payments of $20.0 million each were paid in May 2023, 2024, 2025 and 2026. The remaining $20.0 million will be paid in May 2027. The Series B Notes are senior unsecured obligations and rank pari passu with borrowings under our third amended and restated credit agreement, dated March 22, 2023, with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association serving as administrative agent for the lenders (as subsequently amended, the “Credit Agreement”).

Credit Agreement

The Credit Agreement, which matures in March 2028, initially provided for a five-year, $250.0 million senior unsecured revolving line of credit and a $150.0 million accordion feature. On May 23, 2025, we exercised the accordion feature and entered into an amendment to the Credit Agreement to increase the total borrowing capacity from existing lenders by $150.0 million to an aggregate of $400.0 million. The Credit Agreement allows for up to $100.0 million to be utilized for letters of credit against the line of credit, which was unchanged by the amendment.

At our option, borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at either: (i) the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus the Term SOFR Adjustment, as defined in the Credit Agreement, equal to 0.100%, plus an applicable margin that ranges from 1.000% to 1.375%; or (ii) a Base Rate, as defined in the Credit Agreement, plus an applicable margin that ranges from 0.000% to 0.375%. The applicable margin for each of the foregoing options is dependent upon our consolidated debt to consolidated total capitalization ratio. Letter of credit fees equal to the applicable margin for SOFR loans are charged quarterly in arrears on the daily average aggregate stated amount of all letters of credit outstanding during the quarter. Commitment fees ranging from 0.090% to 0.175% (based upon our consolidated debt to consolidated total capitalization ratio) are charged quarterly in arrears on the aggregate unutilized portion of the Credit Agreement.

For periods covered under the Credit Agreement, the applicable margin on SOFR loans and letter of credit fees were 1.000% and commitment fees were 0.090%.

There were $31.8 million and $37.5 million of outstanding letters of credit at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. As of June 30, 2026, we had $368.2 million of borrowing availability under the Credit Agreement after taking into account outstanding letters of credit.

General Debt Provisions

The Credit Agreement and the Note Agreement, as it relates to the Series B Notes, contain customary covenants, including financial covenants that require us to observe a maximum ratio of consolidated debt to consolidated total capitalization and a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. The Credit Agreement and the Note Agreement also include a provision limiting our ability to make restricted payments, including dividends and payments for share repurchases, unless, among other conditions, no defaults or events of default are ongoing (or would be caused by such restricted payment).

Note 4. Commitments and Contingencies

We are involved in or addressing various legal proceedings and claims, governmental inquiries, notices and investigations that have arisen in the ordinary course of our business and have not been fully adjudicated, some of which may be covered in whole or in part by insurance. Certain of these matters include collective and/or class-action allegations. We do not believe that the resolution of any of these matters will have a material adverse effect upon our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Note 5. Fair Value Measurements

Long-term Debt

The carrying value of our total long-term debt, including current maturities, was $20.0 million and $40.0 million at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The estimated fair value of our total long-term debt, including current maturities, was $19.6 million and $39.1 million at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The fair value measurement of our Series B Notes was determined using a discounted cash flow analysis that factors in current market yields for comparable borrowing arrangements under our credit profile. Since this methodology is based upon market yields for comparable arrangements, the measurement is categorized as Level 2 under the three-level fair value hierarchy as established by the FASB.

Note 6. Segment Information

We have one operating and reportable segment that provides regional, inter-regional and national LTL services through a single integrated, union-free organization. We derive revenue primarily in North America and manage our business activities on a Company-wide basis. The accounting policies of our reportable segment are the same as those described in Note 1 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), who is our President and Chief Executive Officer, reviews Company-wide financial information. The CODM uses “Net income” on our Condensed Statements of Operations to make capital allocation and spending decisions, which is initially performed as part of our annual strategic planning process. As part of this planning process, we develop an annual budget for capital expenditures to support our forecasted tonnage and shipment growth. This annual capital expenditure plan, and any other spending decisions that the CODM believes will help prepare our Company for future growth, are generally considered our first priorities for allocating capital. Once those decisions are made, other capital considerations may include share repurchases, dividends, and acquisitions. The CODM monitors actual results against forecast throughout the year and evaluates necessary changes in operating activities or capital allocation. Segment assets are reported as “Total assets” on our Condensed Balance Sheets but “Total assets” are not used to measure segment performance or allocate resources. Long-lived assets, which consist primarily of property and equipment, net, are all located in the United States.

The following table presents financial information with respect to our segment:


	Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
	June 30,					June 30,
(In thousands)	2026			2025		2026			2025
Revenue from operations	$	1,554,004		$	1,407,724	$	2,888,700		$	2,782,582

Less significant expenses:
Salaries and wages		483,973			481,633		942,473			957,903
Employee benefit costs		203,375			190,460		383,170			372,275
Operating supplies and expenses		177,683			142,457		324,401			292,349
General supplies and expenses		46,413			41,676		93,482			81,556
Operating taxes and licenses		34,293			34,983		67,322			70,586
Insurance and claims		18,919			18,794		36,625			36,274
Communications and utilities		8,190			9,296		17,812			20,099
Depreciation and amortization		91,708			90,663		184,015			179,795
Purchased transportation		33,779			28,544		61,541			56,207
Miscellaneous (income) expense, net		(9,630	)		11,323		(4,783	)		19,588
Total non-operating (income) expense		(2,167	)		679		(2,504	)		90
Provision for income taxes		116,867			88,590		196,287			172,574
Segment net income	$	350,601		$	268,626	$	588,859		$	523,286

See the Company’s financial statements for other financial information regarding our segment as there are no reconciling items or adjustments between segment and total Company.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

We are one of the largest North American less-than-truckload (“LTL”) motor carriers and provide regional, inter-regional and national LTL services through a single integrated, union-free organization. Our service offerings, which include expedited transportation, are provided through an expansive network of service centers located throughout the continental United States. Through strategic alliances, we also provide LTL services throughout North America. In addition to our core LTL services, we offer a range of value-added services including container drayage, truckload brokerage and supply chain consulting. More than 98% of our revenue has historically been derived from transporting LTL shipments for our customers, whose demand for our services is generally tied to industrial production and the overall health of the U.S. domestic economy.

In analyzing the components of our revenue, we monitor changes and trends in our LTL volumes and LTL revenue per hundredweight. While LTL revenue per hundredweight is a yield measurement, it is also a commonly-used indicator for general pricing trends in the LTL industry. This yield metric is not a true measure of price, however, as it can be influenced by many other factors, such as changes in fuel surcharges, weight per shipment and length of haul. As a result, changes in LTL revenue per hundredweight do not necessarily indicate actual changes in underlying base rates. LTL revenue per hundredweight and the key factors that can impact this metric are described in more detail below:

•

LTL Revenue Per Hundredweight - Our LTL transportation services are generally priced based on weight, commodity, and distance. This measurement reflects the application of our pricing policies to the services we provide, which are influenced by competitive market conditions and our growth objectives. Generally, freight is rated by a class system, which is established by the National Motor Freight Traffic Association, Inc. Light, bulky freight typically has a higher class and is priced at higher revenue per hundredweight than dense, heavy freight. Fuel surcharges, accessorial charges, revenue adjustments and revenue for undelivered freight are included in this measurement, and we regularly monitor the components that impact our pricing. The fuel surcharge is generally designed to offset fluctuations in the cost of our petroleum-based products and is indexed to diesel fuel prices published by the U.S. Department of Energy, which reset each week. Revenue for undelivered freight is deferred for financial statement purposes in accordance with our revenue recognition policy; however, we believe including it in our revenue per hundredweight metrics results in a more accurate representation of the underlying changes in our yields by matching total billed revenue with the corresponding weight of those shipments.

•

LTL Weight Per Shipment - Fluctuations in weight per shipment can indicate changes in the mix of freight we receive from our customers, as well as changes in the number of units included in a shipment. Generally, increases in weight per shipment indicate higher demand for our customers’ products and overall increased economic activity. Changes in weight per shipment can also be influenced by shifts between LTL and other modes of transportation, such as truckload and intermodal, in response to capacity, service and pricing issues. Fluctuations in weight per shipment generally have an inverse effect on our revenue per hundredweight, as a decrease in weight per shipment will typically cause an increase in revenue per hundredweight.

•

Average Length of Haul - We consider lengths of haul less than 500 miles to be regional traffic, lengths of haul between 500 miles and 1,000 miles to be inter-regional traffic, and lengths of haul in excess of 1,000 miles to be national traffic. This metric is used to analyze our tonnage and pricing trends for shipments with similar characteristics, and also allows for comparison with other transportation providers serving specific markets. By analyzing this metric, we can determine the success and growth potential of our service products in these markets. Changes in length of haul generally have a direct effect on our revenue per hundredweight, as an increase in length of haul will typically cause an increase in revenue per hundredweight.

•

LTL Revenue Per Shipment - This measurement is primarily determined by the three metrics listed above and is used in conjunction with the number of LTL shipments we receive to evaluate LTL revenue.

Our primary revenue focus is to increase density, which is shipment and tonnage growth within our existing infrastructure. Increases in density allow us to maximize our asset utilization and labor productivity, which we measure over many different functional areas of our operations including linehaul load factor, pickup and delivery (“P&D”) stops per hour, P&D shipments per hour, platform pounds handled per hour and platform shipments per hour. In addition to our focus on density and operating efficiencies, it is critical for us to obtain an appropriate yield, which is measured as revenue per hundredweight, on the shipments we handle. We focus on the profitability of each customer account and generally seek to obtain an appropriate yield to offset our cost inflation and support our ongoing investments in capacity and technology. We believe the continued execution of this yield-management philosophy, continued increases in density, and ongoing improvements in operating efficiencies are the key components of our ability to further improve our operating ratio and long-term profitable growth.

Our primary cost elements are direct wages and benefits associated with the movement of freight, operating supplies and expenses, which include diesel fuel, and depreciation of our equipment fleet and service center facilities. We gauge our overall success in managing costs by monitoring our operating ratio, a measure of profitability calculated by dividing total operating expenses by revenue, which also allows for industry-wide comparisons with our competition.

We regularly upgrade our technological capabilities to improve our customer service and lower our operating costs. Our technology provides our customers with visibility of their shipments throughout our network, increases the productivity of our workforce, and provides key metrics that we use to monitor and enhance our processes.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, expenses and other items as a percentage of revenue from operations:


	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2026			2025			2026			2025
Revenue from operations		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%

Operating expenses:
Salaries, wages and benefits		44.2			47.7			45.9			47.8
Operating supplies and expenses		11.4			10.1			11.2			10.5
General supplies and expenses		3.0			3.0			3.2			2.9
Operating taxes and licenses		2.2			2.5			2.3			2.5
Insurance and claims		1.2			1.3			1.3			1.3
Communications and utilities		0.5			0.7			0.6			0.7
Depreciation and amortization		5.9			6.4			6.4			6.5
Purchased transportation		2.2			2.0			2.1			2.0
Miscellaneous (income) expense, net		(0.5	)		0.9			(0.1	)		0.8
Total operating expenses		70.1			74.6			72.9			75.0

Operating income		29.9			25.4			27.1			25.0

Interest income, net		(0.2	)		(0.0	)		(0.2	)		(0.1	)
Other expense, net		0.0			0.0			0.1			0.1

Income before income taxes		30.1			25.4			27.2			25.0

Provision for income taxes		7.5			6.3			6.8			6.2

Net income		22.6	%		19.1	%		20.4	%		18.8	%

Key financial and operating metrics are presented below:


	Three Months Ended									Six Months Ended
	June 30,									June 30,
	2026			2025			% Change			2026			2025			% Change
Work days		64			64			—	%		127			127			—	%
Revenue (in thousands)	$	1,554,004		$	1,407,724			10.4	%	$	2,888,700		$	2,782,582			3.8	%
Operating ratio		70.1	%		74.6	%					72.9	%		75.0	%
Net income (in thousands)	$	350,601		$	268,626			30.5	%	$	588,859		$	523,286			12.5	%
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.68		$	1.27			32.3	%	$	2.82		$	2.46			14.6	%
LTL tons (in thousands)		2,035			2,123			(4.1	)%		3,962			4,211			(5.9	)%
LTL tonnage per day		31,804			33,178			(4.1	)%		31,199			33,157			(5.9	)%
LTL shipments (in thousands)		2,709			2,874			(5.7	)%		5,295			5,682			(6.8	)%
LTL shipments per day		42,332			44,907			(5.7	)%		41,689			44,738			(6.8	)%
LTL weight per shipment (lbs.)		1,503			1,478			1.7	%		1,497			1,482			1.0	%
LTL revenue per hundredweight	$	37.84		$	32.84			15.2	%	$	36.22		$	32.76			10.6	%
LTL revenue per shipment	$	568.55		$	485.31			17.2	%	$	542.19		$	485.55			11.7	%
Average length of haul (miles)		909			912			(0.3	)%		911			914			(0.3	)%

Our financial results for the second quarter and first six months of 2026 reflect an increase in revenue, net income, and earnings per diluted share compared to the same periods of 2025. The strength of our financial results reflects the continued improvement in demand trends and the benefits of our long-term focus on yield discipline and operational execution. We continued to maintain our commitment to superior customer service by providing our customers with 99% on-time service and a cargo claims ratio of 0.1% during the second quarter and first six months of 2026, which supported the continued improvement in our yield. We also maintained our focus on operating efficiently and controlling discretionary spending, which contributed to the improvement in our operating ratio to 70.1% and 72.9% in the second quarter and first six months of 2026, respectively. As a result, our net income and diluted earnings per share increased by 30.5% and 32.3%, respectively, for the second quarter of 2026 as compared to the second quarter of 2025 and increased 12.5% and 14.6%, respectively, for the first six months of 2026 as compared to the first six months of 2025.

Revenue

Revenue increased $146.3 million, or 10.4%, and $106.1 million, or 3.8%, in the second quarter and first six months of 2026, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2025 due to an increase in LTL revenue per hundredweight that was partially offset by a decrease in volumes. LTL tonnage per day decreased 4.1% and 5.9% in the second quarter and first six months of 2026, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2025, primarily due to a decrease in LTL shipments per day that was partially offset by an increase in LTL weight per shipment. The decrease in our volumes was offset by an increase of 15.2% and 10.6% in the second quarter and first six months of 2026, respectively, in our LTL revenue per hundredweight, which included the impact of higher fuel surcharges resulting from the increase in the average price of diesel fuel for the comparable periods. Excluding fuel surcharges, LTL revenue per hundredweight increased 5.5% and 5.0% in the second quarter and first six months of 2026, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2025. We believe the increase in the LTL revenue per hundredweight, excluding fuel surcharge, was driven by the ongoing execution of our yield management strategy. Our consistent, cost-based approach to pricing focuses on offsetting our cost inflation while also supporting additional investments into our business to expand capacity and enhance our technology.

July 2026 Update

Revenue per day increased 8.2% in July 2026 as compared to the same month last year. LTL revenue per hundredweight increased 9.3% as compared to the same month last year. LTL revenue per hundredweight, excluding fuel surcharges, increased 4.2% as compared to the same month last year. LTL tons per day decreased 1.0% due to a 3.0% decrease in LTL shipments per day that was partially offset by a 2.0% increase in LTL weight per shipment.

Operating Costs and Other Expenses

Salaries, wages and benefits increased $15.3 million, or 2.3%, in the second quarter of 2026 as compared to the second quarter of 2025 due to a $2.4 million increase in salaries and wages and a $12.9 million increase in employee benefit costs. Salaries, wages and benefits decreased $4.5 million, or 0.3%, in the first six months of 2026 as compared to the same period of 2025, due to a $15.4 million decrease in salaries and wages that was partially offset by a $10.9 million increase in employee benefit costs.

The increase in salaries and wages in the second quarter of 2026, as compared to the same period of 2025, was primarily due to the increase in performance-based bonus compensation and the annual wage increase provided to employees in September of 2025, partially offset by a 7.1% decrease in the average number of active full-time employees. The decrease in salaries and wages in the first six months of 2026, as compared to the same period of 2025, was primarily due to the 7.1 % decrease in our average number of active full-time employees, partially offset by an increase in performance-based bonus compensation and the annual wage increase provided to employees in September of 2025.

Our productive labor costs, which include wages for drivers, platform employees, and fleet technicians, improved as a percent of revenue to 21.7% and 22.9% in the second quarter and first six months of 2026, respectively, from 24.4% and 24.5% for the same periods of 2025. Despite the decrease in network density that generally results from the decline in volumes, our productive labor costs improved as a percentage of revenue, reflecting the leveraging effect of the increase in our yield as well as our continued focus on operating efficiently and delivering superior service to our customers. Our platform productivity metrics and linehaul laden load average improved in the second quarter and first six months of 2026 compared to the same periods of 2025, which helped offset the reduction in our P&D productivity metrics.

The increase in our costs attributable to employee benefits in both the second quarter and first six months of 2026, as compared to the same periods of 2025, was primarily due to an increase in retirement benefit plan costs that are directly linked to our net income and increased costs associated with our group health benefits resulting from higher average costs per claim. As a result, employee benefit costs as a percent of salaries and wages increased to 42.0% in the second quarter of 2026 from 39.5% in the comparable period of 2025 and increased to 40.7% in the first six months of 2026 from 38.9% in the comparable period of 2025.

Operating supplies and expenses increased $35.2 million, or 24.7% and $32.1 million, or 11.0%, in the second quarter and first six months of 2026, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2025 primarily due to an increase in our costs for diesel fuel used in our vehicles that was partially offset by lower maintenance and repair costs for our fleet. The cost of diesel fuel, excluding fuel taxes, represents the largest component of operating supplies and expenses, and can vary based on both the average price per gallon and consumption. Our average cost per gallon of diesel fuel increased 70.5% and 41.2% in the second quarter and first six months of 2026, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2025. We do not use diesel fuel hedging instruments; therefore, our costs are subject to market price fluctuations. Our gallons consumed decreased 5.2% and 7.3% in the second quarter and first six months of 2026, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2025, primarily due to a decrease in miles driven.

General supplies and expenses increased $4.7 million, or 11.4%, in the second quarter of 2026 compared to the second quarter of 2025, primarily due to higher costs related to cloud-computing technology. General supplies and expenses increased $11.9 million, or 14.6%, in the first six months of 2026 compared to the first six months of 2025, primarily due to higher costs related to employee training and cloud-computing technology.

Depreciation and amortization increased $1.0 million, or 1.2%, and $4.2 million, or 2.3%, in the second quarter and first six months of 2026, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2025. The increase in both periods was primarily due to the assets acquired as part of our 2025 and 2026 capital expenditure programs, partially offset by the impact of the disposal of property and equipment. While our investments in real estate, equipment, and technology can increase our short-term costs, we believe these investments are necessary to support our continued long-term growth and strategic initiatives.

Miscellaneous (income) expense, net reflects a favorable change of $21.0 million and $24.4 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2026, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2025 resulting primarily from the sale of property and equipment. Net gains on the sale of property and equipment were $17.2 million and $20.1 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2026, respectively, compared to net losses of $1.6 million and $3.3 million in the same periods of 2025.

Our effective tax rate was 25.0% for both the second quarter and first six months of 2026, as compared to 24.8% for both the second quarter and first six months of 2025. Our effective tax rate generally exceeds the federal statutory rate due to the impact of state taxes and, to a lesser extent, certain other non-taxable or non-deductible items.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

A summary of our cash flows is presented below:


	Six Months Ended
	June 30,
(In thousands)	2026			2025
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	$	120,091		$	108,676
Cash flows provided by (used in):
Operating activities		646,335			622,366
Investing activities		(97,046	)		(268,151	)
Financing activities		(385,441	)		(438,834	)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		163,848			(84,619	)
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	283,939		$	24,057

The change in our cash flows provided by operating activities during the first six months of 2026 as compared to the first six months of 2025 was primarily due to higher net income, partially offset by changes in certain working capital accounts.

The change in our cash flows used in investing activities during the first six months of 2026 as compared to the first six months of 2025 was primarily due to the reduction in our 2026 capital expenditure program and the increase in proceeds from the sale of property and equipment. Changes in our capital expenditures are more fully described below under “Capital Expenditures.”

The change in our cash flows used in financing activities during the first six months of 2026 as compared to the first six months of 2025 was primarily due to a decrease in cash utilized for repurchases of our common stock, partially offset by the change in net borrowings under our credit agreement. We had no activity on our credit agreement in the first six months of 2026 as compared to $130.0 million of net borrowings during the first six months of 2025. Our return of capital to shareholders is more fully described below under “Stock Repurchase Program” and “Dividends to Shareholders.”

We have three primary sources of available liquidity: cash flows from operations, our existing cash and cash equivalents, and available borrowings under our third amended and restated credit agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association serving as administrative agent for the lenders, dated March 22, 2023 (as subsequently amended, the “Credit Agreement”). We believe we also have sufficient access to debt and equity markets to provide other sources of liquidity, if needed.

The Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement with PGIM, Inc. (“Prudential”) and certain affiliates and managed accounts of Prudential (as subsequently amended, the “Note Agreement”), which was available through March 22, 2026, and the Credit Agreement are both described in more detail below under “Financing Agreements.”

Capital Expenditures

The table below sets forth our net capital expenditures for property and equipment for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:


	June 30,			December 31,
(In thousands)	2026			2025			2024
Land and structures	$	50,936		$	186,346		$	373,416
Tractors		60,516			140,170			218,682
Trailers		4,499			33,627			103,919
Technology		8,166			14,752			28,037
Other equipment and assets		15,494			40,139			47,264
Less: Proceeds from sales		(39,397	)		(48,523	)		(20,124	)
Total	$	100,214		$	366,511		$	751,194

Our capital expenditures vary based upon the projected increase in the number and size of our service center facilities necessary to support our plan for long-term growth, our planned tractor and trailer replacement cycle, and forecasted tonnage and shipment growth. Expenditures for land and structures can be dependent upon the availability of land in the geographic areas where we are looking to expand. We historically spend 10% to 15% of our revenue on capital expenditures each year, and we generally expect to continue to maintain a level of capital expenditures that we believe supports our long-term plan for market share growth. There could be years, however, where our annual capital expenditure plan is above or below this range as we balance the size of our service center network and operating fleet with anticipated growth. Our capital expenditures were below this range in 2025 and we expect our capital expenditures to remain below this range in 2026 as we continue to utilize available capacity within our existing network for growth.

We currently estimate capital expenditures will be approximately $380 million for the year ending December 31, 2026, which is an increase of $115 million from our initial plan. Approximately $180 million is allocated for the purchase of service center facilities, construction of new service center facilities or expansion of existing service center facilities, subject to the availability of suitable real estate and the timing of construction projects; approximately $155 million is allocated for the purchase of tractors and trailers; and approximately $45 million is allocated for investments in technology and other assets. We expect to fund these capital expenditures primarily through cash flows from operations, our existing cash and cash equivalents and, if needed, borrowings available under the Credit Agreement. We believe our current sources of liquidity will be sufficient to satisfy our expected capital expenditures for the next twelve months and in the longer term.

Stock Repurchase Program

Dividends to Shareholders

Our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.29 per share for each of the first three quarters of 2026 and declared a cash dividend of $0.28 per share for each quarter of 2025.

Although we intend to pay a quarterly cash dividend on our common stock for the foreseeable future, the declaration and amount of any future dividend is subject to approval by our Board of Directors, and is restricted by applicable state law limitations on distributions to shareholders as well as certain covenants under the Credit Agreement and the Note Agreement. We anticipate that any future quarterly cash dividends will be funded through cash flows from operations, our existing cash and cash equivalents, and, if needed, borrowings under our Credit Agreement.

Financing Agreements

Note Agreement

On May 4, 2020, we entered into the Note Agreement which provided for the issuance of senior promissory notes with an aggregate principal amount of up to $350.0 million through March 22, 2026. On May 4, 2020, we issued $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior promissory notes (the “Series B Notes”). The Series B Notes bear interest at 3.10% per annum and mature on May 4, 2027, unless prepaid. The first four principal payments of $20.0 million each were paid in May 2023, 2024, 2025 and 2026. The remaining $20.0 million will be paid in May 2027. The Series B Notes are senior unsecured obligations and rank pari passu with borrowings under the Credit Agreement.

Credit Agreement

For periods covered under the Credit Agreement, the applicable margin on SOFR loans and letter of credit fees were 1.000% and commitment fees were 0.090%.

The amounts outstanding and available borrowing capacity under the Credit Agreement are presented below:


	June 30,			December 31,
(In thousands)	2026			2025
Credit Agreement limit	$	400,000		$	400,000
Credit Agreement borrowings		—			—
Outstanding letters of credit		(31,845	)		(37,533	)
Credit Agreement availability	$	368,155		$	362,467

General Debt Provisions

We do not anticipate financial performance that would cause us to violate any such covenants in the future, and we believe our existing Credit Agreement along with our additional borrowing capacity will be sufficient to meet foreseeable seasonal and long-term capital needs.

The interest rate is fixed on the Series B Notes. Therefore, short-term exposure to fluctuations in interest rates is limited to our Credit Agreement. We do not currently use interest rate derivative instruments to manage exposure to interest rate changes.

Critical Accounting Policies

In preparing our condensed financial statements, we applied the same critical accounting policies as described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 that we believe affect our judgments and estimates of amounts recorded in certain assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses.

Seasonality

Our tonnage levels and revenue mix are subject to seasonal trends common in our industry, although other factors, such as macroeconomic changes, could cause variation in these trends. Our revenue and operating margins in the first and fourth quarters are typically lower than those during the second and third quarters due to reduced shipments during the winter months. Harsh winter weather, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods and other natural disasters can also adversely impact our performance by reducing demand and increasing operating expenses. We believe seasonal trends will continue to impact our business.

Environmental Regulation

We are subject to various federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations that focus on, among other things: the disposal, emission and discharge of hazardous waste, hazardous materials, or other materials into the environment or their presence at our properties or in our vehicles; fuel storage tanks; transportation of certain materials; and the discharge or retention of storm water. Under specific environmental laws, we could also be held responsible for any costs relating to contamination at our past or present facilities and at third-party waste disposal sites, as well as costs associated with clean-up of accidents involving our vehicles. We do

not believe that the cost of future compliance with current environmental laws or regulations will have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial condition, competitive position or capital expenditures for fiscal year 2026. However, future changes to laws or regulations may adversely affect our operations and could result in unforeseen costs to our business.

Forward-Looking Information

Forward-looking statements appear in this report, including but not limited to, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and in other written and oral statements made by or on behalf of us. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements relating to our goals, strategies, expectations, competitive environment, compliance with regulations, availability of resources, future events and future financial performance. Such forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements typically can be identified by such words as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “project,” “intend,” “expect,” “believe,” “should,” “could,” “may,” or other similar words or expressions. We caution readers that such forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 and in other reports and statements that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Such forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those expressed or implied herein, including, but not limited to, the following:

•

the challenges associated with executing our growth strategy, and developing, marketing and consistently delivering high-quality services that meet customer expectations;

•

various economic factors such as inflationary pressures or downturns in the domestic economy, and our inability to sufficiently increase our customer rates to offset the increase in our costs;

•

changes in our relationships with significant customers;

•

our exposure to claims related to cargo loss and damage, property damage, personal injury, workers’ compensation and healthcare, increased self-insured retention or deductible levels or premiums for excess coverage, and claims in excess of insured coverage levels;

•

reductions in the available supply or increases in the cost of equipment and parts;

•

higher costs for or limited availability of suitable real estate;

•

the availability and cost of third-party transportation used to supplement our workforce and equipment needs;

•

fluctuations in the availability and price of diesel fuel and our ability to collect fuel surcharges, as well as the effectiveness of those fuel surcharges in mitigating the impact of fluctuating prices for diesel fuel and other petroleum-based products;

•

seasonal trends in the less-than-truckload (“LTL”) industry, harsh weather conditions and disasters;

•

the availability and cost of capital for our significant ongoing cash requirements;

•

decreases in demand for, and the value of, used equipment;

•

our ability to successfully consummate and integrate acquisitions;

•

various risks arising from our international business relationships;

•

the costs and potential adverse impact of compliance with anti-terrorism measures on our business;

•

the competitive environment with respect to our industry, including pricing pressures;

•

changes in international trade policies, including with respect to tariffs;

•

our customers’ and suppliers’ businesses may be impacted by various economic factors such as recessions, inflation, downturns in the economy, global uncertainty and instability, changes in U.S. social, political, and regulatory conditions or a disruption of financial markets, which may decrease demand for our services or increase our costs;

•

the negative impact of any unionization, or the passage of legislation or regulations that could facilitate unionization, of our employees;

•

increases in the cost of employee compensation and benefit packages used to address general labor market challenges and to attract or retain qualified employees, including drivers and maintenance technicians;

•

our ability to retain our key employees and continue to effectively execute our succession plan;

•

potential costs and liabilities associated with cyber incidents and other risks with respect to our information technology systems or those of our third-party service providers, including system failure, security breach, disruption by malware or ransomware or other damage;

•

the failure to adapt to new technologies implemented by our competitors in the LTL and transportation industry, which could negatively affect our ability to compete;

•

the failure to keep pace with developments in technology, any disruption to our technology infrastructure, or failures of essential services upon which our technology platforms rely, which could cause us to incur costs or result in a loss of business;

•

disruption in the operational and technical services (including software as a service) provided to us by third parties, which could result in operational delays and/or increased costs;

•

the Compliance, Safety, Accountability initiative of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (“FMCSA”), which could adversely impact our ability to hire qualified drivers, meet our growth projections and maintain our customer relationships;

•

the costs and potential adverse impact of compliance with, or violations of, current and future rules issued by the Department of Transportation, the FMCSA and other regulatory agencies;

•

the costs and potential liabilities related to compliance with, or violations of, existing or future governmental laws and regulations, including environmental laws;

•

the effects of legal, regulatory or market responses to climate change concerns;

•

emissions-control and fuel efficiency regulations that could substantially increase operating expenses;

•

varied stakeholder expectations relating to evolving sustainability considerations and related reporting obligations;

•

the increase in costs associated with healthcare and other mandated benefits;

•

the costs and potential liabilities related to legal proceedings and claims, governmental inquiries, notices and investigations;

•

the impact of changes in tax laws, rates, guidance and interpretations;

•

the concentration of our stock ownership with the Congdon family;

•

the ability or the failure to declare and pay future cash dividends;

•

fluctuations in the amount and frequency of our stock repurchases;

•

volatility in the market value of our common stock;

•

the impact of certain provisions in our articles of incorporation, bylaws, and Virginia law that could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of us or a change in our management; and

•

other risks and uncertainties described in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and other filings with the SEC.

Our forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs and assumptions using information available at the time the statements are made. We caution the reader not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements as (i) these statements are neither a prediction nor a guarantee of future events or circumstances and (ii) the assumptions, beliefs, expectations and projections about future events may differ materially from actual results. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement to reflect developments occurring after the statement is made, except to the extent required by law.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

There have been no material changes to our market risk exposures since our most recent fiscal year end. For a discussion of our exposure to market risk, refer to Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures in accordance with Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on this evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this report, our CEO and CFO concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (i) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure, and (ii) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Consistent with SEC Regulation S-K Item 103, we have elected to disclose those environmental legal proceedings with a governmental authority if management reasonably believes that the proceedings may involve potential monetary sanctions of $1.0 million or more. Applying this threshold, there are no such unresolved proceedings to disclose as of June 30, 2026.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report and in our other reports and statements that we file with the SEC, including our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, careful consideration should be given to the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, which could materially affect our business, financial condition and future results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results or cash flows.

There have been no material changes to the risk factors identified in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table provides information regarding our repurchases of our common stock during the second quarter of 2026:


	ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)		Average Price Paid per Share (2)		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs		Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Programs
April 1-30, 2026		178,883	$	209.53		177,769	$	1,416,044,606
May 1-31, 2026		399,243	$	201.99		398,129	$	1,335,639,827
June 1-30, 2026		118,787	$	228.32		117,673	$	1,308,768,739
Total		696,913	$	208.41		693,571

(1)

Total number of shares purchased during the quarter includes 3,342 shares of our common stock surrendered by participants to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of equity awards issued under our stock incentive plans.

(2)

Average price paid per share excludes a 1% excise tax imposed by the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022.

Item 5. Other Information

During the three months ended June 30, 2026, no member of the Board of Directors or Section 16 officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408 (a) of Regulation S-K.

Item 6. Exhibits

The exhibits listed in the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed as a part of this report.

EXHIBIT INDEX

TO QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q


Exhibit No.		Description



31.1		Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2		Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1		Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2		Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101		The following financial information from our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2026, filed on August 5, 2026, formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language) includes: (i) the Condensed Balance Sheets at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, (ii) the Condensed Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, (iii) the Condensed Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, (iv) the Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, and (v) the Notes to the Condensed Financial Statements

104		The cover page from our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2026, formatted in iXBRL

Our SEC file number reference for documents filed with the SEC pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is 0-19582.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


		OLD DOMINION FREIGHT LINE, INC.

DATE:	August 5, 2026	/s/ ADAM N. SATTERFIELD
		Adam N. Satterfield
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

DATE:	August 5, 2026	/s/ CLAYTON G. BRINKER
		Clayton G. Brinker
		Vice President - Accounting and Finance (Principal Accounting Officer)

Source: View Original Filing on SEC EDGAR